1、考研英语-试卷 57 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_It has been a hundred years since the last big one in California, the 1906 San Francis
2、co earth quake, which helped give (1)_ to modem earthquake science. A century later, we have a highly successful (2)_, called plate tectonics, that explains why 1906-type earthquakes happenalong with why continents drift, mountains rise, and volcanoes (3)_ the Pacific Rim. Plate tectonics may be one
3、 of the (4)_ triumphs of the human mind, geology“s (5)_ to biology“s theory of evolution. And yet scientists still can“t say when an earthquake will happen. They can“t even come (6)_. What scientists can do right now is make good maps of fault zones and (7)_ out which ones are probably due (8)_ a ru
4、pture. And they can make forecasts. A forecast might say that, over a certain number of years, there is a certain (9)_ of a certain magnitude earthquake in a (10)_ spot. And that you should fix your house to its foundation and glue the water heater to the wall. Turning forecasts into predictions“a m
5、agnitude 7 earthquake is (11)_ here three days from now“may be impossible, but scientists are doing everything they can to solve the (12)_ of earth quakes. They break rocks in laboratories, studying how stone (13)_ under stress. They hike (14)_ ghost forests where dead trees (15)_ of long-ago tsunam
6、is. They make maps of unsecured, balanced rocks to see where the ground has (16)_ in the past and how hard. They dig ditches across faults, searching for the active trace. They have wired up fault zones with so many sensors it is (17)_ the Earth is a patient (18)_ intensive care. (19)_, we tell ours
7、elvestrying hard to be persuasivethere must be some way to (20)_ order and criterion on all that untrustworthy ground.（分数：40.00）A.birthB.riseC.groundD.wayA.impressionB.conceptionC.judgmentD.theoryA.rangeB.neighborC.lineD.borderA.signatureB.signalC.significanceD.significationA.responseB.replyC.retort
8、D.answerA.nearB.tightC.nearbyD.closeA.countB.putC.figureD.layA.toB.forC.inD.ofA.feasibilityB.likelihoodC.likenessD.assumptionA.givenB.takenC.extendedD.engagedA.expectedB.remainedC.welcomedD.reservedA.mythsB.secretsC.mysteriesD.puzzlesA.behavesB.performsC.presentsD.treatsA.byB.acrossC.throughD.amongA
9、.tellB.speakC.sayD.talkA.quiveredB.shiveredC.trembledD.shakenA.even ifB.as thoughC.in generalD.so thatA.withB.inC.atD.overA.SurelyB.InsteadC.HoweverD.AdditionallyA.composeB.exposeC.imposeD.oppose二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the fo
10、llowing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The clock tower looks out over a 38-hectare campus graced by an ornamental lake and a pillared central hall. Add a little ivy and it could be almost any respected seat of learning in the West. Only the hemisphere is w
11、rong. This is Ningbo campus of Nottingham University in China“s Zhejiang province, half a world away from its British home. Teaching is in English, the first language of the staff. Last year the college, a joint venture with a Chinese enterprise, opened its doors to 900 local students looking for an
12、 international education without leaving home. Within five years their numbers are forecast to reach 4,000. Say Nottingham University provost Ina Gow: “Why go all the way to Britain when you can study in China at half the price?“ Good question. International education is now a global industry worth
13、$30 billion a year, with some 2 million students studying abroad, a figure that“s forecast to treble by 2020. In particular, the surging economies of India and China are producing far more would-be graduates than their own colleges can accommodate. But preferences are changing fast as thrifty studen
14、ts give up their traditional favorites in the West and choose to stay closer to home. That means a change in strategy for recruit-hungry colleges and governments. Says Andreas Schleicher, an education expert at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, “The real international dimens
15、ion is that we no longer move students around the world; we move the providers and contents instead.“ It doesn“t take a Ph. D to spot the trends. The United States still attracts more than a quarter of all overseas students, but its market share is slipping. Britain, in the second slot, saw the numb
16、er of applicants from China dip by 20 percent last year. Factors include expense and tighter entry regulation. The United States last year relaxed some of its controls but not before losing some of the rich student business from the Middle East. British universities are complaining loudly at the gov
17、ernment“s decision to double the price of a student visa. The big beneficiaries are back in the East, close to home for Indian and Chinese students. With generous state help, Australian colleges now attract 9 percent of overseas students, after a decade of double-digit increases. Australians“ goal:
18、560, 000 foreign studentsalmost three times today“s figureby 2025, with Asians accounting for some 70 percent of the total. What“s good for the colleges is also good for the national accounts. International education now ranks as Australia“s fourth largest source of export dollars after coal, touris
19、m and iron ore.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer that the key feature of Ningbo campus of Nottingham University is that（分数：2.00）A.it has a western style campus.B.it charges half the price of Nottingham University.C.it provides similar education as in Nottingham.D.it is a joint venture with a Chinese enterp
20、rise.(2).Students choose to stay closer to home mainly because of（分数：2.00）A.their fear of homesickness.B.the surging economy of their home country.C.the changing pattern of world education.D.their personal economic reason.(3).According to Andreas Schleicher, the trends of education is that（分数：2.00）A
21、.students will choose to study in their own country.B.Western countries still have strong attraction for students.C.Australia will surpass the U.S. and Britain in the market share.D.Universities will be more active in suiting the needs of students.(4).What has happened to the U.S. and Britain in ter
22、ms of overseas students?（分数：2.00）A.The U.S. stays firmly as No. 1 choice for students.B.Britain raised by 20 percent its overseas students last year.C.Both countries forecast a rise in the student number.D.Both countries are losing their market share.(5).What can we infer from the last paragraph?（分数
23、：2.00）A.Australia might become No. 1 in international education.B.Australia will continue to benefit from international education.C.Student number in Australia is forecast to treble by 2020.D.Australia will become the first choice for Asians.Jeffrey Sachs is a macroeconomist by training, an expert i
24、n the vagaries of business cycles and international finance. But give the man l0 minutes onstage, and a scholarly symposium starts to feel like a revival meeting. “Let me take you to Malawi,“ he urges a typical audience, leaning into the microphone and lowering his voice. Like most countries in sout
25、hern Africa, Malawi has Seen ravaged by AIDS for two decades. One adult in seven is HIV-positive, and some 2 million children have been orphaned. But instead of hurling numbers at his listeners, Sachs transports them to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, a site he visited this year while
26、traveling with the rock star Bono. At one end of the facility is a small outpatient clinic where people who can pay $1 a day receive life-sustaining AIDS drugs. “They take the medicine and they get better,“ Sachs declares. “They return to work. They go back to care for their children.“ Unfortunately
27、, $1 a day is nearly twice what a typical Malawian lives on. So most AIDS patients end up in wards like the one just down the hall from the outpatient clinic. “ladies and gentlemen“, Sachs tells the now hushed hall, “this plague is exploding. Its consequences will make the world quake. Rich countrie
28、s could stop the devastation. And most are still looking away.“ Sachs is not the first to sound this alarm, but he speaks with special authority. As the newly appointed director of Columbia University“s Earth Institute, he heads a huge, interdisciplinary effort to help poor countries build sustainab
29、le economies. Instead of treating climate change, epidemic disease and social upheaval as distinct phenomena, the institute“s 800 scientists study the links among such problemsand work to translate their insights into action. Sachs also chairs blue-ribbon panels for the World Health Organization, ad
30、vises U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan on development issues and circles the globe pleading with policymakers to support the Global Fund to Fight AIDS. In the coming year he“ll help seed new treatment-and-prevention programs throughout Asia and Africa. From Sachs“s perspective, controlling AIDS is
31、not only a moral imperative but also a practical necessity. As he is forever trying to convince political leaders, disease can perpetuate poverty, ruin economies and undermine civic order. As a Sachs-led WHO commission concluded last year, “The burden of disease in some low-income regions.stands as
32、a barrier to economic growth and must be addressed frontally and centrally in any comprehensive development strategy.“ As a group, the world“s richest countries now spend just $6 billion a year in health-related development assistance. The Sachs commission concluded that by raising the commitment to
33、 $27 billion by 2007 and $38 billion by 2015, we would save 8 million lives every year while improving a third of the world“s prospects for prosperity.（分数：10.00）(1).Jeffrey Sachs is now devoted to（分数：2.00）A.the training of macroeconomists.B.international finance.C.symposiums and conferences.D.the fu
34、nd raising work for poor countries.(2).Jeffrey Sachs described the situation in Malawi in order to（分数：2.00）A.give examples of the poor condition in Malawi.B.criticize the $1 price of the drugs.C.appeal to the audiences“ symphathy.D.show his sympathy to Malawian people.(3).According to the text, sust
35、ainable economy（分数：2.00）A.focuses on soil, climate, disease and so on respectively.B.takes all problems into consideration and acts accordingly.C.is only possible after all epidemic diseases were eradicated.D.is far from the reach of the poor countries,(4).The author made a list of Sachs“s positions
36、 to show that（分数：2.00）A.Sachs is able to offer great help in solving the present problems.B.Sachs is excellent both in academy and politics.C.Sachs is a widely-recognized expert.D.Sachs is the example for the readers to follow.(5).An immediate and effective action that Sachs-led commission took is t
37、o（分数：2.00）A.make comments on related issues.B.urge rich countries to offer help to poor countries.C.scud doctors to the poor countries.D.criticize the richest countries.Can anyone compete with Microsoft in the world of software applications? For years now, Bill Gates it was unabashedly for-profit an
38、d was closed-source. But Kapor always had his heart in the counterculture, and after leaving his company he co-founded the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a cyber-rights organization. Though he has seen success as an investor, he feels strongly about the open-source movement, which posits that in th
39、e age of complex software many people working for nothing can duplicate or even exceed the efforts of the rake-in-the-bucks gang. And because the source code is available to all, anyone can improve the product. The continued success of the Linux-powered operating system and Apache Web servers shows
40、that open source is no wild dream, but a serious challenge to the establishment. Sometime next year the OSAF will begin testing its first product, a personal-information manager that directly takes on Microsoft“s Outlook. Named after the famous mystery novelist, Chandler will run on Mac, Windows and
41、 Linux, be loaded with clever features and allow users to share information with others on things like calendar entries. And, of course, it will be free. Kapor has signed up an all-star team, including Lou Montulli (Netscape Navigator browser) and programming legend Andy Hertzfeld. Also participatin
42、g: thousands of volunteers who believe in the barn-raising spirit of the open-source movement. Ultimately, Kapor hopes the project will be self-supporting, with money coming from corporate sponsorships, foundations and licensing fees. For the immediate future, Kapor thinks that Chandler will be simp
43、ly another alternative in the shadow of the giant. But long term, the OSAF sees a sea change in the industry itself. “If Chandler works, I can“t see why we couldn“t do a word processor or a spreadsheet,“ says Kapor. After all, he predicts, “in 10 years Office and Windows will be commodities.“ Meanin
44、g that the Open Source Applications Foundation, or anyone else, will be able to plug its productsincluding an operating sys tem-into your computing world. Microsoft“s will cost money. The others will be free. If Kapor has his way, it“s a long good-bye for Microsoft“s dominance.（分数：10.00）(1).Microsof
45、t company in the software world（分数：2.00）A.has taken a firm monopoly.B.controlled all the innovation.C.has no competitors.D.developed the best software.(2).Kapor“s purpose of funding OSAF is to（分数：2.00）A.develop a subsidiary for Lotus Development Corp.B.unabashedly earn great profit.C.popularize new
46、software free of charge.D.depart from Lotus Development Corp.(3).The open-source movement is based on the idea that（分数：2.00）A.counterculture is important.B.everyone can contribute in creating better software.C.experts can improve a software.D.it can be a challenge to the conventions.(4).Based on the
47、 passage, it can be predicted that Chandler（分数：2.00）A.will run on Mac, Windows and Linux.B.will be welcomed by many people.C.will be loaded with clever features.D.will be a great success in business.(5).What does the author think of the OSAF?（分数：2.00）A.it will only provide alternative software.B.it
48、will develop into another Microsoft.C.it will end the Monopoly of Microsoft.D.it will become commodities,Business travelers used to be the cash cows of the hotel business. Armed with corporate credit cards and expense accounts, they“d happily lay down hundreds of dollars per night for the privilege of a Godiva chocolate on their pillow and a sunken whirlpool tub in their bathroom. But just as pro longed corporate belt tightening has forced road warriors to use budget airlines, more and more of them are now eschewing five-star lodging in f
