1、考研英语-试卷 196及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The small size of the components of computer chips has proved unstoppable. In each new
2、 (1)_, those components are smaller and more tightly packed than they were in their predecessor. (2)_ has been so rapid that chip designers are (3)_ apparently fundamental barriers to further reductions in size and increases in density. In a small size version of the (4)_ to wireless communication i
3、n the macroscopic world, a group of researchers led by Alain Nogaret, think they can make chips (5)_ components talk to each other wirelessly. The researchers (6)_ to use the standard print techniques employed in chipmaking to coat a semiconductor with tiny magnets. These magnets will (7)_ local mag
4、netic fields that point in opposite directions at different points (8)_ the chip“s surface. Electrons have a (9)_ called spinthat is affected by magnetic fields, and the team hopes to use a/an (10)_ called inverse electron-spin vibration to make electrons (11)_ the chip emit microwaves. Dr. Nogaret
5、imagine great advances that would stem (12)_ the success of his work, and these are not (13)_ to the possibility of packing components yet more tightly. In today“s chips, the failure of a single connection can put the whole circuit out of (14)_. This should not happen with a wireless system (15)_ it
6、 could be programmed to re-route signals. The project will not be (16)_ sailing. Generating microwaves powerful enough to (17)_ data reliably will (18)_ involve stacking several layers of magnets and semiconductors together and encouraging the electrons in them to move in a harmonious union. But if
7、it (19)_, a whole new wireless world will be (20)_.（分数：40.00）A.relationB.considerationC.informationD.generationA.ProgressB.CongressC.DecreaseD.ProgramA.approachingB.approachC.approachedD.approachesA.visitB.shiftC.trendD.finishA.whomB.whatC.whoseD.whichA.manageB.turnC.intendD.likeA.generateB.discover
8、C.makeD.growA.inB.onC.underD.behindA.realityB.opportunityC.prosperityD.propertyA.instrumentB.actionC.effectD.researchA.passing byB.passing onC.passing awayD.passing throughA.forB.fromC.ofD.toA.confinedB.contractedC.convictedD.contactedA.actionB.relationC.processionD.possessionA.whileB.andC.becauseD.
9、thereforeA.easyB.plainC.directD.casualA.transformB.transportC.transmitD.transactA.mainlyB.entirelyC.absolutelyD.probablyA.operatesB.worksC.startsD.goesA.opened upB.come upC.turned upD.gone up二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the follow
10、ing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._For the past two years in Silicon Valley, the centre of America“s technology industry, conference-goers have entertained themselves playing a guessing game: how many times will a speaker mention the phrase “long tail“? It
11、 is usually a high number, thanks to the influence of the long-tail theory, which was first developed by Chris Anderson, the editor of Wired magazine, in an article in 2004. Though technologists and bloggers chuckle at how every business presentation now has to have its long-tail section, most are e
12、nvious of Mr. Anderson, whose brainwave quickly became the most fashionable business idea around. Whether a blockbuster film, a bestselling novel, or a chart-topping rap song, popular culture idolises the hit. Companies devote themselves to creating them because the cost of distribution and the limi
13、ts of shelf space in physical shops mean that profitability depends on a high volume of sales. But around the beginning of this century a group of internet companies realised that with endless shelves and a national or even international audience online they could offer a huge range of productsand m
14、ake money at the same time. The niche, the obscure and the specialist, Mr. Anderson argues, will gain ground at the expense of the hit. As evidence, he points to a drop in the number of companies that traditionally calculate their revenue/sales ratio according to the 80/20 rulewhere the top fifth of
15、 products contribute four-fifths of revenues. Ecast, a San Francisco digital jukebox company, found that 98% of its 10000 albums sold at least one track every three months. Expressed in the language of statistics, the experiences of Ecast and other companies such as Aragon, an online bookseller, sug
16、gest that products down in the long tail of a statistical distribution, added together, can be highly profitable. The internet helps people find their way to relatively obscure material with recommendations and reviews by other people, (and for those willing to have their artistic tastes predicted b
17、y a piece of software) computer programs which analyse past selections. Long-tail enthusiasts argue that the whole of culture will benefit, not just commercial enterprises. Television, film and music are such bewitching media in their own right that many people are quite happy to watch and listen to
18、 what the mainstream provides. But if individuals have the opportunity to pick better, more ideally suited entertainment from a far wider selection, they will take it, according to the theory of the long tail. Some analysts reckon that entire populations might become happier and wiser once they have
19、 access to thousands of documentaries, independent films and subgenres of every kind of music, instead of being subjected to what Mr. Anderson calls the tyranny of lowest-common-denominator fare. That might be taking things a bit far. But the long tail is certainly one of the internet“s better gifts
20、 to humanity.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph the author mentioned the conference-goers“ guessing game, he wants to show _.（分数：2.00）A.it is usually a high number that speakers mentioned the phrase “long tail“.B.the enormous influence of the long-tail theory.C.conference-goers liked to entertain
21、themselves playing the game.D.Chris Anderson was the first who developed “long tail“.(2).Which word is most similar to “blockbuster“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) in meaning?（分数：2.00）A.Bomb-like.B.Unpopular.C.High profit.D.Bestselling.(3).Which of the following statements is lure?（分数：2.00）A.Only the interne
22、t can help people find more way to relatively obscure material.B.80/20 rule is disproved by long-tail theory.C.Statistical distribution in the long tail can be highly profitable.D.The internet is a support point of long-tail theory.(4).Who will be benefited the least according to the theory?（分数：2.00
23、）A.Sub-genre media.B.Big companies.C.Whole of culture.D.Individuals.(5).What“s the main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Chris Anderson and his “Long-tail“.B.Prevalence of “Long-tail“.C.What is Long-tail?D.Long-tail and Internet.As with many a grown-up sporting star, the first hint of greatness came
24、at an early age for Lewis Hamilton. As an eight-year-old at his first kart race, he charged “more like a mature driver than a novice“, remembers Martin Hines, owner of the Zip Kart racing company. Scything his way through the field just outside London, Hamilton had a confident style that seemed diff
25、erent from normal rookies, Hines says. “There was a little spark about him“. Now 22, and in his debut season in Formula Onehe became the first black driver to make it onto the grid in motor racing“s blue-ribbon championship. His success and profile that have earned young Hamilton comparisons with ot
26、her sporting greats. His colorHamilton“s grandfather came to Britain from Grenada in the 50sand the positive influence of his father, Anthony, have drawn parallels with Tiger Woods. Hamilton acknowledges that his participation could stoke interest among ethnic groups who may not be into the sport no
27、w. “Hopefully people that can relate to me will see that it“s possible and also try to get into the sport“, he told the BBC. Moreover, his youth, good looks and wholesome image are also likely to get marketers fired up. Countless more karting titles followed before 2001. He “made seasoned drivers lo
28、ok silly“, says Tony Shaw, Hamilton“s then team manager at Manor Motorsport. Hamilton“s raw, natural speed and canny race craft nudged him closer to the big leagues. Hamilton“s “understanding of when and where to overtake and how to take advantage of a situation is very advanced“, Shaw says. At his
29、first crack at GP2, the training ground for Formula One, Hamilton dominated the 2006 season with a series of blistering drives on his way to the title. Hamilton is “not worried about showing or doing what he“s used to doing just because it“s Formula One“, says Hill. For many new drivers, “that“s an
30、enormous hurdle“. With the retirement last year of seven-time world champion Michael Schumacher, there“s one less rival for Hamilton to negotiate. And Hamilton is certainly not short on confidence. When he first met Ron Dennisnow his Formula One team bossas a 10-year-old in a borrowed suit, Hamilton
31、 promptly told him he wanted to drive for McLaren. Three years later, he joined the team“s support program for promising young drivers. But, say former team managers, he“s ready to listen and learn when things go wrong. Hamilton has a rare “capacity to question himselfto analyze very clearly after a
32、 race“, says Frederic Vasseur, general manager at the ART Grand Prix team behind Hamilton“s GP2 championship. As for whether he“ll become the Tiger Woods of the sport, it“s too early to know whether he can live up to those standards. But for now, his fans are bullish. Damon Hill was the last British
33、 driver to take the world crown. And it“s Hamilton, Hill says, “who looks likely to be the next“.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from the first paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.Lewis Hamilton seemed different from normal rookies because of his racing gift.B.Lewis Hamilton is always confident since he is an ei
34、ght-year-old.C.Lewis Hamilton grows up in British.D.Lewis Hamilton was much better than peer drivers.(2).Which is the most important reason why Lewis Hamilton “parallels with Tiger Woods“?（分数：2.00）A.Both of them first hint their greatness at an early age.B.Hamilton“s grandfather came to Britain from
35、 Grenada in the 50s, the positive influence of his father and his color.C.Both of them can get market fire up.D.Both of them have large influence on many kinds of ethnic groups to participate in sports and society.(3).Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Why
36、Hamilton is closer to the big leagues is his raw, natural speed and canny race craft.B.Hamilton is flexible at when and where in racing track.C.Retirement of Michael Schumacher is beneficial to Hamilton.D.Hamilton“s capacity to question himself is the only reason of his success.(4).Which word is mos
37、t similar in meaning to “bullish“ (Line 2, Last paragraph)?（分数：2.00）A.Optimistic.B.Foolish.C.Obstinate.D.Fevered.(5).Which one is the best title of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Lewis Hamilton: A Rising Sport StarB.Lewis Hamilton: The Tiger Woods of Racing?C.Lewis Hamilton: Motor Racing“s First Black Drive
38、rD.Lewis Hamilton: A Super Motor Racing DriverThe American screen has long been a smoky place, at least since 1942“s Now, Voyager, in which Bette Davis and Paul Henreid showed how to make and seal a romantic deal over a pair of cigarettes that were smoldering as much as the stars. Today cigarettes a
39、re more common on screen than at any other time since midcentury: 75% of all Hollywood filmsincluding 36% of those rated G or PGshow tobacco use, according to a 2006 survey by the University of California, San Francisco. Audiences, especially kids, are taking notice. Two recent studies, published in
40、 Lancet and Pediatrics, have found that among children as young as 10, those exposed to the most screen smoking are up to 2.7 times as likely as others to pick up the habit. Worse, it“s the ones from nonsmoking homes who are hit the hardest. Now the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH)the folks be
41、hind the designated-driver campaignare pushing to get the smokes off the screen. “Some movies show kids up to 14 incidents of smoking per hour“, says Barry Bloom, HSPH“s dean. “We“re in the business of preventing disease, and cigarettes are the No. 1 preventable cause“. Harvard long believed that ge
42、tting cigarettes out of movies could have as powerful an effect, but it wouldn“t be easy. Cigarette makers had a history of striking product-placement deals with Hollywood, and while the 1998 tobacco settlement prevents that, nothing stops directors from incorporating smoking into scenes on their ow
43、n. In 1999 Harvard began holding one-on-one meetings with studio execs trying to change that, and last year the Motion Picture Association of America flung the door open, inviting Bloom to make a presentation in February to all the studios. Harvard“s advice was direct: Get the butts entirely out, or
44、 at least make smoking unappealing. A few films provide a glimpse of what a no-smoking or low-smoking Hollywood would be like. Producer Lindsay Doran, who once helped persuade director John Hughes to keep Ferris Bueller smoke-free in the 1980s hit, wanted to do the same for the leads of her 2006 mov
45、ie Stranger Than Fiction. When a writer convinced her that the character played by Emma Thompson had to smoke, Doran relented, but from the way Thompson hacks her way through the film and snuffs out her cigarettes in a palmful of spit, it“s clear the glamour“s gone. And remember all the smoking in T
46、he Devil Wears Prada? No? That“s because the producers of that film kept it out entirelyeven in a story that travels from the US fashion world to Paris, two of the most tobacco-happy places on earth. “No one smoked in that movie“, says Doran, “and no one noticed“. Such movies are hardly the rule, bu
47、t the pressure is growing. Like smokers, studios may conclude that quitting the habit is not just a lot healthier but also a lot smarter.（分数：10.00）(1).Why the author mentioned Now, Voyager?（分数：2.00）A.Smoke on screen can make romance.B.To show American screen was full of cigarette smoke.C.To explain
48、why cigarettes are easier to get than past.D.The romantic Hollywood movie is a typical example of smoky screen.(2).What“s the author“s purpose of the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.To show audiences are easy to be influenced by smoky movies.B.To show 10-year-old kids are the most dangerous group to pick up the habit by screen smoking.C.To show smoking cinematic version give the worst influence to nonsmoking homes“ kids.D.To show why should we prevent cigarettes on screen.(3).It“s hard to get cigarettes out of Hollywood because _
