1、考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 57 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 【F1】Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The spec
2、ific behavior depends on the childs individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender.【F2 】In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce
3、, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount
4、 of stress may actually help an easygoing, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity.There is some relationship between age and childrens characteristic reaction to divorce.【F3】As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understa
5、nding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by
6、 shame, anger, and self-reflection.Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit p
7、roblem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problem
8、s may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained?【F4】The greater male aggression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture mo
9、re than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self-control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent.【F5】Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than gi
10、rls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers.1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】5 The provision of positive incentives to work in the new society will not be an easy task.【F1】But the most difficult task of all is to devise the ultimate and final sanction to replace the ultimate sa
11、nction of hungerthe economic whip of the old dispensation. Moreover, in a society which rightly rejects the pretence of separating economics from politics and denies the autonomy of the economic order, that sanction can be found only in some conscious act of society. We can no longer ask the invisib
12、le hand to do our dirty work for us.I confess that I am less horror-struck than some people at the prospect, which seems to me unavoidable, of an ultimate power of what is called direction of labour resting in some arm of society, whether in an organ of state or of trade unions. I should indeed be h
13、orrified if I identified this prospect with a return to the conditions of the pre-capitalist era. The economic whip of laissez-faire undoubtedly represented an advance on the serf-like conditions of that period: in that relative sense, the claim of capitalism to have established for the first time a
14、 system of “free“ labour deserves respect.【F2】But the direction of labour as exercised in Great Britain in the Second World War seems to me to represent as great an advance over the economic whip of the heyday of capitalist private enterprise as the economic whip represented over pre-capitalist serf
15、dom.Much depends on the effectiveness of the positive incentives, much, too, on the solidarity and self-discipline of the community. After all, under the system of laissez-faire capitalism the fear of hunger remained an ultimate sanction rather than a continuously operative force.【F3 】It would have
16、been intolerable if the worker had been normally driven to work by conscious fear of hunger; nor, except in the early and worst days of the Industrial Revolution, did that normally happen.【F4】Similarly in the society of the future the power of direction should be regarded not so much as an instrumen
17、t of daily use but rather as an ultimate sanction held in reserve where voluntary methods fail. It is inconceivable that, in any period or in any conditions that can now be foreseen, any organ of state in Great Britain would be in a position, even if it had the will, to marshal and deploy the labour
18、 force over the whole economy by military discipline like an army in the field.【F5 】This, like other nightmares of a totally planned economy, can be left to those who like to frighten themselves and others with scarecrows.6 【F1】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】10 Over the last decade, demand for the most co
19、mmon cosmetic surgery procedures, like breast enlargements and nose jobs, has increased by more than 400 percent. According to Dr. Dai Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patients are not chasing physical perfection. Rather, they are driven to
20、fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a desire to look normal.“【F1】What we all crave is to look normal, and normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. They give us a perception of what is physically acceptable and we feel we must look like that.“【F
21、2】In America, the debate is no longer about whether surgery is normal; rather, it centres on what age people should be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imber recommends “maintenance“ work for people in their thirties. “The idea of waiting until one needs a heroic transformat
22、ion is silly,“ he says, “By then, youve wasted 20 great years of your life and allowed things to get out of hand.“ Dr. Imber draws the line at operating on people who are under 18, however. “It seems that someone we dont consider old enough to order a drink shouldnt be considering plastic surgery.“I
23、n the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusive domain of the very rich and famous.【F3 】But the proportionate cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the reach of most people. Dr. Davies, who claims to “cater for the averag
24、e person“, agrees. He says:“I treat a few of the rich and famous and an awful lot of secretaries. Of course, 3, 000 for an operation is a lot of money. But it is also an investment for life which costs about half the price of a good family holiday.“【F4】Dr. Davies suspects that the increasing sophist
25、ication of the fat injecting and removal techniques that allow patients to be treated with a local anaesthetic in an afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery.【 F5】Yet, as one woman who recently paid 2, 500 for liposuction to remove fat from her thighs admitted, the slope
26、to becoming a cosmetic surgery Veteran is a deceptively gentle one. “I had my legs done because theyd been bugging me for years. But going into the clinic was so low key and effective it whetted my appetite. Now I dont think theres any operation that I would rule out having if I could afford it.“11
27、【F1】12 【F2】13 【F3】14 【F4】15 【F5】15 The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much importance
28、attached to intellectual pursuits.“【F1】According to many books and articles, New Englands leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.【F2】To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the
29、 Puritans theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the churchimportant subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New world circumstances. Th
30、e New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachuset
31、ts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.【F3】These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmo
32、sphere of intellectual earnestness. We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated.【F4 】While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. The
33、ir thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hopeall came together in a decisive moment when h
34、e opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.“ One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard
35、in puritan churches.【F5】Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Danes, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion. “Our main end was to catch fish.“16 【F1】17 【F2】18 【F3】19 【F4】20 【F5】考研英语（翻译）模拟试
36、卷 57 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 【知识模块】 翻译1 【正确答案】 尽管父母离异普遍对孩子有负面影响，但不是所有经历父母离异的孩子都会有一样的行为反应，记住这一点很重要。 【知识模块】 翻译2 【正确答案】 在个性方面，那些被认为喜怒无常和性格急躁的孩子与个性温和又容易相处的孩子相比，更难以应对父母的离异，因为他们一般更难以适应生活上的变化。 【知识模块】 翻译3 【
37、正确答案】 随着孩子年龄的增长，他们更可能自由表达各种各样复杂的感情，更可能理解这些情感，也更能意识到父母离异的决定不能归结于任何一个简单的原因。 【知识模块】 翻译4 【正确答案】 男孩更具攻击性和不驯服可能反映这样一个事实，在我们的文化中这种行为发生在男孩身上更容易得到宽容与鼓励。 【知识模块】 翻译5 【正确答案】 最后，与女孩相比，男孩更容易看到父母吵架，而且，在父母离异后，他们也不大可能像女孩那样受到母亲、老师或者同龄人的同情和支持。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译6 【正确答案】 然而最困难的是找到一种最严厉的处罚来取代饥饿处罚旧的分配方式中的经济激励手段。 【知识模块】 翻
38、译7 【正确答案】 但是，英国在二战中实行的对劳动力的管理对于我来说，如同代表前资本主义农奴制的经济激励手段一样，似乎也代表了资本主义私人企业全盛时期经济激励手段的巨大进步。 【知识模块】 翻译8 【正确答案】 如果工人有意识地被饥饿的恐惧感驱赶着去工作，那是不可容忍的，而且除了在工业革命早期最糟糕的阶段，这种事情也通常不会发生。 【知识模块】 翻译9 【正确答案】 同样，在未来的社会中，管理的权力不应当被视为一项日常使用的工具而应当被看作备用的一种最严厉的制裁，只有在自愿的方法不管用的时候才使用。 【知识模块】 翻译10 【正确答案】 这种像计划经济一样的恶梦，可以留给那些喜欢用稻草人吓自己
39、或吓别人的人。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译11 【正确答案】 我们渴望的仅仅是让自己看起来比较正常，而正常的标准则是被广告媒体和其他的外界压力所界定的。 【知识模块】 翻译12 【正确答案】 在美国，人们争论的已不再是整形手术是否正常，而是围绕什么年龄才能动手术。 【知识模块】 翻译13 【正确答案】 但是，现在治疗费用相对过去已经大幅度下降，使除了最先进的激光技术外所有的手术都面向大众。 【知识模块】 翻译14 【正确答案】 日趋精妙的脂肪注射和抽取技术使病人在一个下午的局部麻醉下就可以得到治疗，戴维斯博士怀疑这种技术也有助于推动美容手术的普及。 【知识模块】 翻译15 【正确答案
40、】 然而，正如不久前花了 2 500 英镑做大腿抽脂术的一位女士所承认的那样，沦落为美容手术的常客是一种温柔的假象。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译16 【正确答案】 根据大量书籍和文献记载，新英格兰的领袖确立了美国知识生活中逐渐发展并占据统治地位的清教传统的基本主题和关注要点。 【知识模块】 翻译17 【正确答案】 以这种方法看待新英格兰人通常意味着要从这些清教徒的神学变革以及他们对教会的独特观念入手这些是不容忽略的主题。 【知识模块】 翻译18 【正确答案】 这些人广泛著书并出版，同时被新大陆和旧大陆的读者们所熟悉，为新英格兰营造了一种求知的氛围。 【知识模块】 翻译19 【正确答案】 虽然只有极少数手工艺者、农民(更不用说侍从和仆人了)留下了可供分析的文学作品，但显然他们的观点不那么学术化。 【知识模块】 翻译20 【正确答案】 此外，很多移民并没有丹奈这么虔诚的宗教信仰。正如一名牧师在与沿海地区渔民相遇时所了解到的：他们嘲弄地说来新大陆不是为了宗教，“我们主要是来捕鱼的” 。 【知识模块】 翻译
