1、考研英语模拟试卷 183及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Operating a single currency is not going to be easy. European economic and (1)_ union will not function (2)_ hitches. (3)_, signs o
2、f (4)_ have already appeared. And these political, economic and social pressures will almost certainly (5)_ in the years to come. (6)_ EMU failure is a topic generally (7)_ in continental Europe. And for good reason. The (8)_ of monetary union would almost certainly slam the European Union (9)_ poli
3、tical (10)_ and the world into (11)_ crisis. “It would be almost as bad as a (12)_ in Europe,“ says Uwe Angenendt, chief economist (13)_ BHF-Bank in Frankfurt. The (14)_ contend EMU failure is not possible. They (15)_ insist that the political (16)_ in Europe for monetary union is simply (17)_ stron
4、g to allow (18)_ to fail. But they (19)_ a simple fact: European (20)_ concocted monetary union, and therefore they can unconcoct it. （ A） monetary （ B） political （ C） cultural （ D） commercial （ A） upon （ B） without （ C） by （ D） through （ A） Therefore （ B） However （ C） Consequently （ D） Indeed （ A）
5、stress （ B） promise （ C） prosperity （ D） relief （ A） simplify （ B） divert （ C） transform （ D） intensify （ A） Thus （ B） As a result （ C） But （ D） So （ A） enlightened （ B） avoided （ C） highlighted （ D） surveyed （ A） survival （ B） recovery （ C） collapse （ D） boom （ A） into （ B） with （ C） off （ D） on （
6、A） chaos （ B） treaty （ C） alliance （ D） zeal （ A） business （ B） military （ C） financial （ D） economic （ A） crime （ B） war （ C） harassment （ D） hardship （ A） near （ B） to （ C） into （ D） at （ A） economists （ B） speculators （ C） optimists （ D） investors （ A） hesitantly （ B） constantly （ C） fervently （
7、D） ambiguously （ A） will （ B） harm （ C） doubt （ D） inquiry （ A） fairly （ B） too （ C） much （ D） enough （ A） its （ B） them （ C） it （ D） they （ A） overlook （ B） confirm （ C） fabricate （ D） quote （ A） preachers （ B） scholars （ C） custodians （ D） politicians Part A Directions: Read the following four tex
8、ts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 All that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements. This does not mean that we can sit down today and outline the future course of the universe with anything like certainty. Ther
9、e are still too many things we do not know about the way the universe is put together. But we do know exactly what information we need to fill in our knowledge, and we have a pretty good idea of how to go about getting it. Perhaps the best way to think of our present situation is to imagine a train
10、coming into a switchyard. All of the switches are set before the train arrives, so that its path is completely determined. Some switches we can see, others we cannot. There is no ambiguity if we can see the setting of a switch: we can say with confidence that some possible futures will not materiali
11、ze and others will. At the unseen switches, however, there is no such certainty. We know the train will take one of the tracks leading out, but we have no idea which one. The unseen switches are the true decision points in the future, and what happens when we arrive at them determines the entire sub
12、sequent course of events. When we think about the future of the universe, we can see our “track“ many billions of years into the future, but after that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider. The goal of science is to reduce the ambiguity at the decision points and
13、 find the true road that will be followed. 21 According to the passage, it is difficult to be certain about the distant future of the universe because we _. （ A） have too many conflicting theories （ B） do not have enough funding to continue our research （ C） are not sure how the universe is put toge
14、ther （ D） have focused our investigations on the moon and planets 22 What does the author see as the function of the universes unseen “switches“? （ A） They tell us which one of the tracks the universe will use. （ B） They enable us to alter the course of the universe. （ C） They give us information ab
15、out the lunar surface. （ D） They determine which course the universe will take in the future. 23 For whom is the author probably writing this passage? （ A） Train engineers. （ B） General audiences. （ C） Professors of statistics. （ D） Young children. 24 Which of the following statements best describes
16、 the organization of the passage? （ A） A statement illustrated by an analogy. （ B） A hypothesis supported by documentation. （ C） A comparison of two contrasting theories. （ D） A critical analysis of a common assumption. 25 The word “track“ in the last paragraph most probably means _. （ A） ways of li
17、fe （ B） marks of cars （ C） orbits of planets （ D） a course for racing. 26 In science fiction there is to be found the recurrent theme of the omniscient computer which ultimately takes over the ordering of human life and affairs. Is this possible? I believe is it not: but also believe that the argume
18、nts commonly advanced to refute this possibility are the wrong ones. First it is often said that computers “do not really think“. This I submit is nonsense: if computers do not think, then nor do human beings. For how do I define the process of thinking? I present data say, an examination paper to a
19、 student, which he scans with a photoelectric organ we call an “eye“, the computer scans its data with a photoelectric organ we call a “tape-reader“. There is then a period when nothing obvious happens, through electroencephalogram for the student. Lastly, information based on the data is transcribe
20、d by means of a mechanical organ called a “hand“ by the student and a “teleprinter“ by the computer. In other words, the actions of man and machine differ only in the appliances they use. Secondly, it is said that computers “only do what they are told“, that they have to be programmed for every comp
21、utation they undertake. But I do not believe that I was born with an innate ability to solve quadratic equations or to identify common members of the Britain flora: I, too, had to be programmed for these activities, but I happened to call my programmers by different names, such as “schoolteacher“, “
22、lecture“ or “professor“. Lastly, we are told that computers, unlike human beings, cannot interpret their own results. But interpretation is always of one set of information in the light of another set of information: it consists simply of finding the joint pattern in two sets of data. The mathematic
23、s of doing this is cumbersome but well known; the computer would be perfectly willing to do the job if asked. 26 What is the authors attitude towards “the recurrent theme of the omniscient computer“ which will ultimately take over the ordering of human life and affairs? （ A） He supports it. （ B） He
24、shows his objection. （ C） Not definitely expressed. （ D） He shows ambivalence. 27 In the passage, the author _. （ A） agrees to the three arguments （ B） demonstrates the three arguments with more evidence （ C） is against the three arguments （ D） explains the three arguments more clearly 28 According
25、to the author, as far as “thinking“ is concerned, computer is different from human beings in the fact that _. （ A） computer can not think （ B） computer is smarter and quicker than man （ C） they use different organs （ D） man actually is not able to think as a computer does 29 What does the last parag
26、raph mean? （ A） Interpretation is no more than a set of information. （ B） The ability of interpretation is not a superiority of man over computer. （ C） Interpretation can be done in a clumsy mathematical way. （ D） Computer is willing to do any interpretation required. 30 What is the authors best int
27、ention in writing this passage? （ A） To show computer is as intelligent as man. （ B） To show man is no better than computer. （ C） To show human life and affairs will be taken over by computers. （ D） To illustrate what kind of mistake people make in refuting the possibility that computers will contro
28、l the life of human beings. 31 It is usual to classify types of production as job production, batch production and flow production. In job production, products are supplied to the special requirements of a customer, and the whole project is undertaken as one operation which is completed before passi
29、ng, on to the next. A good example of this kind of work is shipbuilding. In job production a single item is produced at a time, whereas in batch production a number of similar items are produced in order to meet a continuing sales demand Batch sizes vary, but the quantity which is produced amounts t
30、o more than immediate requirements, and the surplus production is stored. Finally, in flow production, the manufacture of a product proceeds from one operation to another at a planned rate of output. It is argued that the type of production method which is employed depends on the development of an i
31、ndividual company. That. is to say, many factories begin manufacturing on a job production basis and proceed, as the volume of production increases, to batch and flow production methods. This is not always the case, however, since the type of production is not necessarily determined by the product v
32、olume which is aimed at. In fact, in the car industry, tools are produced by jobbing methods, components are produced by batch methods, and the final product is assembled by flow methods. Flow production is associated with flow layouts, whereas job and batch production are associated with process la
33、youts. In a process layout, machines of a similar type are grouped together in the same section of the factory, and work in progress is moved from one part of the factory to another. In a flow layout scheme, the manufacturing equipment is arranged in the same sequence as the operations performed on
34、the product. Each of these operations must be capable of processing work at the rate required for assembly of the final product, and the output for each operation must be balanced in order to provide a smooth flow of work. There are advantages in both types of layout. In a process layout system ther
35、e is more flexibility, and a greater specialization of machines and labour is possible, while in a flow layout system it is not necessary to maintain a high level of stocks or to demand great skill in the workforce. 31 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? （ A） Job production. （ B）
36、 Flower production. （ C） Batch. （ D） Flow production. 32 In paragraph 1, “this kind of work“ refers to _. （ A） batch production （ B） flow production （ C） mass production （ D） job production 33 The production method is not dependent on the size of a company because different products can _. （ A） be d
37、isplayed at different locations （ B） be produced by different production methods （ C） be designed by different specialists （ D） be sold at different markets 34 According to the passage, one advantage of flow production is _. （ A） too much flexibility （ B） high level of stocks needed （ C） particular
38、machinery （ D） little specialisation of labour 35 Which of the following statements is true about this passage? （ A） Process layouts are appropriate to both job and batch production. （ B） Job production is aimed at producing several items at a time. （ C） A single product requires a single production
39、 method. （ D） The production methods depend on individual company development. 36 Until recently, most American entrepreneurs(企业家 ) were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small.
40、Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1980s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s was the decade of women entering managemen
41、t, and the 1980s has turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur.“ What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive suites.
42、Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard, they could become chairman of the board. Now theyve found out that isnt going to happen, so they go out on their own.“ In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in “womens“ field
43、s cosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product w
44、as software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the companys cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional
45、 programs. When these were marketed and sold. ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock. Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising mo
46、ney; the Banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead. 36 All of the following were mentioned in the passage as
47、 prejudices against women in the business world EXCEPT _. （ A） women were not trained in business （ B） women lacked ability to work in business （ C） women were required to stay at home with their families （ D） women face discrimination in business 37 The author mentions the “shoebox under the bed“ i
48、n the third paragraph in order to _. （ A） point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzigs business were limited （ B） show the resourcefulness of Sandra Kurtzig （ C） suggest that the company need to expand （ D） show the disadvantage of women in business 38 The word “hurdles“ in Pa
49、ragraph 4 can be best replaced by _. （ A） small groups （ B） questions （ C） fences （ D） obstacles 39 The main idea of this passage is that _. （ A） women are better at small businesses than men are （ B） women today are better educated than in the past, making them more attractive to the business world （ C） women today are opening more businesses of their own （ D） the computer business is especially attractive for women today 40 The last se
