1、考研英语-试卷 170 及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken togeth
2、er, comprises the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words【1】which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we【2】, that is to say, from the【3】of our own family and from our familiar associates, and【4】we should know and use【5】we could not read or write. They【6】the common things of life
3、, and are the stock in trade of all who【7】the language. Such words may be called “popular“, since they belong to the people【8】and are not the exclusive【9】of a limited class. On the other hand, our language【10】a multitude of words which are comparatively【11】used in ordinary conversation. Their meanin
4、gs are known to every educated person, but there is little【12】to use them at home or in the market-place. Our【13】acquaintance with them comes not from our mother“s【14】or from the talk of our school-mates,【15】from books that we read, lectures that we【16】, or the more【17】conversation of highly educate
5、d speakers who are discussing some particular【18】in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual【19】of everyday life. Such words are called “learned“, and the【20】between them and the “popular“ words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.（分数：40.00）A.atB.withC.byD.
6、throughA.studyB.imitateC.stimulateD.learnA.matesB.relativesC.membersD.fellowsA.whichB.thatC.thoseD.onesA.evenB.despiteC.even ifD.in spite ofA.mindB.concernC.careD.relateA.hireB.applyC.adoptD.useA.in publicB.at mostC.at largeD.at bestA.rightB.privilegeC.shareD.possessionA.consistsB.comprisesC.constit
7、utesD.composesA.seldomB.muchC.neverD.oftenA.prospectB.wayC.reasonD.necessityA.primaryB.firstC.principalD.priorA.tipsB.mouthC.lipsD.tongueA.besidesB.andC.orD.butA.hear ofB.attendC.hear fromD.listenA.formerB.formulaC.formalD.formativeA.themeB.topicC.ideaD.pointA.borderB.linkC.degreeD.extentA.diversion
8、B.distinctionC.diversityD.similarity二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._People don“t want to buy information online. Why? Because they don“t have to
9、. No more than that because they“re used to not paying for it. That“s the conventional wisdom. Slate, Microsoft“s online politics-and-culture magazine, is an oft-cited example of the failed attempts to charge a fee for access to content. So far, for most publishers, it hasn“t worked. But nothing on
10、the Web is a done deal. In September graphics-soft-ware powerhouse Adobe announced new applications that integrate commerce into downloading books and articles online, with Simon and media have the ability to be much more critical than a company would like. For example, in 1982, Proctrer it may foll
11、ow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media ascertain whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it. A company-sponsored jobs program might go unreported or receive three-sentence coverage in a local newspaper.（分数：10.00）(1).The author mentions all of the follo
12、wing advantages of publicity EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.having attentivenessB.having no time costsC.having high credibilityD.having high profitability(2).People are more likely to believe in news reports than ads because_.（分数：2.00）A.they reach a larger audience than ads doB.they are more objectiveC.they app
13、ear in independent mediaD.they are much more in number and stand out clearly(3).The example in Paragraph 3 is intended to demonstrate_.（分数：2.00）A.the power of publicityB.the victim of publicityC.the terrible effect of rumorsD.the vulnerability of people to publicity(4).One of the reasons why feature
14、 stories seem more reliable than ads is that_.（分数：2.00）A.they are more believableB.they are more objectiveC.readers like to spend time reading storiesD.they are much fewer in number and stand out clearly(5).The passage implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.the placement of a story is not quite importantB.the rep
15、ort of a crime may not be trueC.local newspapers are not interested in company-sponsored programsD.publicity is not always necessaryHippies were members of a youth movement of the 1960“s and 1970“s that started in the United States and spread to Canada, Great Britain, and many other countries. The h
16、ippies rejected the customs, traditions, and life styles of society and tried to develop those of their own. Most hippies came from white middle-class families and ranged in age from 15 to 25 years old. They thought too many adults cared about making money and little else. The term hippie may come f
17、rom the word hip, which means “turned-in“ or aware. Hippies wanted a world based on love of humanity and peace. Many believed that wonderful, magical changes were about to take place. They thought these changes would happen as soon as people learned to express their feelings honestly and to behave n
18、aturally at all times. Hippies strongly opposed U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Many hippies lived together in small groups, working with one another and sharing possessions. Others refused to be tied down to a fixed job or home. They wandered from place to place seeking part-time work and temp
19、orary shelter. Some begged for spare change and lived in the streets or camped in parks or other public lands. Hippies were sometimes called “flower children“ because they gave people flowers to communicate gentleness and love. They let their hair grow long and walked barefoot or in sandals. Hippies
20、 attracted public attention by wearing clothing that featured unusual combinations of colors and textures. A large number of hippies used marijuana, LSD, and other drugs. Drug experiences shaped many of their symbols and ideas. The Beatles, a popular English rock group, helped spread the hippie move
21、ment with their song. Hippie favorites included such other rock groups as the Grateful Dead and the Jefferson Airplane, singers Joan Baez and Bob Dylan, poet Allen Ginsberg, and novelist Ken Kesey. Many hippies admired Timothy Leary, a psychologist who preached salvation through the use of drugs. In
22、 time, most hippies realized it was not easy to reform society by “dropping“out“ of it. Some joined more organized political movements to work for specific social causes. Others turned to spirituality or religion. The majority simply left the hippie stage of their lives behind while trying to hold o
23、n to at least a few of the ideals that once inspired them.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the passage that hippies called themselves “hippies“ because_.（分数：2.00）A.they wanted to be different and independentB.they wanted people to be aware of the necessity for radical changesC.they considered t
24、raditional values worthlessD.they begged people to notice the changes around themselves(2).Hippies gave flowers to people because they_.（分数：2.00）A.wanted a world based on love of humanity and peaceB.could not find jobs and had to sell flowers for a livingC.wanted to tell people that they were badly
25、in need of loveD.wanted to show people that they meant no harm to them(3).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Many hippies had to beg because no firms would hire them.B.Timothy Leary, a preacher, was the leader of the hippie movement.C.Drugs produced a very
26、important influence on hippies“ ideas.D.The hippie movement was first known to the British people through the Beatles songs.(4).From the last paragraph, we know that the hippie movement finally declined because_.（分数：2.00）A.most of the hippies turned to more active ways to reform the societyB.most of
27、 the hippies deemed the social problems of their time incorrigibleC.most of the hippies simply dropped out of it as they grew olderD.most of the hippies gave up some of their original ideas(5).The author“s attitude towards the hippie movement is one of_.（分数：2.00）A.criticismB.sympathyC.detestationD.e
28、nthusiasmFor health insurance, the United States has taken the road less traveled. The United States is the only rich country without universal health insurance. People in the United States spend the most, rely heavily on the private sector, and obtain care from the world“s most complicated delivery
29、 system. While some supporters have expressed satisfaction, if not pride, in these remarkable qualities, others contend that the United States faces unique limitations in reforming health care. In her exceptional book, Parting at the Crossroads, Antonia Maioni compares the formation of the U.S. and
30、Canadian health-care systems for the years 1930-60. The United States and Canada are often considered the most similar of Western democracies. They share a common border, are wealthy, and have federal government. Their trade unions are only moderately powerful, and their populations are diverse and
31、young. Nevertheless, their health-insurance systems are nearly opposite. The United States relies on a mix of government plans, targeted to the elderly and indigent, and employment-based plans, which the government indirectly supports. Canada offers public health insurance to all qualified residents
32、, with the private sector providing supplementary “services in some provinces. Labor organizations became strong advocates for health-insurance reform in both countries. Their impact partially depended on political institutions and how other actors, particularly organized medicine, wielded them. Can
33、ada“s governmental and electoral systems allowed labor to cooperate with a social democratic party in the Saskatchewan Province, which established a universal program. The Saskatchewan program demonstrated universal insurance feasibility, spurring the dominant Liberals to introduce a national univer
34、sal program. In contrast, the U. S. electoral system effectively precluded third-party formation, forcing organized labor to dilute its health-insurance goals because it was one of many interests represented by the Democratic Party. Maioni suggested that economic vitality is important for the future
35、 of both countries“ systems, but the prognosis is uncertain. Despite recent concerns about the Canadian government“s budgetary health, Maioni contends that widespread support protects universal insurance. Conversely, Maioni seems pessimistic about options for U.S. universal health insurance. Despite
36、 economic buoyancy, dissension will likely prevent reforms. Although a devastating economic downturn would make health finance difficult in either country, the U.S. system seems especially vulnerable. Employment-based insurance and Medicare both rely on labor market attachment. High, chronic unemplo
37、yment could result in coverage loss and financial difficulties for employer insurance and Medicare, swelling the uninsured pool. Such a crisis could provide an opening for universal health insurance. In any case, whether the United States relies on the public or private sector, escalating health exp
38、enditures figure into budget of government, corporations, and families. The U.S. health care system“s future may depend on Americans“ willingness to devote more of their national income to health care.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first sentence we learn that the United States_.（分数：2.00）A.has gone astray a
39、bout what it does with health insuranceB.has complicated its health insurance policy and confused its peopleC.has reformed its health care to its average people“s satisfactionD.carries out a difference health insurance policy form other Western countries(2).Canadian health-care systems are different
40、 from those of the U.S. in that_.（分数：2.00）A.the federal government is directly responsible for themB.private sectors in Canada play a more important roleC.the government only indirectly supports the employment-based plansD.the trade unions in both countries are only moderately powerful in such matte
41、rs(3).The vulnerability of the U.S. insurance systems lies in_.（分数：2.00）A.its failure to extend its coverage to the poor and elderlyB.its excessive dependence on the labor marketC.Americans“ willingness to buy insuranceD.the willingness of the government to invest in them(4).The Saskatchewan program
42、 in Canada shows that_.（分数：2.00）A.the labor union of a country can play a positive role in health-insurance reformB.universal health insurance is practicable in a federal governmentC.a third party is needed to coordinate the efforts of the government and the labor unionD.the electoral system has a d
43、irect impact on the insurance plan(5).The passage is most likely to be_.（分数：2.00）A.a summary of a government-sponsored program in health policy studyB.a review of a book in health-care system studyC.a survey of the influence of economic policies on health-care systemD.a critical commentary on the U.
44、S. health-care system4.Part B_In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. In 1959 the average American family p
45、aid $ 989 for a year“s supply of food. In 1972 the family paid $1,311That was a price increase of nearly one-third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. 41 1. Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat,
46、 eggs, and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer“s share of the $1,311 spent by the family in 1972 was $ 521This was 31 per cent more than the farmer had received in 1959. But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the in
47、crease in their cost of living. 42 2These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold. They are among the “middlemen“ who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones
48、 to blame for rising food prices? Of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlement received $ 790, which was 33 percent more than they had received in 1959It appears that the middlemen“s profit has increased more than farmer“s. 43According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one percent. During the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than five percent. By co
