1、专业八级-280 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Dont expect Starbucks-like (1)_ like this one at the 13,600 U.S. McDonald s,(1)_ or 30,000-plus worldwide; the Oak Brook restaurant, which opened late last month, doubles as public restaurant and test site. But the worlds largest
2、 restaurant chain is tinkering with various possibilities in technology and design to try to ensure it is a (2)_ of choice in the future. (2)_ McDonalds has undergone an (3)_ change in more ways (3)_ than one since a time (4)_ years ago when its sales and reputation were sagging amid complaints abou
3、t its service and food. (4)_ The Company reported first-quarter (5)_ income was up (5)_ 6 percent to (6)_ million and revenue rose 9 percent to $4.8 billion over the same time last year. (6)_ Its stock price nearly tripled over a two-year period, hitting a four-year high of $34.56 per share in March
4、, but has since settled around $29. Snazzier new restaurants are part of the makeover; about 1,000, mostly older U.S. McDonalds have been either (7)_ or rebuilt since 2002. (7)_ Some of the additions, such as salads, white-meat chicken nuggets and fruit options with Happy Meals, have served the (8)_
5、 purpose of enabling the company to state a commitment to a healthier, (8)_ balanced menu while bringing in new customers who arent there for the hamburgers. McDonalds now hopes to attract more (9)_ with amenities that might entice them to come in and stay awhile. (9)_ Analyst Peter Jankovskis think
6、s the extra investments to try to make McDonalds restaurants hangouts are (10) _, noting that they have worked not only at Starbucks but at Panera Bread and other chains. (10)_（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Old Fred do
7、es something stupid because_.（分数：1.00）A.he has some mental problemsB.he is too old to know what he is doingC.he wants to have a good ChristmasD.he has got into the habit of stealing(2).British police are not armed. The average policeman_.（分数：1.00）A.doesnt really think about itB.dislike it very muchC
8、.worries about it greatlyD.wants a reform(3).The interviewee feels that the English people love_.（分数：1.00）A.violenceB.compromiseC.forearmsD.police(4).Once a man_.（分数：1.00）A.threatened the policeB.took some hostagesC.robbed a bankD.locked himself in a house(5).What was the most important factor in so
9、lving that man s problem?（分数：1.00）A.Power.B.Skill.C.Patience.D.Weapons.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).According to the news, _have been killed in the war.（分数：1.00）A.1,713B.1,711C.1,782D.1,730(2).Which statement is not true?（分数：1.00）A.Bush met Iraqi Prime Minister on FridayB.Brzezinski is a member
10、of Republican PartyC.American people have no much confidence in the war in IraqD.Bush believed that the future would be tough(3).According to Bushs strategy for military success, the enemies included_.（分数：1.00）A.Saddam Husseins former regime membersB.terrorists trained by al-JaafariC.war criminalsD.
11、all of aboveQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Who will be glad to see that stunning waves?（分数：1.00）A.FishermenB.ScientistsC.TouristsD.Surfers(2).
12、Whats the purposes of the team experts to set sail?（分数：1.00）A.Their goal is only to prove the huge waves existenceB.They went to study the wavesC.They wanted to ride one as well as to prove its existenceD.They get sail just out of fun四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BThe ivory-billed woodpeck
13、er, if you havent heard, is no longer extinct. In late spring, a group of 17 researchers announced in the online version of Science that they had spotted at least one member of this majestic species living in the cypress and tupelo swamps of eastern Arkansas. Once found everywhere in Southern hardwo
14、od forests, the ivory-billed woodpecker tumbled in population after the tam of the century, the victim of avid collectors and logging. It had last been seen in 1944, reduced to what Tim Gallagher, author of “The Grail Bird: Hot on the Trail of the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker,“ calls “a symbol of everyth
15、ing that has gone wrong with our relationship to the environment.“The Grail Bird“ is the story of this remarkable rediscovery, told by one of the chief rediscoverers. The editor of Living Bird magazine, Gallagher began the book several years ago with milder ambitions. The plan was to interview anyon
16、e who had seen the birdor thought he or she had. Soon, though, he was swept into a web of tantalizing rumors and half- clues, propelled by the possibility that a living ivory-bill might yet be found. “If someone, could prove that this remarkable species still exists, it would be the most hopeful eve
17、nt imaginable: we would have one final chance to get it right, to save this bird. and the bottomland swamp forests it needs to survive.“ Hope was a thing with a three-foot wingspan.“The Grail Bird“ is less an ecological study than a portrait of human obsession; if not for the outcome, it could as ea
18、sily be a book about the hunt for Bigfoot. Gallagher stakes out swamps teeming with alligators and cottonmouths. He sifts through shady evidence, from fuzzy Instamatic photographs to bags of bark shavingspeeled, possibly, by the ivory-billed woodpecker in its search for beetle grubs. He suffers bloo
19、died feet and an infected knee. His closest companion, Bobby Ray Harrison, a wildlife photographer and an arts professor at Oakwood College, dresses in full camouflage gear and canoes with a camcorder attached to his helmet “ Sasquatch chasers,“ Gallaghers wife calls them Yet for ail the shenanigans
20、, his book is an insightful look at what most biological fieldwork involves: a tot of Sweating, sitting and waiting for ghosts tomaybemake themselves real.As tales go; “The Grail Bird“ isnt the most stylishly told. Gallagher lets his characters talk at too-great length, and the incidental details ar
21、e sometimes overly incidental. (“After pigging out on bad burgers, we got a room at a cheap motel and quickly fell into a deep, exhausted sleep with lots of snoring.“) But most readers probably wont mind. As some rivers are to be enjoyed not for the quality of the water but for the quality of the st
22、ones to be found therein, so it is with some books. Gallagher presents a series of lively characters: Fielding Lewis, a former Louisiana state boxing commissioner who in 1971 took two fuzzy Photographs of the woodpecker that were subsequently and perhaps mistakenlydiscredited; an anonymous “woodpeck
23、er-whisperer“ who claims to have a telepathic connection to the birds, even a thousand miles away. (One group of searchers failed, they were told, because they were noisily scaring off the bird.)Oddly missing from this recounting is any extended focus on the ivory-billed woodpecker itself. Granted,
24、the bird has been invisible for decades, a presence notable largely for its absence. Still, the book might have given us the animals history in more detailsomething to convey the visceral appeal of this “grail.“ Without that, the questthough triumphantat times feels hollow, and the fulfillment of th
25、e authors obsession veers perilously close to sounding like an end in itself.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the text, the ivory-billed woodpecker_（分数：1.00）A.is extinct since the year of 1994.B.was found by a group of 17 researchers through the internet.C.is called “Grail Bird“ because it is hallowed to t
26、he degree of holiness.D.is so famous that it has become a symbol of the spoiled relationship between human beings and nature.(2).By saying that the book of “Grail Bird“ could “easily be a book about the hunt for Bigfoot“, the author means that_（分数：1.00）A.the book is merely about the hunt for impossi
27、ble things.B.if the bird had not been discovered by the researchers, the book would have been like all the books about Bigfoot - only legends, no facts and truths.C.the hunt for the ivory-billed woodpecker enjoys similarity to the hunt for Bigfoot, because both of them are rare animals.D.the book is
28、 about the human obsession of finding legendary animals and about their guilty conscience facing nature.(3).Concerning the style of the book, it is revealed in the text that_（分数：1.00）A.it is a normal book of discovering trip, with no particular style.B.it is stylish in its narration and the characte
29、rs are vivid.C.its style is not so perfect especially concerning the trivial talks of the characters and the too incidental details.D.readers do not like the trivial style of this book.(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Fielding Lewis has taken two pictures of the bird, but
30、 it was too fuzzy and he was mistakenly discredited.B.The author believes that the woodpecker-whisperer do have a telepathic connection to the birds.C.The quality of the book may not so perfect in itself, but there is still something to be cherished and reflected on.D.Them is much sweating, sitting
31、and waiting before the completion of the book.(5).From this article, we may draw the conclusion that_（分数：1.00）A.The focus on the bird is an important yet missing characteristic, and without it even the successful discovery will seem hollow.B.It is not the bird but the human efforts that attract a lo
32、t of readers attention.C.The article argues that the book is with great content and great focus.D.Although the book is not stylish, readers still find interesting things in its characterization and extended history of the bird.BTEXT B/BWe all know that programming language is the system of syntax, g
33、rammar, and symbols or words used to give instructions to a computer. Because computers work with binary numbers, first-generation languages, called machine languages, required the writing of long strings of binary numbers to represent such operations as add. subtract, and compare. Later improvement
34、s allowed octal, decimal, or hexadecimal representation of binary strings. It is difficult to write error-free programs in machine language many languages have been created to make programming easier and faster. Symbolic, or assembly, languagessecond-generation languageswere introduced in the early
35、1950s. They use simple mnemonics such as “A“ for add or “M“ for multiply, which are translated into machine language by a computer program called an assembler. An extension of such a language is the macro instruction, a mnemonic (such as “READ“) for which the assembler substitutes a series of simple
36、r mnemonics. In the mid-1950s, a third generation of Languages came into use. Called high-level languages because they are largely independent of the hardware, these algorithmic, or procedural, languages are designed for solving a particular type of problem. Unlike machine or symbolic languages, the
37、y vary little between computers. They must be translated into machine code by a program called a compiler or interpreter. The first such language was FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation), developed about 1956 and best used for scientific calculation. The first commercial language, COBOL (Common Business Or
38、iented Language), was developed about 1959. ALGOL (ALGOrithmic Language), developed in Europe about 1958, is used primarily in mathematics and science, as is APL (A Programming Language), published in 1962. P1/1 (programming Language 1), developed in the late 1960s, and ADA (for Ada Augusta, countes
39、s of Lovelace, biographer of Charles Babbage), developed in 1981, are designed for both business and scientific use. For personal computers the most popular languages are BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), developed in 1967 and similar to FORTRAN, and Pascal (for Blaise Pascal,
40、 who built the first successful mechanical calculator), introduced in 1971 as a teaching language. Modula 2, a Pacal-like language for commercial and mathematical applications, was introduced in 1982. The C language, introduced (1972) to implement the Unix operating system, has been extended to C+ t
41、o deal with the rigors of object-oriented programming. Fourth-generation languages are nonprocedural. They specify what is to be accomplished without describing how. The first one, FORTH, developed in 1970, is used in scientific and industrial control applications. Most fourth-generation languages a
42、re written for specific purposes. Fifth-generation languages, which are still in infancy, are an outgrowth of artificial intelligence research. PROLOG (PROgramming Logic) is useful for programming logical processes and making deductions automatically.Many other languages have been designed to meet s
43、pecialized needs. GPSS (General Purpose System Simulator) is used for modeling physical and environmental events, and SNOBOL (String-Oriented Symbolic Language) and LISP (LISt Processing) are designed for pattern matching and list processing. LOGO, a version of LISP, was developed in the 1960s to he
44、lp children learn about computers. PILOT (Programmed Instruction Learning, Or Testing) is used in writing instructional software, and Occam is a nonsequential language that optimizes the execution of a programs instructions in parallel processing systems.（分数：3.00）(1).The 3rd generation of programmin
45、g language shares all the following characteristics EXCETP（分数：1.00）A.it is used in designing software.B.it is hardware-independent.C.is should be translated into the computer language by software.D.it is designed to solve some specific problem.(2).In the late 1950s, for the first time a computer pro
46、gramming language_.（分数：1.00）A.began using binary numbersB.was used to implement the Unix operating system .C.was put into the marketD.was used for modeling physical and environmental events(3).Which programming language is designed for the instruction of youngsters?（分数：1.00）A.BASICB.FORTRANC.ALGOLD.
47、LOGOBTEXT C/BIn sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other ha
48、nd, polite society soon adsorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.Every code of etiquette has contained three elements; basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance. In the first category are considerations for t
