1、考研英语 280及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Many theies ccerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either the individual society as the maj ctributing influence. Theies -|_|- the individual suggest that children engage in criminal beha
2、vi -|_|-they were not sufficiently penalized f previous misdeeds that they have learned criminal behavi through -|_|-with others. Theies focusing the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in -|_|- to their failure to rise above their socioecomic status, -|_|- as a rejecti of middle-cla
3、ss values. Most theies of juvenile delinquency have focused children from disadvantaged families, -|_|- the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes -|_|- lack of adequate parental ctrol. All theies, however, are tentative and are -|_|- to criticism. Cha
4、nges in the social structure may indirecfiy -|_|- juvenile crime rates. F example, changes in the ecomy that -|_|- to fewer job opptunities f youth and rising unemployment -|_|- make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting disctent may in -|_|- lead me youths into criminal
5、 behavi. Families have also -|_|- changes these years. Me families csist of e-parent households two wking parents; -|_|- , children are likely to have less supervisi at home -|_|- was comm in the traditial family -|_|- This lack of parental supervisi is thought to be an influence juvenile crime rate
6、s. Other -|_|- causes of offensive acts include frustrati failure in school, the increased -|_|- of drugs and alcohol, and the growing -|_|- of child abuse and child neglect. All these cditis tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, -|_|- a direct causal relatiship has
7、not yet been established. （分数：1.00）二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2. 1 ) describe the drawing, 2 ) interpret its meaning, and 3 ) support your view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)1 ) describe the drawing, 2 ) interpret its meaning, and 3 ) suppo
8、rt your view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Tight-lipped elders used to say,“ Its not what you want in this world, but what you get.“ Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what yo
9、u want and want the right things. You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, dec
10、ide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served. Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer
11、, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services. This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful
12、 in personal interviews. While talking to you ,your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications, will pay him to employ you and your“ wares“ and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. When you have carefully prep
13、ared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgeme
14、nt. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now. （分数：1.00）(1). What do the elders mean when they say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get. “?（分数：0.25）A.Youll certainly get what you want.B.Its no use
15、dreaming.C.You should be dissatisfied with what you have.D.Its essential to set a goal for yourself.(2). A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as_.（分数：0.25）A.an illustration of how to write an application for a jobB.an indication of how to secure a good jobC.a g
16、uideline for job descriptionD.a principle for job evaluation(3). According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because _.（分数：0.25）A.that is the first step to please the employerB.that is the requirement of the employerC.it enables him to know when to se
17、ll his servicesD.it forces him to become clearly aware of himself(4).When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something_.（分数：0.25）A.definite to offerB.imaginary to provideC.practical to supplyD.desirable to presentIts a rough world out there. Step outside
18、and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries be
19、gan holding more companies liable for their customers misfortunes. Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might-surprise!
20、- fall off. The label on a childs Batman cape cautions that the toy “does not enable user to fly.“ While warnings are often appropriate and necessary-the dangers of drug interactions, for example-and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manu
21、facturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court. Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases wh
22、ere a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. “Were really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets aren
23、t designed to prevent those kinds of injuries,“ says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athletes injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute-a group of judge, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight-issu
24、ed new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,“ says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If t
25、he moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability. （分数：1.00）(1).What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?（分数：0.25）A.Customers might be relieved of their d
26、isasters through lawsuits.B.Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.C.Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.D.Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.(2).Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to_.（分数：0.25）A.satisfy c
27、ustomers by writing long warnings on productsB.become honest in describing the inadequacies of their productsC.make the best use of labels to avoid legal liabilityD.feel obliged to view customers safety as their first concern(3).The ease of Schutt helmet demonstrated that_.（分数：0.25）A.some injury cla
28、ims were no longer supported by lawB.helmets were not designed to prevent injuriesC.product labels would eventually be discardedD.some sports games might lose popularity with athletes(4).The authors attitude towards the issue seems to be_.（分数：0.25）A.biasedB.indifferentC.puzzlingD.objectiveHunting fo
29、r a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site s “personal search agent“. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, the
30、n E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D. C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,“ says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as
31、 in-house counsel for a company. With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time- consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks.
32、 Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility,“ says one expert. For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept what you think you want to do-then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,“ says another exper
33、t. “There s no career counseling implicit in all of this.“ Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everyt
34、hing that is added to a database that might interest me,“ says the author of a job-searching guide. Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential job
35、s-those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them-and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,“ says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite. Even
36、 those who aren t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to ann themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder.
37、 “You always keep your eyes open,“ he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you. （分数：1.00）(1).How did Redmon find his job?（分数：0.20）A.By searching openings in a job database.B.By posting a matching position in a database.C.By using a special servi
38、ce of a database.D.By E-mailing his resume to a database.(2). Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?（分数：0.20）A.Lack of counselingB.Limited number of visits.C.Lower efficiency.D.Fewer successful matches.(3).The expression “tip service“ ( Line 4, Paragraph 3 ) most probably mea
39、ns（分数：0.20）A.advisory.B.compensation.C.interactionD.reminder(4).Why does CareerSite s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?（分数：0.20）A.To focus on better job matches.B.To attract more returning visits.C.To reserve space for more messages.D.To increase the rate of success.(5).Which of th
40、e following is true according to the text?（分数：0.20）A.Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.B.Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.C.Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.D.Some agents stop sending information to people once they a
41、re employed.To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.“ One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists nee
42、d to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of
43、health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not t
44、o use anything that comes from or is tested in animalsno meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“ Then I would have to say yes. “Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she
45、 said, “Don t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers. “Such well-meaning people just don t understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the c
46、onnection between animal research and a grandmother s hip replacement, a father s bypass operation, a baby s vaccinations, and even a pet s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems waste
47、ful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could“ adopt“ middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research instituti
48、ons could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who
