1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 57 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Digital photography is still new enough that most of us have yet to form an opinion about it, (1)_ develop a point of view. But thi
2、s hasnt stopped many film and computer fans from agreeing (2)_ the early conventional wisdom about digital camerastheyre new (3)_ for you. But theyre not suitable for everyday picture taking.The fans are wrong: More than anything else, digital cameras are radically (4)_ what photography means and wh
3、at it can be. The venerable medium of photography (5)_ we know it is beginning to seem out of (6)_ with the way we live. In our computer and camcorder (7)_ saving pictures as digital (8)_ and watching them on TV is no less practicaland in many ways more (9)_ than fumbling with rolls of film that mus
4、t be sent off to be (10)_.Paper is also terribly (11)_. Pictures that are incorrectly framed, (12)_,or lighted are nonetheless committed to film and ultimately processed into prints.The digital medium changes the (13)_. Still images that are (14)_ digitally can immediately be shown on a computer (15
5、)_, a TV screen, or a small liquid-crystal display (LCD) built fight into the camera. And since the points of light that (16)_ an image are saved as a series of digital bits in electronic memory, (17)_ being permanently etched onto film, they can be erased, retouched, and transmitted (18)_.Whats it
6、like to (19)_ with one of these digital cameras? Its a little like a first dateexciting, confusing and fraught with (20)_.（A）rather than（B） let alone（C） much less（D）so as to（A）on（B） with（C） to（D）by（A）attachments（B） auxiliaries（C） attributes（D）counterparts（A）re-explaining（B） rearranging（C） re-exposin
7、g（D）redefining（A）though（B） if（C） as（D）unless（A）rate（B） pace（C） step（D）speed（A）environment（B） civilization（C） community（D）culture（A）files（B） documents（C） programs（D）softwares（A）appealing（B） facilitating（C） enlightening（D）encouraging（A）converted（B） developed（C） exposed（D）evolved（A）unforgiving（B） unper
8、ceiving（C） unconsidering（D）unsympathizing（A）aimed（B） targeted（C） focused（D）pointed（A）regulations（B） rules（C） disciplines（D）principles（A）gripped（B） seized（C） grasped（D）captured（A）demonstrator（B） exhibitor（C） monitor（D）transmitter（A）constitute（B） illumine（C） penetrate（D）dissolve（A）in case（B） rather th
9、an（C） as well as（D）as though（A）on-digit（B） on-cable（C） on-line（D）on-data（A）fire（B） maneuver（C） operate（D）shoot（A）chances（B） probabilities（C） opportunities（D）possibilitiesPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 The
10、world is undergoing tremendous changes. The rise of globalization, both an economic and cultural trend that has swept throughout the world, has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century. But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some say no.Michael Tenet, head of the International I
11、nstitute for Foreign Relations in Atlanta, is worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization. “Ever since the 1980s and the economic collapse of the Asian Tigers in the late 1990s, there has been a re-evaluation of the role of globalization as a force for good
12、“, he said. “Incomes in many countries have declined and the gap between the most rich and the most poor has been aggravated. Without further intervention by governments, we could see a tragedy expressed in an increased level of poverty throughout the Latin America and Asia“.Yet George Frank, an inf
13、luential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger. “Economic liberalization, increased transparency and market-based reforms have positive effect in the long run, even if market mechanisms can produce short-term destabilization problems“, he said. “What is most important is that barri
14、ers to trade continue to fall so that active competition for Consumer goods reduces prices and in turn raises the average level of income“.Others feel that globalizations cultural impact may be more important than its economic implications. Janice Yawee, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globa
15、lization is undermining her local culture and language. “Most of the worlds dialects will become extinct under globalization. Were paving the world with McDonalds and English slang. It tears me up inside“, she said.Governments of different countries have had mixed responses to the wave of globalizat
16、ion. The United States is generally seen as an active proponent of greater free trade, and it certainly has enormous cultural influence by virtue of its near monopoly on worldwide entertainment. But other countries, most notably in Europe and developing nations, have sought to reduce the impact that
17、 globalization has on their domestic affairs.“When I was a boy we had very little to speak of“, says one Singaporean resident. “Now our country has developed into a booming hub for international finance“. Others, however, are not so optimistic. “Globalization is an evil force that must be halted“, a
18、 union official at a car plant in Detroit recently commented, “Its sucking away jobs and killing the spirit of our country“. (401 words)Notes:slang 俚语。tear up 撕碎，挖开。proponent 支持者，拥护者。 hub 轮毂。suck away减少。21 As for globalization, Michael Tenets attitude to it is most probably _.（A）firm support.（B） cau
19、tious approval.（C） serious worry.（D）strong repentance.22 The views of Michael Tenet and George Frank on globalization are _.（A）identical.（B） similar.（C） complementary.（D）opposite.23 When mentioning Janice Yawee, the author is talking about _.（A）her local culture and language.（B） the cultural implica
20、tions of globalization.（C） McDonalds and English slang.（D）the economic impact of globalization.24 According to paragraph 5, the responses of different countries to globalization may be looked on as _.（A）a mixed blessing.（B） an active stimulus.（C） an evil force.（D）intervention in their domestic affai
21、rs.25 The title which best expresses the main idea of the text would be _.（A）Disadvantages of Globalization in Economic Area.（B） Peoples Responses to the Impacts of Globalization.（C） Influence of Globalization on the Economy and Culture.（D）Different Roles of Globalization in the Development of Econo
22、my.26 Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual“ or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners(从业者).“With virtual reality well be able to put a surgeon in
23、 every trench“, said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality he
24、lmets(头盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.Although Satavas vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virt
25、ual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform t
26、he surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound.These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeo
27、n Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor(肿瘤). Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a prob
28、e to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patients brain taken before surgery.During these proceduresoperations that are done through small cuts in
29、the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuveredsurgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can.Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medici
30、ne“.26 According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine_.（A）will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield（B） can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield（C） will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield（D）can shorten the ti
31、me for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield27 Richard Satava has visions of_.（A）using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas（B） wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefield（C） wounded soldiers being operated o
32、n by specially trained surgeons（D）setting up mobile surgical units overseas28 How is virtual reality surgery performed?（A）It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device.（B） Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.（C） Surgeons move robotic instru
33、ments by means of a computer linked to them.（D）A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation.29 During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because_.（A）he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen（B） the cuts can be examine
34、d from different angles（C） the cuts have been highly magnified（D）he is wearing 3-D glasses30 Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they _.（A）cause less pain on the wounded（B） allow the patient to recover more quickly（C） will make human surgeons work less tedio
35、us（D）are done by robot surgeons with greater precision30 A Higher living standard.B Importance of transport in trade. C Various , means of transport.D Birth of transport-related industries and trade.E Role of information in trade.F Public transportation.G Transport facilitating trade.41. _Transport
36、is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good ro
37、ads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale.42. _The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance.
38、Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unl
39、ess customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.43. _Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns.
40、Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods, which at one time could be obtained (获得) only during a part of the year, can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.44. _By
41、moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries arid trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply
42、than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.45. _Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but als
43、o the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.36 “Target apologizes for an
44、y discomfort,“ said a spokesman for the discount chain, “that may have been caused by the baseball caps and shorts carrying the insignia 88.“ He explained that it was not the companys intent to promote hate.Since when does 88 mean “hate“? It turns out that some neo-Nazis have discovered that the eig
45、hth letter of the alphabet is “h“, and to them the number 88 is an oh-sosecret coded symbol for “heil Hitler“.The Boston Herald recalled the days of dot-and-dash telegraphy, with its two-digit codes for common phrases, and observed that “on CB and ham radio, and at the bottom of an odd e-mail, you s
46、till run across 88love and kisses, which no gallant will dare use anymore to pique the interest of the YLs (young ladies) for fear theyll think he is a bug-eyed, swastikatattooed nutcake“Fans of Chet Goulds “Dick Tracy“ strip of the 1950s will remember a piano-playing cartoon character with the musi
47、cal name “88 Keys“, played by Mandy Patinkin in the 1990 movie version. It comes from the number of keys on a piano keyboard, and its symbol can be the opposite of hatred: “Some of those 88 keys are white, and some black,“ notes Larry Horn of Yale University, “all playing together in peaceful harmon
48、y-and each set pretty boring on its own. Makes you wonder.“This latest superstition imposed on a number, and its panicky effect on merchants, is nothing new. Its a variant of 311, throe references to the 11th letter, k, for the Ku Klux Klan. (Manufacturers who may have inadvertently turned out baseb
49、all caps with that number on it will now turn white as a sheet.)Before that, 666 was a hot number for the nervous. In the New Testaments Revelation 13: 9-18, the Apostle John recalls a vision of a boast that was an opponent of Christ: “Count the number of the beast,“ goes the King James Version, “for it is the number of a man; and his number is six hundred threescore and six.“Extrapolating thi
