1、考研英语-试卷 183 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_It is an astonishing fact that there are laws of nature, rules that summarize conveni
2、ently (1)_ qualitatively but quantitatively-how the world works. We might (2)_ a universe in which there are no such laws, in which the 1080 elementary particles that (3)_ a universe like our own behave with utter and uncompromising abandon. To understand such a universe we would need a brain (4)_ a
3、s massive as the universe. It seems (5)_ that such a universe could have life and intelligence, because being and brains (6)_ some degree of internal stability and order. But (7)_ in a much more random universe there were such beings with an intelligence much (8)_ than our own, there could not be mu
4、ch knowledge, passion or joy. (9)_ for us, we live in a universe that has at least important parts that are knowable. Our common-sense experience and our evolutionary history have (10)_ us to understand something of the workaday world. When we go into other realms, however, common sense and ordinary
5、 intuition (11)_ highly unreliable guides. It is stunning that as we go close to the speed of light our mass (12)_ indefinitely, we shrink toward zero thickness (13)_ the direction of motion, and time for us comes as near to stopping as we would like. Many people think that this is silly, and every
6、week (14)_ I get a letter from someone who complains to me about it. But it is virtually certain consequence not just of experiment but also of Albert Einstein“s (15)_ analysis of space and time called the Special Theory of Relativity. It does not matter that these effects seem unreasonable to us. W
7、e are not (16)_ the habit of traveling close to the speed of light. The testimony of our common sense is suspect at high velocities. The idea that the world places restrictions on (17)_ humans might do is frustrating. Why shouldn“t we be able to have intermediate rotational positions? Why can“t we (
8、18)_ faster than the speed of light? But (19)_ we can tell, this is the way the universe is constructed. Such prohibitions not only (20)_ us toward a little humility; they also make the world more knowable.（分数：40.00）A.justB.veryC.just notD.not justA.seeB.thinkC.imagineD.believeA.makeB.make ofC.make
9、upD.make fromA.at leastB.at mostC.at lastD.at the costA.likelyB.unlikelyC.reallyD.unrealA.wantB.needC.requireD.acquireA.unlessB.untilC.ifD.even ifA.moreB.largerC.biggerD.greaterA.FortunatelyB.UnfortunatelyC.HappilyD.UnhappilyA.providedB.preparedC.armedD.got readyA.turn toB.turn onC.turn out to beD.t
10、urn away fromA.decreaseB.increasesC.reduceD.addA.inB.atC.withD.fromA.or twoB.and twoC.even twoD.of twoA.cleverB.wiseC.brilliantD.intelligentA.ofB.inC.withD.atA.thatB.whichC.matterD.whatA.goB.walkC.travelD.runA.ifB.unlessC.so farD.so far asA.pressB.haveC.makeD.entail二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：5
11、8.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The idea of humanoid robots is not new, of course. They have been part of the imaginative landscape ever since Karl Capek, a Czech writer, first d
12、reamed them up for his 1921 play “Rossum“s Universal Robots“. (The word “robot“ comes from the Czech word for drudgery, robota.) Since then, Hollywood has produced countless variations on the theme, from the sultry False Maria in Fritz Lang“s silent masterpiece “Metropolis“ to the wittering C-3PO in
13、 “Star Wars“ and the ruthless assassin of “Terminator“. Humanoid robots have walked into our collective subconscious, colouring our views of the future. But now Japan“s industrial giants are spending billions of yen to make such robots a reality. Their new humanoids represent impressive feats of eng
14、ineering: when Honda introduced Asimo, a four-foot robot that had been in development for some 15 years, it walked so fluidly that its white, articulated exterior seemed to conceal a human. Honda continues to make the machine faster, friendlier and more agile. Last October, when Asimo was inducted i
15、nto the Robot Hall of Fame in Pittsburgh, it walked on to the stage and accepted its own plaque. At two and a half feet tall, Sony“s QRIO is smaller and more toy-like than Asimo. It walks, understands a small number of voice commands, and can navigate on its own. If it falls over, it gets up and res
16、umes where it left off. It can even connect wirelessly to the Internet and broadcast what its camera eyes can see. In 2003, Sony demonstrated an upgraded QRIO that could run. Honda responded last December with a version of Asimo that runs at twice the speed. In 2004, Toyota joined the fray with its
17、own family of robots, called Partner, one of which is a four-foot humanoid that plays the trumpet. Its fingers work the instrument“s valves, and it has mechanical lungs and artificial lips. Toyota hopes to offer a commercial version of the robot by 2010. This month, 50 Partner robots will act as gui
18、des at Expo 2005 in Aichi, Japan. Despite their sudden proliferation, however, humanoids are still a mechanical minority. Most of the world“s robots are faceless, footless and mute. They are bolted to the floors of factories, stamping out car parts or welding pieces of metal, machines making more ma
19、chines. According to the United Nations, business orders for industrial robots jumped 18% in the first half of 2004. They may soon be outnumbered by domestic robots, such as self-navigating vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers and window washers, which are selling fast. But neither industrial nor domestic r
20、obots are humanoid.（分数：10.00）(1).In Paragraph I the author introduces his topic by relating_.（分数：2.00）A.the idea of humanoid robotsB.Karl Capek“s creation of robotsC.Hollywood“s production of robot filmsD.the origin of and popular films about robots(2).According to the author“s description, Asimo_.（
21、分数：2.00）A.is in the shape of a human beingB.is in a sort of animal formC.seems more like a human being than a machine in actionD.seems more like a machine than a human being in action(3).Sony“s QRIO could carry out all the following work EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.walking everywhere freelyB.understanding so
22、me words uttered by peopleC.finding its wayD.continuing walking after it stumbles(4).From the passage we may infer that the Toyota“s Partner_.（分数：2.00）A.is much better than. any other robotsB.is no more than a mechanic deviceC.may be put into mass productionD.may speak like a man(5).Judging from the
23、 context, this passage is probably written_.（分数：2.00）A.in 2004B.in 2005C.between 2003-2004D.between 2004-2005If you are what you eat, then you are also what you buy to eat. And mostly what people buy is scrawled onto a grocery list, those ethereal scraps of paper that record the shorthand of where w
24、e shop and how we feed ourselves. Most grocery lists end up in the garbage. But if you live in St. Louis, they might have a half-life you never imagined: as a cultural document, posted on the Internet. For the past decade, Bill Keaggy, 33, the features photo editor at The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, ha
25、s been collecting grocery lists and since 1999 has been posting them online at www.grocerylists.org. The collection, which now numbers more than 500 lists, is strangely addictive. The lists elicit twofold curiosity-about the kind of meal the person was planning and the kind of person who would make
26、such a meal. What was the shopper with vodka, lighters, milk and ice cream on his list planning to do with them? In what order would they be consumed? Was it a he or a she? Who had written “Tootie food, kitten chow, bird food stick, toaster scrambles, coffee drinks“? Some shoppers organize their lis
27、ts by aisle; others start with dairy, go to cleaning supplies and then back to dairy before veering off to Home Depot. A few meticulous ones note the price of every item. One shopper had written in large letters on an envelope, simply, “Milk.“ The thin lines of ink and pencil jutting and looping acr
28、oss crinkled and torn pieces of paper have a purely graphic beauty. One of life“s most banal duties, viewed through the curatorial lens, can somehow seem pregnant with possibility. It can even appear poetic, as in the list that reads “meat, cigs, buns, treats.“ One thing Keaggy discovered is that Da
29、n Quayle is not alone-few people can spell bananas and bagels, let alone potato. One list calls for “suchi“ and “strimp.“ “Some people pass judgment on the things they buy,“ Keaggy says. At the end of one list, the shopper wrote “Bud Light“ and then “good beer.“ Another scribbled “good loaf of white
30、 bread.“ Some pass judgment on themselves, like the shopper who wrote “read, stay home or go somewhere, I act like my mom, go to Kentucky, underwear, lemon.“ People send messages to one another, too. Buried in one list is this statement: “If you buy more rice, I“ll punch you.“ And plenty of shoppers
31、, like the one with both ice cream and diet pills on the list, reveal their vices.（分数：10.00）(1).What would people usually do with their grocery list after shopping?（分数：2.00）A.Buying what it is scrawled on the paper.B.Recording the shorthand of where we shop.C.Throwing it into the dustbin.D.Posting i
32、t on the Internet.(2).Bill Keaggy collects grocery lists because_.（分数：2.00）A.he wants to post them onlineB.he is curious about the list writersC.he tries to find out something behind themD.he does it for amusement(3).Was it a he or a she?(Para. 2) may be replaced by_.（分数：2.00）A.Who did it?B.Who was
33、the person that wrote it?C.Did he or she write it?D.Was it written by a man or a woman?(4).Bill Keaggy“s studying on grocery lists suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.Dan Quayle is not alone in misspellingB.fewer people can spell bananas and bagels correctlyC.misspelling occurs most frequently in writing “pot
34、ato“D.some people misspell “sushi“ for “suchi“, and “shrimp“ for “strimp“(5).The last sentence of the passage implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.ice cream and diet pills reveal one“s vicesB.ice cream and diet pills are not good foodC.plenty of shoppers do not buy their right groceryD.one“s defects in characte
35、r may be reflected on the grocery listWell, he made it up. All of it, apparently. According to a report published on December 29th by Seoul National University in South Korea, its erstwhile employee Hwang Woo-suk, who had tendered his resignation six days earlier, deliberately falsified his data in
36、the paper on human embryonic stem cells that he and 24 colleagues published in Science in May 2005. In particular, Dr Hwang claimed he had created 11 colonies of human embryonic stem cells genetically matched to specific patients. He had already admitted that nine of these were bogus, but had said t
37、hat this was the result of an honest mistake, and that the other two were still the real McCoy. A panel of experts appointed by the university to investigate the matter, however, disagreed. They found that DNA fingerprint traces conducted on the stem-cell lines reported in the paper had been manipul
38、ated to make it seem as if all 11 lines were tailored to specific patients. In fact, none of them matched the volunteers with spinal-cord injuries and diabetes who had donated skin cells for the work. To obtain his promising “results“, Dr Hwang had sent for testing two samples from each donor, rathe
39、r than a sample from the donor and a sample of the cells into which the donor“s DNA had supposedly been transplanted. The panel also found that a second claim in the paper-that only 185 eggs were used to create the 11 stem-cell lines-was false. The investigators said the actual number of eggs used w
40、as far larger, in the thousands, although they were unable to determine an exact figure. The reason this double fraud is such a blow is that human embryonic stem-cell research has great expectations. Stem cells, which have not yet been programmed to specialise and can thus, in principle, grow into a
41、ny tissue or organ, could be used to treat illnesses ranging from diabetes to Parkinson“s disease. They might even be able to fix spinal-cord injuries. And stem cells cloned from a patient would not be rejected as foreign by his immune system, Dr Hwang“s reputation, of course, is in tatters. The uni
42、versity is now investigating two other groundbreaking experiments he claims to have conducted-the creation of the world“s first cloned human embryo and the extraction of stem cells from it, and the creation of the world“s first cloned dog. He is also in trouble for breaching ethical guidelines by us
43、ing eggs donated by members of his research team. And it is even possible that the whole farce may have been for nothing. Cloned embryos might be the ideal source of stem cells intended to treat disease, but if it proves too difficult to create them, a rough-and-ready alternative may suffice.（分数：10.
44、00）(1).From the passage we may learn that Hwang Woo-suk_.（分数：2.00）A.made up all his experienceB.is a famous geneticist in Seoul National UniversityC.was an employee in Seoul National UniversityD.published an authentic paper in Science with his 24 colleagues(2).According to the panel of experts appoi
45、nted by the university, Hwang“s case is_.（分数：2.00）A.a mistake of carelessB.the result of an honest mistakeC.a dishonest experimentD.a deliberated fabrication(3).The significance of embryonic stem-cell research lies in_.（分数：2.00）A.great expectationsB.planting into any tissue or organC.the treatment f
46、or a lot of human diseasesD.curing diabetes and Parkinson“s disease(4).The phrase “in tatters“ (Line 1, Para. 5) may be replaced by_.（分数：2.00）A.in dangerB.in despairC.in a ragged stateD.totally ruined(5).The best title for the passage may be_.（分数：2.00）A.Hwang is Found Guilty of Fabricating His Resul
47、tsB.How a Stem-cell Researcher Fabricates His ResultsC.The Consequence of a Made-up ExperimentD.Hwang Woo-suk“s ResignationAccording to studies cited by the National Eating Disorders Association, 42 percent of girls in first through third grade want to be thinner, 81 percent of 10-year-olds are afra
48、id of being fat, and 51 percent of 9-and 10-year-old girls feel better about themselves if they are on a diet. In many ways, this fixation on weight at ever earlier ages comes at an inopportune time physiologically. At a recent Hadassah meeting at the Woodlands Community Temple in White Plains, Dr. Maxcie Schneider, the director of adolescent medicine at Greenwich Hospital, and Erica Leon, a registered dietitian, spoke about early adolescence as a time when a little bit of pudgi
