1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 170 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Judith Vogtli, director of an upstate New York-base
2、d abstinence(the practice of refraining from sex, alcohol, etc)organization called Project Truth, is worried that the golden age of “abstinence-only“ education may have come to an end. George W. Bush helped increase funding for this kind of sex educationwhich focuses on chastity as the way to preven
3、t pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, and discusses condoms only in terms of failureto over $175m a year. The fate of that money, and of abstinence education itself, is uncertain under a new administration and Congress. Ms Vogtli need only wait a few weeks. Barack Obama will submit the firs
4、t draft of his budget to Congress later this month. In the meantime, her organization, funded entirely by a government grant, is trying to go about business as usual. That means teaching about abstaining from sex, drugs and alcohol in New York schools and holding its sixth annual abstinence Creativi
5、ty Contest, to which students submitted essays, poems, artwork and music on the theme of “Waiting is easier because.“ Abstinence-only education programs have been controversial ever since they were introduced under Ronald Reagan in 1981. Some liberals have labeled it “ignorance-only“ education and m
6、ost favor a curriculum that includes discussion of both abstinence and contraception(the method to prevent pregnancy). Since the start of abstinence-only programs, the federal government has spent over $1.5 billion on them, but the United States still has one of the highest teen-pregnancy rates of a
7、ny developed country. Supporters of abstinence-only education mostly think that the media and a culture of casual sexual behaviors are to blame for this and that more government support for abstinence could help offset the rise of teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease. But opponents bla
8、me abstinence-only education. There is some evidence to support their case. According to Sarah Brown of the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, an advocacy organization, there has been no randomized study showing that abstinence-only education delays sexual activity, and resea
9、rch from the University of Washington suggests that teens who receive comprehensive sex education have a 50% lower risk of becoming pregnant than those enrolled in abstinence-only courses. Abstinence-only advocates want the government to let school districts choose which type of sex education they p
10、refer. But in an unfavorable sign for them, the new Congress is already shifting its emphasis. Louise Slaughter, a congresswoman from New York and a former scientist, has introduced a bill that would fund “medically accurate“ comprehensive sex education in schools. It is likely to pass.（分数：10.00）(1)
11、.We learn from the first paragraph that “abstinence-only“ education（分数：2.00）A.fails to win the support from the new administration.B.focuses on both chastity and condoms.C.enjoys great popularity among the young people.D.might see a decline of public interest in such education.(2).Which of the follo
12、wing is true of Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.Ms Vogtli“s organization is funded by the government and the private companies.B.Ms Vogtli“s organization is trying its best to do business well as usual.C.The annual abstinence Creativity Contest has been held for six consecutive years.D.Student participants o
13、f the contest should submit essays, poems, artwork of any themes.(3).According to Paragraph 3, the teen-pregnancy rates are high because of（分数：2.00）A.a lack of government support for abstinence education.B.the casual attitude towards abstinence education.C.the casual attitude towards sex and mass me
14、diaD.the curriculum that excludes discussion of contraception.(4).It is suggested in the fourth paragraph that comprehensive sex education（分数：2.00）A.does not put off sexual activity among the teens.B.helps the teens reduce the risk of becoming pregnant by 50%.C.helps 50% of the teens avoid the sexua
15、l behavior.D.helps the teens avoid becoming pregnant more effectively.(5).We may infer from the last paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.the new Congress still emphasizes the abstinence-only education.B.the comprehensive sex education may receive more support.C.a bill of funding comprehensive sex education has
16、 been passed.D.Louise Slaughter is in favor of abstinence-only education.Think of theme parks and you think of roller coasters. The secret checking of the seat restraints, the stomach-sickening climb and the visceral thrill of the drop are the hallmarks of a park visit. But as a metaphor for the ind
17、ustry, the roller coaster is all wrong. Making money from theme parks is a hard thing, not a thrilling rush. And coasters are not where the best chance of revenue growth lies. This week“s July 4th celebrations marked the beginning of the summer season for America“s theme parks. Around the world, ano
18、ther year of moderate growth is expected: global attendance grew by 2.2% in 2006. Growth is slowest in the mature markets of North America and Europe, though the prospects look better in Asia. Scope to raise entry prices is limited by competition. At $300m or more, the economics of building a new pa
19、rk are “brutal“, says Raymond Braun of Economic Research Associates, a consultancy. In response, operators are concentrating on improving the customer experience, making greater use of their facilities and turning parks into multi-day destinations. Stronger theming helps to make a park more distinct
20、ive. Greater interactivity is also important The “Men in Black“ ride at Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida, in which passengers shoot at animatronics aliens, is a good example of what industry types like to call an “immersive“ experience. Discovery Cove, another Florida park, takes that term lite
21、rally, charging visitors premium prices to swim with dolphins and other animals. Packing more people into parks risks turning visits into a series of queues interrupted by rides, rather than the other way round. “Queuing is a big nuisance,“ says Mark Fisher of Merlin Entertainments. One answer is to
22、 break up the boredom by putting entertainers into the queue. Another is to offer ride-reservation systems or special tickets that let people book a place in line without having to queue. Getting people through the park more efficiently is one way to increase the use of facilities. Extending the sea
23、son is another. Tivoli, a park in the heart of Copenhagen, introduced a ten-day Halloween season in 2006 to sit alongside its summer and Christmas openings. “We used to be a seasonal business and now we are more or less a full-year business,“ says the park“s chief executive. As squeezing growth out
24、of existing parks becomes harder, operators are also looking to new markets. Indoor city-based attractions, which are cheap to build and easy to get to, have plenty of potential, even in mature markets. Emerging markets look promising, too. Asia“s top ten parks recorded attendance growth of 4.4% in
25、2006, much of it driven by Hong Kong Disneyland“s first full year of operation. As consumers in developing markets become wealthier, the industry will look a lot more thrilling.（分数：10.00）(1).Roller coasters seem an inappropriate metaphor for theme parks in that（分数：2.00）A.coasters are no long the bes
26、t thrilling hallmarks of a park visit.B.coasters avail nothing for raising the turnover of theme parks.C.earning profit from theme parks is anything but a thrilling rush.D.making-money from theme parks is hardly tougher than rolling coasters.(2).From Paragraph 2, it can be inferred thai;（分数：2.00）A.I
27、ndependence Day marks the beginning of peak season for theme parks.B.mature markets of North America and Europe are slowly losing the edge.C.theme parks in Asia produce larger revenue than their American counterparts.D.theme parks can hardly expect a jump in entry prices due to the competition.(3).A
28、ccording to Paragraph 3, an “immersive“ experience（分数：2.00）A.brings the functions of facilities into full play.B.drives visitors under the surface of liquid.C.provides more chances to interact with animals.D.gives customers deeper on-spot involvement.(4).The park of Tivoli is cited to show that（分数：2
29、.00）A.a prolonged season proves an efficient way to tackle queuing.B.extended business-hours alleviate the inconvenience of queuing.C.holiday seasons can be scheduled alongside to avoid queuing.D.a full-year business helps minimize the ill-effect of queuing.(5).In the author“s opinion, the real driv
30、ing force for the industry lies in（分数：2.00）A.further exploration of new markets.B.the booming indoor-based attractions.C.full-year operation of emerging markets.D.wealthier customers in developing countries.Parents of children who happily eat what“s put in front of them might assume their kids are w
31、ell nourished. But two new studies drive home the importance of varying that diet. Deficiencies of vitamin D, omega-3 fats, and other healthful compounds are common; it turns outand consequential. Growing evidence links vitamin D deficiency not only to weak bones but also to impaired immunity, asthm
32、a, and diabetes among other problems. And some of the latest research finds that rates of asthma and related respiratory problems climb in kids who are short on other commonly missing essentials, including vitamins C and E and omega-3 fatty acids. A team at the Harvard School of Public Health evalua
33、ted the diet and respiratory(relating to the process of breathing)health of some 2,000 North American high school seniors and found that teens who lack of fruit, vegetables, and other healthful foods were most likely to have problems such as coughing, panting, episodes of bronchitis, and asthma. Vit
34、amins C and E, which are abundant in fruit and dark-green vegetables, may “protect the lung from stress,“ says Harvard research fellow and study leader Jane Burns. Omega-3 reduces inflammation, a key feature of asthma, in which airways swell and make breathing difficult. Oily fish like salmon, macke
35、rel, and tunaas well as cod-liver oilare rich in both omega-3 and vitamin D. Vitamin D can also be obtained from multivitamin milk and sunshineand many kids should be getting more of both. In another new study, researchers found that 55 percent of outwardly healthy children and teenagers they tested
36、 didn“t have enough vitamin D to grow healthy bones. Dark-skinned children were particularly likely to be short of the bone-building vitamin, according to Babette Zemel, an author of the study and director of the Nutrition and Growth Laboratory at Children“s Hospital of Philadelphia. The melanin(a n
37、atural dark brown colour in human skin, hair, and eyes)that makes their skin dark also blocks ultraviolet rays, which the body uses to make vitamin D. In winter, when the sun was weakest, more than 90 percent of blacks in the study were vitamin D deficient. Researchers suggest pointing kids outside,
38、 and waiting a few minutes before putting on sun block; 10 minutes of midday summer sun provides 10,000 international units of the vitaminmore than enough for a day. Like melanin, sunblock prevents the skin from making vitamin D, so a bit of lotion-free exposure is necessary to grab the benefit.（分数：
39、10.00）(1).What can we infer from the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Parents will always feed their children well.B.Kids who eat more are less likely to suffer from malnutrition.C.Kids should have access to diets of healthful nutrients.D.Deficiencies of certain compounds are harmful or even deadly.(2).Vi
40、tamin D deficiency will probably result in（分数：2.00）A.less bone fractures.B.dark-colored skins.C.suppressed immunity.D.inability to breathe.(3).The study on the relationship between diet and respiratory health is to verify that teens（分数：2.00）A.will fall ill for the lack of fruits or vegetables intake
41、.B.will be guarded against lung stress and other similar problems.C.are most likely to become the victims of respiratory illness.D.are not easily affected in terms of cough and asthma.(4).According to the text, dark-skinned kids are particularly short of vitamin D in that the dark skin（分数：2.00）A.has
42、 more melanin that consumes more vitamin D.B.absorbs more ultraviolet rays, thus killing the melanin.C.can only produce units of the vitamin when the sun was strong.D.has more melanin that blocks ultraviolet rays, reducing vitamin D production.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for t
43、he text?（分数：2.00）A.Kids Lacking in NutrientsB.Malnourished FamiliesC.More Sunblock, Less Vitamin DD.Health and NaturePerhaps the most ambitious long-term health study ever planned by the National Institutes of Health(NET)has been hit by a NASA style price shock: Once estimated at $3 Billion over 25
44、years, the actual cost could be twice that much. The problem became public last week at a Capitol Hill hearing on the NIH budget. Acting NIH Director Raynard Kington said he has launched a high-level review of the plan to track the health of 100,000 children from before birth to age 21 and that the
45、study will likely be scaled back. The National Children“s Study(NCS)grew out of a 2000 congressional directive to NIH to determine how environmental influences, from chemical contaminants to video games, shape the development of children and affect diseases such as autism and obesity. Researchers pl
46、an to recruit a diverse group of pregnant mothers at 105 sites around the United States by knocking on randomly selected doors. Congress provided $192 million in funding this year to set up the sites and launch a pilot study. Kington says he became concerned In early January after being informed of
47、his staffs latest cost projections. It was since then that Kington realized “there was a fundamental problem in estimating the true costs.“ In order to turn things around, Kington has now added “greatly heightened oversight.“ That includes asking Claude Lenfant, former director of the National Heart
48、, Lung, and Blood Institute, to return to NIH as his adviser on the study. NIH will also take a longer pause than originally planned after the 1-year pilot, which began in January at two of seven sites, to revise the protocol and reassess the costs. When trimming begins, Kington says he hopes the 10
49、0,000 sample size will be “the last thing“ considered for cuts. But the size, number of hypotheses, and the protocols are all on the table. Pediatrician Philip Landrigan, who helped conceive the NCS, hopes not to lose components such as in-home detailed assessments of each child“s development which are expensive. “We“re just waiting to see how this works out,“ says Landrigan, whose team has knocked on more than
