1、考研英语（完形填空）模拟试卷 170 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In Europe, there has been a serious decline in physical activity over the pas
2、t 50 years. Adults aged 20-60 years【C1】_500kcal less energy per day than they did 50 years ago. This is the【C2】_to the running of a marathon each week. Even【C3】_of participation in walking and cycling are declining, all of which suggests we should be【C4】_to the nearest gym. But the “green“ policies
3、of these establishments【C5】_to be pretty disappointing: factor in air-conditioning, laundering of towels, energy-consuming exercise【C6】_and the fact that 90% of exercisers【C7】_to the gym. British Military Fitness, the UKs leading【C8】_fitness provider, offers a programme of nationwide classes in park
4、s, and on common lands, in the【C9】_of its Gym Intervention programme. The organisation【C10】_not just the fitness benefits of working out outside, also our need to spend time in the great outdoors to【C11】_overall mental and physical wellbeing. Group activity is declining as fast as our fit ness rates
5、, so the complete ethical workout doesnt merely【C12】_the greenness of the equipment, but also the social capital to be【C13】_by joining in. It also【C14】_to start early. Children urgently need to become more【C15】_. and yet according to Natural England, a public body that encourages people to enjoy the
6、ir natural surroundings, the amount of time and【C16】_children have with nature is declining; fewer than 10% now play in natural places【C17】_woodlands, countryside and common land compared with 40% of children 40 years ago. Research shows that children who are【C18】_to nature will continue to visit【C1
7、9】_landscapes in adulthood and be committed to【C20】_them.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.exhaustB.exitC.executeD.expend(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.amountB.quantityC.extentD.equivalent(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.speedB.rhythmC.ratesD.ratio(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.forcedB.marchedC.compelledD.accompanied(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.intend
8、B.appealC.tendD.yield(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.equipmentB.applianceC.utilityD.instrument(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.driveB.walkC.moveD.run(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.outsideB.indoorC.outdoorD.inside(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.shapeB.frameC.scopeD.field(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.opposesB.desertsC.advocatesD.experiences(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.
9、entertainB.graspC.endureD.maintain(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.assessB.checkC.proofD.symbolize(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.existedB.exhibitedC.gainedD.added(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.paysB.hurtsC.yieldsD.frustrates(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.diligentB.activeC.responsibleD.persistent(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.contractB.contrastC.confl
10、ictD.contact(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.for exampleB.as forC.such asD.as to(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.resortedB.relievedC.exiledD.introduced(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.mysteriousB.naturalC.grandD.unique(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.resistingB.quittingC.retainingD.eradicatingEvidence of the benefits that volunteering can bring o
11、lder people continues to roll in. “Volunteers have improved physical and social functioning,“ said Fengyan Tang, an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work, who has【C1】_older volunteers. “They report better well-being and greater life【C2】_. Theres a reduced risk of
12、death compared to non-volunteers.“ I reported a few weeks back on a public school program【C3】_volunteers, in a small-scale initial study, appeared to【C4】_their risk of cognitive decline. 【C5】_were also learning that not all volunteering is created equal. In Dr. Tangs most recent study,【C6】_in The Ge
13、rontologist, she【C7】_207 volunteers(average age: 72)who spent【C8】_six hours a week on programs providing【C9】_services as preparing meals or teaching computer skills. The results【C10】_how important the programs organization and administration can be. Volunteers reported greater “socioemotional benefi
14、ts“a sense of having made important【C11】_, feelings of enhanced well-beingwhen the programs【C12】_greater “organizational support.“ Whats organizational support? Thoughtfully【C13】_volunteers with jobs that interest them. Offering training so that volunteers feel【C14】_with the work environment, the【C1
15、5】_, the task, the possible challenges【C16】_Making volunteering more convenient for older people by providing parking or transportation,【C17】_small salaries. 【C18】_their efforts with events or awards. “Organizational support is more important than the individual characteristics of the volunteer,【C19
16、】_longer participation and greater benefit,“ Dr. Tang said. Seniors and families looking for engaging volunteer opportunities, and programs hoping to【C20】_and retain older volunteers, take note.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.worshipedB.trainedC.penetratedD.studied(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.satisfactionB.achie
17、vementC.distractionD.engagement(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.thatB.whoseC.itsD.what(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.increaseB.cut offC.raiseD.reduce(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.ButB.AndC.SinceD.As(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.publishedB.adoptedC.enrolledD.posted(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.investigatedB.detectedC.surveyedD.inquired(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.on a
18、verageB.by contrastC.in generalD.at most(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.someB.theseC.soD.such(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.dictateB.demonstrateC.illustrateD.deny(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.effortsB.progressC.commitmentsD.contributions(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.providedB.aidedC.convincedD.equipped(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.arrangingB.blendi
19、ngC.matchingD.imposing(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.familiarB.comfortableC.contentD.free(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.stuffB.locationC.operationD.staff(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.alongB.forwardC.behindD.ahead(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.thoughB.evenC.stillD.besides(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.QuestioningB.RecognizingC.PraisingD.Criticizing
20、(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.regardless ofB.because ofC.in terms ofD.thanks to(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.registerB.recruitC.enrichD.thrill考研英语（完形填空）模拟试卷 170 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each nu
21、mbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：In Europe, there has been a serious decline in physical activity over the past 50 years. Adults aged 20-60 years【C1】_500kcal less energy per day than they did 50 years ago. This is the【C2】_to the running of a marathon each week. Even【C3】_of participat
22、ion in walking and cycling are declining, all of which suggests we should be【C4】_to the nearest gym. But the “green“ policies of these establishments【C5】_to be pretty disappointing: factor in air-conditioning, laundering of towels, energy-consuming exercise【C6】_and the fact that 90% of exercisers【C7
23、】_to the gym. British Military Fitness, the UKs leading【C8】_fitness provider, offers a programme of nationwide classes in parks, and on common lands, in the【C9】_of its Gym Intervention programme. The organisation【C10】_not just the fitness benefits of working out outside, also our need to spend time
24、in the great outdoors to【C11】_overall mental and physical wellbeing. Group activity is declining as fast as our fit ness rates, so the complete ethical workout doesnt merely【C12】_the greenness of the equipment, but also the social capital to be【C13】_by joining in. It also【C14】_to start early. Childr
25、en urgently need to become more【C15】_. and yet according to Natural England, a public body that encourages people to enjoy their natural surroundings, the amount of time and【C16】_children have with nature is declining; fewer than 10% now play in natural places【C17】_woodlands, countryside and common
26、land compared with 40% of children 40 years ago. Research shows that children who are【C18】_to nature will continue to visit【C19】_landscapes in adulthood and be committed to【C20】_them.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.exhaustB.exitC.executeD.expend 解析：解析：首句讲到“人们体力活动严重减少”，因此推断消耗的能量也变少，故选 D 项 expend“消耗”。(2)
27、.【C2】（分数：2.00）A.amountB.quantityC.extentD.equivalent 解析：解析：本句开头的 This 指代的是“每天少消耗的 500kcal 能量”，而空格后提到“每周跑一次马拉松”，符合逻辑的应是每周跑一次马拉松消耗的能量与“每天少消耗的 500kcal”在数量上相等，故选D 项 equivalent“等价物”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.speedB.rhythmC.rates D.ratio解析：解析：首句提及“人们的体力活动严重减少了”，因此推断此处是说参与走路和骑车的“人数”也少了，C 项 rates 指部分相对整体形成的“比率”，ra
28、tes of participation 即参加入数的比率，符合句意。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.forcedB.marched C.compelledD.accompanied解析：解析：上文提及“参与走路和骑车的也少了”，针对这种现象，合乎逻辑的做法应是迫使人们去体育馆去锻炼，故选 B 项，march 可用于 march sbto/into“迫使某人走进”结构。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.intendB.appealC.tend D.yield解析：解析：由下文冒号后的内容可知，此处的意思是这些政策会令人失望，故选 C 项 tend。短语 tend to 意为“倾向于”
29、。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.equipment B.applianceC.utilityD.instrument解析：解析：四个选项中，跟“健身馆”有关的是 A 项 equipment“设备”，指体育健身器材。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.drive B.walkC.moveD.run解析：解析：本句意为“事实上 90%的锻炼者去体育馆”，由上文说的“现在人们锻炼较少”推断他们是开车去的，所以选 A 项 drive“驾车”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.outsideB.indoorC.outdoor D.inside解析：解析：由下文的 in parks，and
30、on common lands 可知活动是在室外的，故选 C 项 outdoor“室外的”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.shape B.frameC.scopeD.field解析：解析：空格后的 Gym Intervention“体育健身教育”是该组织的一种项目，一种形式，所以选 A项 shape“形式”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.opposesB.desertsC.advocates D.experiences解析：解析：The organisation 指的是 British Military Fitness(英军健身俱乐部)。由本段第 1 句的“它在全国范围的公
31、园、公共场所提供健身课程项目”可看出该机构“倡导”户外活动给人们健康带来的好处。故选 C 项 advocates“倡导”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.entertainB.graspC.endureD.maintain 解析：解析：空格前提到“我们需要花时间在户外活动”，根据上文的 benefits，可知户外活动对人的身心健康有益，故选 D 项 maintain“保持”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.assess B.checkC.proofD.symbolize解析：解析：上文讲到体育馆的环保措施令人失望，结合选项，推断这里是讲活动好坏不能单评估运动设施是否环保，还
32、有其他的考量。故选 A 项 assess“评估”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.existedB.exhibitedC.gained D.added解析：解析：but also 表明其后的内容与前半部分之间是一种递进关系，前面是讲环保性，即获得的环境方面的效益，因此这里应讲社会资本方面的收益，故选 C 项 gained“获得”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.pays B.hurtsC.yieldsD.frustrates解析：解析：由下文的 urgently need(亟需)，encourages people to enjoy their natural surrou
33、ndings(鼓励人们去享受自然环境)等表述，可推断让孩子尽早多接触自然的好处，故选Apays“对有利”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.diligentB.active C.responsibleD.persistent解析：解析：根据常识，在自然环境中小孩能更自由自在地活动，因而也会更活泼好动点，故选 B 项active“活跃的”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.contractB.contrastC.conflictD.contact 解析：解析：空格与 time 并列，在其后面的定语从句中作 have 的宾语，且与 with 构成搭配。在自然环境中多花时间，就多一些
34、与自然接触的机会，所以选 D 项 contact“接触”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.for exampleB.as forC.such as D.as to解析：解析：空格后列举了一些自然场所的例子，且空格后没有逗号，故选 C 项 such as“例如”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.resortedB.relievedC.exiledD.introduced 解析：解析：这里还是要表达“接触自然”的意思，只是改成了被动语态。故选 D 项，be introduced to有“融入，接触”的意思。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.mysteriousB.nat
35、ural C.grandD.unique解析：解析：空格修饰名词 landscape“风景”，在自然环境中，对应的就是自然风景，所以选 B 项natural“自然的”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.resistingB.quittingC.retaining D.eradicating解析：解析：由上文的 continue to visit 可推断早年接触自然环境的孩子会喜欢自然环境，也会致力于保护自然环境，故选 C 项 retaining“保持”。Evidence of the benefits that volunteering can bring older people c
36、ontinues to roll in. “Volunteers have improved physical and social functioning,“ said Fengyan Tang, an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work, who has【C1】_older volunteers. “They report better well-being and greater life【C2】_. Theres a reduced risk of death compare
37、d to non-volunteers.“ I reported a few weeks back on a public school program【C3】_volunteers, in a small-scale initial study, appeared to【C4】_their risk of cognitive decline. 【C5】_were also learning that not all volunteering is created equal. In Dr. Tangs most recent study,【C6】_in The Gerontologist,
38、she【C7】_207 volunteers(average age: 72)who spent【C8】_six hours a week on programs providing【C9】_services as preparing meals or teaching computer skills. The results【C10】_how important the programs organization and administration can be. Volunteers reported greater “socioemotional benefits“a sense of
39、 having made important【C11】_, feelings of enhanced well-beingwhen the programs【C12】_greater “organizational support.“ Whats organizational support? Thoughtfully【C13】_volunteers with jobs that interest them. Offering training so that volunteers feel【C14】_with the work environment, the【C15】_, the task
40、, the possible challenges【C16】_Making volunteering more convenient for older people by providing parking or transportation,【C17】_small salaries. 【C18】_their efforts with events or awards. “Organizational support is more important than the individual characteristics of the volunteer,【C19】_longer part
41、icipation and greater benefit,“ Dr. Tang said. Seniors and families looking for engaging volunteer opportunities, and programs hoping to【C20】_and retain older volunteers, take note.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.worshipedB.trainedC.penetratedD.studied 解析：解析：上文提到唐冯彦的身份是一位助理教授，助理教授的工作显然是做研究，因此选 D 项studi
42、ed“研究”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.satisfaction B.achievementC.distractionD.engagement解析：解析：上文提到“志愿者生理功能和社会功能都有所改善”，因此空格应表“生理或社会功能的改善”，A 项 satisfaction“满意的”代入，表示“对生活更满意”，符合要求。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.thatB.whose C.itsD.what解析：解析：分析句子结构，空格处为定语从句引导词，修饰 program，引导词在从句中作定语，因此选B 项 whose，表示“该项目的(志愿者)”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A
43、.increaseB.cut offC.raiseD.reduce 解析：解析：上文提到“志愿服务活动有益于老年人的健康”，结合空格后宾语 risk(风险)，推断空格处填入“降低”含义的词，故选 D 项 reduce“降低”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.But B.AndC.SinceD.As解析：解析：上一段提到“志愿者认知能力下降的风险似乎降低了”，而本句却说“并非所有的志愿活动都是一样的”，两者在句意上存在转折，故选 A。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.published B.adoptedC.enrolledD.posted解析：解析：由斜体的 The Gerontol
44、ogist 可知这是一本刊物，_in The Gerontologist 为后置定语，修饰 study(研究)。“研究”应是“发表”在刊物上，故选 A 项 published“发表”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.investigatedB.detectedC.surveyed D.inquired解析：解析：根据上文的 Instudy(在研究中)，唐博士应是“调查”了志愿者，C 项 survey 强调“做研究时通过询问别人一系列问题找出其观点或行为模式等”，符合要求。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.on average B.by contrastC.in generalD.at
45、 most解析：解析：上文提及“唐博士对 207 名志愿者进行了调查”，要让数据客观。一般科学研究都会取平均数，且空格前说志愿者年龄也用了 average，故选 A 项 on average“平均”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.someB.theseC.soD.such 解析：解析：由空格后的 as 可排除 A、B，因为 some 和 these 后不跟 as 短语。此外，由于空格后的services 为名词，故应选形容词 such，排除副词 so。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.dictateB.demonstrate C.illustrateD.deny解析：解析：此处
46、意为“调查结果这些活动的组织和管理有多么重要”，空格处应填入“表明，显示”含义的词，B 项 demonstrate“显示”符合句意。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.effortsB.progressC.commitmentsD.contributions 解析：解析：make efforts“努力”；make progress“取得进步”；make commitments“作出承诺”；make contributions“作贡献”，对于志愿者来说，其行为是“作贡献”，因此选 D。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.provided B.aidedC.convincedD.equ
47、ipped解析：解析：项目方应为“组织支持”的提供者，故填入 A 项 provide“提供”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.arrangingB.blendingC.matching D.imposing解析：解析：organizational support(组织支持)既然是“支持”，就应该对志愿者有利，即分配他们做自己感兴趣的工作，C 项 matching“匹配”能表达这个含义。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.familiar B.comfortableC.contentD.free解析：解析：从语义上看，培训当然是可以帮助他们熟悉工作环境的，因此选 A 项 familiar“熟悉的”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.stuffB.locationC.operationD.staff 解析：解析：空格跟“工作环境”及“任务”并列，都属于培训应熟悉的东西，D 项 staff“职员”符合逻辑。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.alongB.forwardC.behindD.ahead 解析：解析：空格处的词修饰 the possible challenges(可能遇到的挑战)，既然是“可能的”，那就是目前没出现的，即“将来的”，D 项 ahead
