1、考研英语模拟试卷 57及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the twentieth century. (1)_ in the 1990s most Ameri
2、can towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was. (2)_ on both sides with many. (3)_ businesses, Here shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, and groceries (4)_ some shops offer (5)_. These
3、shops included drag-stores, shoe-repair stores and barber or hairdressing shops. (6)_ in the 1950s, a change began to (7)_ Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street (8)_ too few parking places were (9)_ shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with inter6st at the
4、open spaces (10)_ the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving customers needed. And open space is what they got. (11)_ the first shopping center was built. Shopping center (12)_ malls, started as a collection of small new stores. (13)_ congested city centers. (14)_ by hundreds of free park
5、ing spaces customers were drawn away from (15)_ areas to outlying malls. And the growing (16)_ of shopping centers led (17)_ to the building of bigger and better stocked stores (18)_ the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the (
6、19)_ of one-stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks (20)_ benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment. （ A） As early as （ B） Early （ C） Early as （ D） Earlier （ A） built （ B） designed （ C） intended （ D） lined （ A） varied （ B） variable （ C） sorted （ D） mixed-up （ A） As well （ B）
7、Beside （ C） In addition （ D） Apart from （ A） medical care （ B） food （ C） services （ D） cosmetics （ A） Suddenly （ B） Abruptly （ C） Contrarily （ D） But （ A） be taking place （ B） take place （ C） be taken place （ D） have taken place （ A） while （ B） yet （ C） though （ D） and then （ A） used by （ B） availab
8、le for （ C） available to （ D） ready for （ A） at （ B） from （ C） through （ D） outside （ A） when （ B） while （ C） since （ D） then （ A） that is （ B） or rather （ C） or （ D） and （ A） out of （ B） next to （ C） away from （ D） near （ A） Attracted （ B） Surprised （ C） Delighted （ D） Obsessed （ A） inner （ B） cent
9、ral （ C） shopping （ D） downtown （ A） fame （ B） distinction （ C） popularity （ D） liking （ A） on （ B） in turn （ C） by turns （ D） further （ A） By （ B） During （ C） In （ D） To （ A） cheapness （ B） convenience （ C） readiness （ D） handiness （ A） because （ B） and （ C） with （ D） provided Part A Directions: Re
10、ad the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 More Americans are cohabiting-living together out of wedlock than ever. Some exports applaud the practice, but others warn playing house does not always lead to marital bliss. At one time in Am
11、erica, living together out of wedlock was scandalous. Unmarried spouses who “shacked up“ were said to be “living in sin“. Indeed, cohabitation was illegal throughout the country until about 1970. Today, statistics tell a different tale. The number of unwed couples living together has risen to a new
12、high more than 4.1 million as of March 1997, according to the Census Bureau. That figure was up from 3.96 million couples the previous year and represents a quantum leap from the 430,000 cohabiting couples counted in 1960. The bureau found that cohabiting is most prevailing in the 24 35 age group, a
13、ccounting for 1.6 million such couples. Cohabitants claim they live together primarily to solidify their love and commitment to each other. Most intend to marry; only 13% of cohabitants do not anticipate legalizing their relationship. But the reality from many couples is different: Moving in does no
14、t lead to “happily ever after.“ Forty percent of cohabitants never make it to the altar. Of the 60% who do marry, more than half divorce within 10 years (compared with 30% of married couples who did not live together first). Cohabiting partners are more unfaithful and fight more often than married c
15、ouples, according to research by the Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society. Other studies have come to equally similar conclusions. Still, experts predict the number of cohabiting couples is likely to increase. As the offspring of the baby boomer come of age, they are inclined to defer marr
16、iages, as did their parents. This will lead to more cohabitation and nontraditional families. Until people unearth that living together has pitfalls, it wont wane in popularity. Cohabiting has been portrayed with “careful neutrality“ in the media, and Hollywood celebrities who move in and out of eac
17、h others homes set the standard. But Warren Farrell, the San Diego-based author of Why Men Are the Way They Are, argues that living together is a good idea for a short period. “To make the jump from dating, when we put our best foot forward, to being married“ without showing each other the “shadow s
18、ide of ourselves“ is to treat marriage frivolously, he says. 21 It can be seen from the passage that_. （ A） experts hold an unanimously critical view on cohabitation （ B） Americans are in general more tolerant of cohabitation （ C） cohabitation rate actually dropped despite the increase in the number
19、 of unwed couples living together （ D） living together out of wedlock is considered morally wrong today 22 Which of the following statements about cohabitation is CORRECT? （ A） Only 60% of cohabitants eventually get married. （ B） Research shows that cohabitants are more faithful than married couples
20、. （ C） Experts predict that the number of cohabiting couples has reached its peak. （ D） Cohabitation is still illegal in the United States. 23 What does the underlined word “unearth“ mean? （ A） believe （ B） doubt （ C） uncover （ D） agree 24 We can learn from the last paragraph that_. （ A） Warren Farr
21、ell does not support cohabitation （ B） Warren Farrell thinks there is no need to get married for cohabitants （ C） Warren Farrell thinks cohabitation is frivolous （ D） Warren Farrell holds the view that cohabitation has some benefits 25 According to the passage the number of cohabiting couples is lik
22、ely to_. （ A） increase （ B） decrease （ C） fall by 20% （ D） increase by 10% 26 Owing to the insufficient gas supply in the United States, the gas price has dramatically risen. The new gas price reality and the policy decisions it may trigger will undoubtedly lead to critical financial implications fo
23、r some individuals or companies, but the situation can hardly be termed a “national crisis“ or even a “shortage“. What is true is that buyers particularly those in the chemical industry and in independent power generation will not be able to acquire the quantity of gas they wish at the prices they w
24、ish to pay, or even at prices that will allow them to remain competitive in their markets, particularly during peak demand seasons. Over the next year or two, the result will be higher, and more volatile prices, to be sure, but there are market-driven adjustment mechanisms even in the short term, e.
25、g., more electric power from coal and oil, reduced production of domestic chemicals, and a commensurate substitution of imports. Consumers and companies will feel the economic pinch of higher prices; particularly, if we experience an exceptionally hot summer and a winter, when average temperatures w
26、ere 20% colder than the year before in the Northeast. Still, the United States faces neither the specter of economic recession at least not solely due to gas prices nor of freezing families unable to obtain gas to heat their homes. Given this new price plateau, demand adjustments will also take plac
27、e and vary across regions of the United States and across industries, with power generation and chemicals perhaps the most affected. Some in those industries may find that their facilities are no longer financially viable at the new price plateau, and there will likely be another round of industrial
28、 restructuring not unlike others that have resulted from international differences in resource and labor costs lest we forget, natural gas is still abundant and very low cost in other countries such as Trinidad, Qatar, and Iran, just as labor is abundant and low cost in China, Indonesia, and parts o
29、f Latin America. From a policy perspective, the United States needs to carefully evaluate a series of trade-offs between environmental concerns and economic growth. The gas price experiences of the last two years are the first real tastes of the economic costs of a gas-based environmental strategy.
30、Evaluating these trade-offs needs to be done with a level head and a clear understanding of those trade-offs. 26 What is the main topic of the article? （ A） American economy is strongly hit by the high prices of gas. （ B） American economy is affected by the high price of gas, but it is not a crisis.
31、 （ C） American economic policy is a failure. （ D） The prices of gas will rise in the following years. 27 What conclusion can we draw from the second paragraph? （ A） The gas prices will become steady in the next year or two. （ B） In a short period, the problem will be solved by the electricity produc
32、ed by coal and oil. （ C） There wont be an economic recession even though the present situation is unfavorable. （ D） Many American families will be freezing because they cant afford the gas with such a high price. 28 Which of the following is NOT correct according to the third paragraph? （ A） The pow
33、er generation and chemicals perhaps may be the most affected. （ B） Some industries may find that their facilities are no longer financially viable at the new price plateau. （ C） Natural gas is abundant in China, Indonesia, and parts of Latin America. （ D） Natural gas is still abundant and very low c
34、ost in other countries such as Trinidad, Qatar, and Iran. 29 What does the underlined word “commensurate“ in the second paragraph mean? （ A） proper （ B） adding （ C） supplementary （ D） sufficient 30 Which of the following is NOT true according to the article? （ A） The financial situation is rather cr
35、itical owing to the high gas prices. （ B） The economic situation is not bad enough to trigger a recession. （ C） Demand adjustments are the same in all the states of America. （ D） The U.S. need to reconsider its policy concerning environment and economic growth. 31 AIDS is one of the most fatal and r
36、ampant diseases that deprives of hundreds of thousands of lives each year all over the world, and the condition in African countries is much worse for lack of medicine, education as well as preventive measures. Scientists and researchers have never ceased their efforts to halt the wide spreading ten
37、dency of this infecting disease, unfortunately, till now, they have not invented any effective vaccine. Last week, an experimental AIDS vaccine tested in Thailand on some 2,500 drug users failed to protect them from becoming infected with HIV, declared VaxGen Inc., the vaccines developer. The pool r
38、esults were widely expected since VaxGen Inc. had said earlier that its vaccine did not work in a larger North American study. Most AIDS researchers agree that vaccines will be the only effective way to control a virus that has killed 28 million people and infected 42 million more worldwide. Two doz
39、en other vaccines are being tested on 12,000 human volunteers, but none has advanced as far as VaxGens, and any successful candidate is years away. Officials at Brisbane, Calif-based VaxGen said the Thai results underscored again how wily AIDS is in thwarting the immune system. The findings also sho
40、w “how important it is for the international public health community to redouble the effort to develop an effective vaccine,“ President Dr. Donald Francis said. VaxGens vaccine, like most others being tested, did not contain the virus itself and cannot cause AIDS. Instead, the vaccine contained smal
41、l, manmade genetic bits of the virus that scientists had hoped would provoke an immune response strong enough to stop the virus from invading healthy cells. Three years ago, the company enrolled 2,546 people in and around Bangkok who were at high risk for HIV because they habitually swapped needles
42、to inject drugs. Half were given the experimental vaccine and half were given a placebo. All volunteers were given extensive risk-reduction counseling, the company said. In the end, the vaccine offered no greater protection: 105 people given the placebo became infected with HIV, while 106 people giv
43、en the vaccine tested positive. In February, VaxGen announced its vaccine was ineffective against a different AIDS strain found in North America. The failure of this experimental vaccine reinforces the hardness of anti-AIDS battle, and the ultimate success seems to emerge years later. However, manki
44、nd is not so vulnerable to be completely defeated by AIDS. 31 Where is the experimental AIDS vaccine tested? （ A） In Thailand （ B） In North America （ C） At Brisbane （ D） In Africa 32 According to the context, what does the underlined word “strain“ in paragraph 4 mean? （ A） Disease （ B） Breed （ C） Vi
45、rus （ D） Cell 33 How many volunteers are tested by VaxGens vaccine? （ A） 2546 （ B） 12000 （ C） 2500 （ D） 211 34 Which statement is TRUE according to the text? （ A） AIDS is the most fatal and rampant disease. （ B） Vaccine will be the only effective way to control a virus. （ C） VaxGens vaccine would pr
46、ovoke an immune response strong enough to stop the virus from invading healthy cells. （ D） Most vaccines being tested did not contain virus. 35 What is the authors idea about AIDS? （ A） It is incurable. （ B） The international public health community has not done enough to control the disease. （ C） V
47、axgens vaccine is more effective than others. （ D） It is still hopeful to cure AIDS. 36 In an Internet era, whether globalization means democracy and development or hindrance to progress, foreign interference and U.S.-led economic domination over the developing countries has evoked hot debate. Globa
48、lization is an inevitable tendency which has brought great opportunities such as exchange of knowledge and information, access to other societies, as well as economic competitions and exposure to different value systems. On the other hand, it is also accompanied by a multitude of challenges together
49、 with side effects on the form of increased poverty rates, but the effect is not always predetermined, because the problem is how to deal with it and make preparation for minimizing the challenge. Statistics demonstrate in the last two centuries the individual income average has decreased, and the shares of profit in the Third World also have demolished, in contrary to the developed world. There is an international distortion due to the exploitation of telecommunicati
