1、考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 85 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_If you can“t resist the chance to put on a bet, blame your insulaa region of y
2、our brain. Scientists think that when this brain area is overactive, the heart rules our head and we can“t help but【C1】_our losses. The Cambridge University researchers said: “Future treatments for gambling addiction could seek to reduce this overactivity, either by drugs or psychological techniques
3、.“ The researchers made the【C2】_after asking people with various brain injuries and healthy people play slot machine and roulette (a gambling game). A near miss on the slot machines made the players,【C3】_those with the damaged insulas, extra-keen to try their luck again.【C4】_, all of the players, ap
4、art from those with faulty insulas, made a【C5】_mistake when playing roulette. Dr Luke Clark from the University of Cambridge, who led the research, explained that during gambling games, people often【C6】_their chances of winning【C7】_a number of errors of thinking called【C8】_distortions. For example,
5、“near-misses“ seem to encourage further play,【C9】_they are no different from any other loss. In a【C10】_sequence like tossing a coin, a【C11】_of one event (heads) makes people think the other【C12】_(tails) is due next; this is known as the “gambler“s fallacy“. There is increasing【C13】_that problem gamb
6、lers are particularly prone to these erroneous beliefs. By studying these people, the researchers found that all of them【C14】_the exception of the patients with insula damagereported a【C15】_motivation to play following near-misses in the slot machine game, and also fell【C16】_to the gambler“s fallacy
7、 in the roulette game. The finding, which is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggests that the insula, which is【C17】_in gut feelings and decision-making, is key to the psychology of gambling. “Based on these results, we【C18】_that the insula could be overacti
8、ve in problem gamblers, making them more【C19】_to these errors of thinking,“ said Dr Clarke. “Future treatments for gambling addiction could seek to reduce this overactivity, either by drugs or by psychological techniques like mindfulness【C20】_.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.stopB.regretC.chaseD.figur
9、e(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.linkB.inventionC.prescriptionD.practice(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.exceptB.includingC.plusD.towards(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.ConsequentlyB.SimilarlyC.ConverselyD.Eventually(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.hugeB.ridiculousC.distinguishedD.common(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.forecastB.advanceC.minimizeD.misperceive(7).【C7
10、】（分数：2.00）A.regardless ofB.due toC.apart fromD.in exchange for(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.physicalB.cognitiveC.intellectualD.emotional(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.only ifB.so thatC.even thoughD.as if(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.randomB.logicalC.linearD.systematic(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.phaseB.portionC.paradeD.run(12).【C12】（分数：2.
11、00）A.componentB.expectationC.outcomeD.picture(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.confidenceB.evidenceC.resolutionD.experience(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.withB.offC.withoutD.beyond(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.heightenedB.expandedC.emphasizedD.worsened(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.foulB.witnessC.silenceD.prey(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.delightedB
12、.indulgedC.involvedD.shared(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.decideB.fabricateC.assumeD.believe(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.susceptibleB.immuneC.harmfulD.indifferent(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.operationsB.therapiesC.deedsD.mendsScientists have discovered a powerful antibiotic in the blood stream of giant pandas that can destro
13、y bacteria The Chinese researchers discovered the【C1】_known as cathelicidin-AM, after【C2】_the panda“s DNA. It“s thought that the antibiotic is【C3】_by the bear“s immune system in order to protect them from infections. The scientists found that cathelicidin-AM killed bacteria in less than an hour【C4】_
14、other antibiotics took more than six hours. They now want to develop the substance as a new drug to fight superbugs. The【C5】_bears, of which there are just 1,600 in the wild, have become a symbol for conservationand now there could be a new reason to try and protect them.【C6】_, scientists will not n
15、eed to rely on the animal“s unreliable breeding ability to【C7】_the new antibiotic, as they have been able to make it artificially in the lab by decoding the genes to produce a small molecule known as a peptide. Dr Xiuwen Yan, who led the research at the Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural
16、University in China told the Daily Telegraph: “It showed potential antimicrobial activities against wide【C8】_of microorganisms including bacteria, both standard and drug-resistant【C9】_. Under the pressure of increasing microorganisms【C10】_drug resistance against conventional antibiotics, there is【C1
17、1】_need to develop new type of antimicrobial agents. Gene-encoded antibiotics play an important role in immune system against【C12】_microorganisms. They cause much less drug resistance than conventional antibiotics.“ Panda populations have decreased【C13】_the destruction of their natural habitat and b
18、amboo food【C14】_in China and south east Asia.【C15】_to increase their numbers, including efforts at Edinburgh Zoo with resident pandas Tian Tian and Yang Guang, have been【C16】_for the extreme difficulty in getting them to breed in captivity.【C17】_in the wild, pandas【C18】_to breed easily, as the femal
19、es only come into season once a year. It has been【C19】_that the millions of pounds spent in using expensive artificial breeding techniques could be put to better use on other conservation projects. And this new discovery is likely to【C20】_the case to save the endangered creatures.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（
20、分数：2.00）A.medicineB.compoundC.compactD.factor(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.analyzingB.observingC.exploitingD.taking(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.relievedB.receivedC.releasedD.revealed(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.forB.afterC.unlessD.while(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.distinctiveB.expensiveC.lovelyD.distinguished(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.Unfortunatel
21、yB.ThankfullyC.SurprisinglyD.Naturally(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.proveB.excludeC.maintainD.harvest(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.areaB.extentC.spectrumD.margin(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.chainsB.strainsC.seriesD.moulds(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.withoutB.fromC.amongD.with(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.urgentB.basicC.rushD.hasty(12).【C12】（分数：2.0
22、0）A.disastrousB.profitableC.poisonousD.normal(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.with reference toB.owing toC.according toD.in spite of(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.qualitiesB.safetiesC.transportD.supplies(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.AttemptsB.abilitiesC.motivationsD.failures(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.discardedB.promotedC.frustratedD.in
23、creased(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.ButB.EvenC.SinceD.Only(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.tendB.seemC.likeD.struggle(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.predictedB.debatedC.decidedD.abolished(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.dropB.preventC.strengthenD.fasten考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 85 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I U
24、se of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：If you can“t resist the chance to put on a bet, blame your insulaa region of your brain. Scientists think that when this brain area is overactive, the heart rules our
25、 head and we can“t help but【C1】_our losses. The Cambridge University researchers said: “Future treatments for gambling addiction could seek to reduce this overactivity, either by drugs or psychological techniques.“ The researchers made the【C2】_after asking people with various brain injuries and heal
26、thy people play slot machine and roulette (a gambling game). A near miss on the slot machines made the players,【C3】_those with the damaged insulas, extra-keen to try their luck again.【C4】_, all of the players, apart from those with faulty insulas, made a【C5】_mistake when playing roulette. Dr Luke Cl
27、ark from the University of Cambridge, who led the research, explained that during gambling games, people often【C6】_their chances of winning【C7】_a number of errors of thinking called【C8】_distortions. For example, “near-misses“ seem to encourage further play,【C9】_they are no different from any other l
28、oss. In a【C10】_sequence like tossing a coin, a【C11】_of one event (heads) makes people think the other【C12】_(tails) is due next; this is known as the “gambler“s fallacy“. There is increasing【C13】_that problem gamblers are particularly prone to these erroneous beliefs. By studying these people, the re
29、searchers found that all of them【C14】_the exception of the patients with insula damagereported a【C15】_motivation to play following near-misses in the slot machine game, and also fell【C16】_to the gambler“s fallacy in the roulette game. The finding, which is published in the journal Proceedings of the
30、 National Academy of Sciences, suggests that the insula, which is【C17】_in gut feelings and decision-making, is key to the psychology of gambling. “Based on these results, we【C18】_that the insula could be overactive in problem gamblers, making them more【C19】_to these errors of thinking,“ said Dr Clar
31、ke. “Future treatments for gambling addiction could seek to reduce this overactivity, either by drugs or by psychological techniques like mindfulness【C20】_.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.stopB.regretC.chase D.figure解析：解析：首句提到脑岛(insula)过分活跃的人会抵制不住赌博的诱惑(can“t resist the chance)：第三段首句也提到他们会特别想“再次试试自己的运气
32、”，这表明他们会继续赌博。C项 chase“追求；追逐”代入后可指他们想追回损失再次赌博。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.link B.inventionC.prescriptionD.practice解析：解析：此句说明研究者通过询问玩老虎机(slot machine)和轮盘赌(roulette)的不同人群之后做了什么。文章首段及本句引号中研究者的观点中都提到大脑区域的“过分活跃(overactivity)”和“赌瘾(gambling addiction)”间存在因果关系。A 项 link“联系”能概括这一观点，符合语义要求意为研究者将两者联系在一起了。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00
33、）A.except B.includingC.plusD.towards解析：解析：第二段最后一句谈到研究者比较了脑部损伤的人和健康人之间的不同表现。本段第二句的apart from those with faulty insulas 表明脑岛受损的玩家会有不同表现。A 项 except“除了”与apart from 意思相同，可说明他们的行为不同于常人。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.ConsequentlyB.Similarly C.ConverselyD.Eventually解析：解析：roulette 与 slot machine 都是赌博游戏。根据下一个空格前后 made am
34、istake 可断定players 在玩 roulette 时的表现很接近。B 项 Similarly“类似地”符合要求。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.hugeB.ridiculousC.distinguishedD.common 解析：解析：句子说明“除了脑岛有问题的玩家外，所有玩家会犯错误”。所有的人都犯的错误。应是较为普遍的错误。D 项 common“共同的，常见的”符合语义要求。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.forecastB.advanceC.minimizeD.misperceive 解析：解析：上文提到玩家会“犯错误(mistake)”，下文又用例子说明在掷硬币的
35、游戏中，人们是会错误判断自己取胜的机会。第三段有表明赌徒尤为容易受到错误(erroneous)信念的影响。D 项misperceive“误解”符合上下文的语义要求。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.regardless ofB.due to C.apart fromD.in exchange for解析：解析：上下文语义表明人们经常错误地判断自己的取胜机会。这当然是由人们的错误思想所致。因此，可判断空格后 a number of errors of thinking 是整个句子中表示原因的部分。B 项 due to“因为”符合逻辑和语义要求。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.physi
36、calB.cognitive C.intellectualD.emotional解析：解析：空格前过去分词 called 表明它后面的内容应概括和对应 called 之前的 a number oferrors of thinking。名词 distortions(曲解)对应 errors，所需词应能对应 thinking(思维)。B 项 cognitive意为“认知的”，与思维和推理相关，符合语义要求。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.only ifB.so thatC.even though D.as if解析：解析：前半句表明“差点就赢”(near-misses)会促使玩家继续下注，空
37、格后 they 指代前半句中的near-misses，表明它实际上与输没有区别。前后分句间存在语义上的转折和让步，C 项 eventhough“尽管”符合句意。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.random B.logicalC.linearD.systematic解析：解析：后半句讨论到硬币是正面(heads)朝上还是背面(tails)朝上。这是随机的事情。故 A 项random“任意的，随机的”符合语义要求。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.phaseB.portionC.paradeD.run 解析：解析：基于概率论，人们会以为多次的正面朝上后，会很快出现背面朝上的结果。
38、D 项 run 代入后组成 a run of 的短语，表示“很多次的”，符合语义要求。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.componentB.expectationC.outcome D.picture解析：解析：在掷硬币游戏中，正面或背面朝上就是可能出现的两种结果。空格前提到 heads(正面朝上)，空格后括号中的 tails(背面朝上)是可能的另一结果。C 项 outcome“结果”符合要求。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.confidenceB.evidence C.resolutionD.experience解析：解析：空格后 that 从句表明上瘾的赌徒尤为容易受到
39、错误信念的影响，而接下来的第二句则是对空格句的具体解释。因此所需名词与“发现”有紧密的语义关联。B 项 evidence“证据，凭证”能让两个句子在语义上保持通顺并互相呼应。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.with B.offC.withoutD.beyond解析：解析：前文多处提到脑岛有损伤或有问题的人在玩赌博游戏时与健康人表现不同。该句再次重申此发现，说明只有那些脑岛受损的人不会再想着去试运气。A 项 with 搭配 the exceptionof 表示“除之外”正确。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.heightened B.expandedC.emphasizedD.
40、worsened解析：解析：第三段首句提到差点就赢(near miss)的玩家特别想(extra-keen to)再次试试运气。此句中所提到的研究发现与上文的观点一致，可判断有赌瘾的赌徒(them 所指代的人)的赌博动机(motivations)会更强。A 项 heightened“增强的”符合语义要求。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.foulB.witnessC.silenceD.prey 解析：解析：从空格前 fell 一词，可判断此句涉及赌徒玩 roulette 游戏的结果。赌徒谬论是错误的思维因此可推断基于“赌徒谬论”的赌徒会再次输掉。D 项 prey“猎物”搭配 fell
41、及介词 to 后，指“成为的牺牲品”，能表示赌徒输掉游戏的结果。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.delightedB.indulgedC.involved D.shared解析：解析：关系代词 which 指代上句中的 insula。上文提到脑岛的过分活跃会让人再次赌博，可见脑岛与打算再次赌博的决定有关。C 项 involved“涉及，包含”能体现两者之间的关系。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.decideB.fabricateC.assumeD.believe 解析：解析：Based on 表明了 Dr Clarke 的说法是有依据的，因而填入的动词应含肯定的语气。D 项
42、believe“相信”符合句子逻辑。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.susceptible B.immuneC.harmfulD.indifferent解析：解析：空格处于分词短语中，说明脑岛的过度活跃(overactive)对赌徒造成的影响。上文多处提到赌徒会因为思维错误或“赌徒谬论”而继续赌博。因此 A 项 susceptible“容易受影响的”符合要求。说明赌徒会更容易受错误思维的误导。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.operationsB.therapies C.deedsD.mends解析：解析：此句谈论赌瘾的治疗(treatments for gambling
43、addiction)。like 后连接的是psychological techniques(心理事段)的例子。因此空格处填入的词应与治疗相关，B 项 therapies 意为“治疗，疗法”，符合逻辑要求。Scientists have discovered a powerful antibiotic in the blood stream of giant pandas that can destroy bacteria The Chinese researchers discovered the【C1】_known as cathelicidin-AM, after【C2】_the pand
44、a“s DNA. It“s thought that the antibiotic is【C3】_by the bear“s immune system in order to protect them from infections. The scientists found that cathelicidin-AM killed bacteria in less than an hour【C4】_other antibiotics took more than six hours. They now want to develop the substance as a new drug t
45、o fight superbugs. The【C5】_bears, of which there are just 1,600 in the wild, have become a symbol for conservationand now there could be a new reason to try and protect them.【C6】_, scientists will not need to rely on the animal“s unreliable breeding ability to【C7】_the new antibiotic, as they have be
46、en able to make it artificially in the lab by decoding the genes to produce a small molecule known as a peptide. Dr Xiuwen Yan, who led the research at the Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University in China told the Daily Telegraph: “It showed potential antimicrobial activities agains
47、t wide【C8】_of microorganisms including bacteria, both standard and drug-resistant【C9】_. Under the pressure of increasing microorganisms【C10】_drug resistance against conventional antibiotics, there is【C11】_need to develop new type of antimicrobial agents. Gene-encoded antibiotics play an important ro
48、le in immune system against【C12】_microorganisms. They cause much less drug resistance than conventional antibiotics.“ Panda populations have decreased【C13】_the destruction of their natural habitat and bamboo food【C14】_in China and south east Asia.【C15】_to increase their numbers, including efforts at Edinburg
