1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 85 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 As America moves into the 21st century, the changing composition of the workforce will become more evident to both the general public and American busine
2、sses. In the early part of the 21st century, growth in the U.S. labor supply is expected to slow considerably. If labor demand remains as strong as in recent years, firms will have to continue their active recruitment of new workers to fill job openings. This increased emphasis on recruitment has cr
3、eated and will continue to create new employment opportunities for a broader group of job seekers from relatively untapped labor pools. Demographically, the share of whites and males in the labor force will continue to fall in the 21st century, while the share of women and ethnic and racial minority
4、 workers, especially Hispanics and Asians, will grow. The characteristics of this more diverse group of individuals could have important implications for American workplaces.High skills and knowledge are important to American firms competing in a global economy and the best measure of skills and kno
5、wledge is educational attainment. While the U.S. workforce as a whole has a higher educational level than ever, some problems are clear. Levels of educational attainment are quite low among recent immigrant groups. For example, less than 25 percent of the Mexican-born population residing in the U.S.
6、 has a high school diploma or higher. As growth in the U.S. labor force slows, improvements in the overall skills and competence of the workforce will depend primarily on upgrading the skills of existing workers. Attempts to improve the educational attainment of future cohorts of workers through edu
7、cational reform are vitally important. Strong recruitment of new workers coupled with continued interest in cultivating workplace diversity means that businesses must be aware of current and future trends in the racial, ethnic, age, and gender composition of the workforce.1 A trend in the new Americ
8、an workforce is_.（A）a declining number of males entering the workforce（B） a growing oversupply of workers in relation to demand（C） a growing oversupply of immigrant workers（D）a decreasing share of white workers in the workforce2 One characteristic of the new workforce is_.（A）the low educational leve
9、l of it compared to previous years（B） the large share of Mexican immigrants（C） the low educational level of its immigrants（D）a gap between educational levels in certain immigrants3 By referring to problems with the Mexican immigrant workforce the author means to say that_.（A）the government should be
10、 more selective about which immigrants they allow（B） employers must improve their recruitment methods to avoid hiring them（C） the education system needs to create programs to upgrade workers skills（D）the result will be a decrease in American competitiveness4 The main idea of the second paragraph is_
11、.（A）diversity of the workforce has its disadvantages（B） besides new opportunities, the changing workforce also contain challenges（C） the low educational levels of immigrants is a challenging problem（D）America had better face the problem of declining skills or it will suffer5 Which of the following w
12、ould be the best title for the text?（A）The Drawbacks of Immigrant Labour（B） Reasons Behind Declining Skills in the American Workforce（C） The Advantages and Disadvantages of Workplace Diversity（D）The Opportunities and Challenges Ahead in Our Changing Workforce5 Many now have been breathing hot flames
13、 at our industry and so I thought it would be time to say my piece this week, after all, we in the business cannot deny that it has been a rough spring for newspaper editors and reporters. Ethical scandals great and small have soiled newsrooms from coast to coast. Everyone knows about the profound d
14、eceits of Jayson Blair at The New York Times, and the “Writergate“ controversy involving Rick Bragg, which led to the departure of the two top editors at the paper. Other misdeeds have ranged from two reporters at The Salt Lake Tribune selling information to The National Enquirer, to a food writer f
15、or The Hartford Courant fired for plagiarizing recipes. Are newspaper standards going to pot?Some say ethics are worse than everor are they? The past is filled with people running photos of wrestlers in the sports section in exchange for money. In fact, ethical breaches may be less of a problem than
16、 20 years ago. A lot of newspapers are cutting corners, but the standards in the business have improved. There were things going on in the pastsuch as reporters writing speeches for politicians they covered and taking bribes from lobbyistsbut people back then were quietly moved out or they left on t
17、heir own. There was no public display.The industry as a whole is in trouble because, due to media concentration, people at the top are taking out too much money and driving the profits up. The perception is that the real customers are not those who read the paper but those who buy the stock, which d
18、amages the profession. Some of this is about resource pressure. Copydesks are overloaded and there is not enough time and more reporters are having to report by phone. The larger the size of newspapers, the less communication between divisions there tends to be. Reporters dont climb the stairs anymo
19、re, they are highly trained people who sit in their offices and write term papers and wont sully themselves going to a greasy housing project or stand out in the rain for a few hours. The economics of journalism along with technological changes has created an atmosphere of trying to get enormous amo
20、unts of information as rapidly as possible. The important thing is to make sure the ownership understands the value of a news organization with integrity and every paper needs to slow down and remind ourselves that we have nothing to sell if the readers dont believe us.6 The main idea of the first p
21、aragraph is that_.（A）there are too many ethical scandals going on in newspapers（B） there is a perception that newspapers should do more to correct mistakes（C） this has been a rough time for newspapers and many are wondering what is wrong（D）newsrooms are suffering from a decline in standards7 There i
22、s large concentration of ownership today_.（A）so the quality standards from them have declined（B） although competition among them has increased（C） but the standards among newsrooms have improved over the years（D）and this means that the qualifications of reporters is declining8 Technology has meant mo
23、re information is available at a faster speed_.（A）but this creates pressures on newsrooms to control it（B） and this has meant that newsrooms can improve its quality（C） and this has created division among the various departments in a newspaper（D）but there needs to be more reflection on the integrity
24、of the process9 Who are the kinds of reporters the writer seems to admire most?（A）Reporters who are highly trained.（B） Reporters who wont sully themselves.（C） Reporters who are willing to sacrifice to chase after a story.（D）Reporters who know how to sift through a lot of information.10 The text is m
25、ost likely part of a_.（A）news article（B） column（C） research report（D）preface10 Over the last twenty years, scholarly and popular writers have analyzed and celebrated the worlds of leisure and entertainment in the burgeoning cities of mid nineteenth-century America, greatly expanding the literature o
26、n these subjects. They have found an enthusiastic readership by offering glimpses of modes of leisure, performance, and charlatanism that passed from the scene in the early 20th century, indicating how lively they were and how comparatively impoverished our own entertainment choices have become in a
27、n era dominated by corporate electronic media.Many scholars have been lured into a fascination with the extinct demimonde of dime museums, exhibition halls, saloons, and industrial exhibitions. During this period entertainment relied upon artful deception, comparable in importance to such contempora
28、ry forms of amusement as minstrelsy and melodrama. The cultural activities were forms of representational play in which spectators are caused to doubt their perceptions and judgment. Entertainments that tricked, or duped the paying public flourished in Americas cities in the 19th century. What disti
29、nguished these cohorts of entertainers, was not their ability to perpetrate fraud but that they understood the dynamics of a new urban audience that enjoyed distinguishing the genuine from the fake and the authentic from the concocted. The willing audience for artful deceptions maintained a double c
30、onsciousness in which it simultaneously marveled at the qualities of the object or action displayed while enjoying the act of appraising the quality, audacity, and performance of the deception.By offering semiotic analyses of a range of Victorian performances, we learn there was more to these exhibi
31、tions than appeared at first viewing. The tricks and lures of these entertainers deserve a more than marginal position in American cultural history. 11 The author thinks current entertainment is inferior to that from the past because_.（A）it is not lively and doesnt have enough charlatanism（B） the ch
32、oices are controlled by corporate electronic media（C） there is a lack of funding towards quality entertainment（D）peoples values have changed for the worse12 It can be learned from this text that the types of entertainment discussed_.（A）have become increasingly popular among scholars since the 1980s（
33、B） were so sophisticated that audiences suspected nothing（C） actually involved very little actual fraud（D）were successful in discouraging people from doubting their perceptions13 According to the author, the entertainment he discusses was so popular because_.（A）people didnt know they were being tric
34、ked（B） people liked the performances and the chance to test their own judgment（C） people had a double consciousness of love and hate of it（D）people merely treated it an interesting game of deciding which was real and not14 It can be concluded from the text that_.（A）the entertainment died out as soci
35、ety became more skeptical（B） the skills the entertainment employed were part of its ultimate demise（C） the entertainment used highly skilled understanding of human nature（D）the entertainment served a very important part role in the lives of people15 Which of the following best summarizes the main id
36、ea of the text?（A）We should regard such entertainment as an important part of our cultural heritage.（B） Entertainment was much better in the past than today.（C） We should never underestimate the skills used to deceive.（D）We need to make more people aware of this unique form of entertainment.15 Thank
37、s to more than 50 years of research, we know how to change childrens behavior. In brief, you identify the unwanted behavior, define its positive opposite(the desirable behavior you want to replace it with), and then make sure that your child engages in a lot of reinforced practice of the new behavio
38、r until it replaces the unwanted one. Reinforced practice means that you pay as much attention as possible to the positive opposite so that your child falls into a pattern: Do the right behavior, get a reward(praise or a token); do the behavior, get a reward. Real life is never as mechanically predi
39、ctable as that formula makes it sound, and many other factors will bear on your successincluding your relationship with your child, what behaviors you model in your home, and what influences your child is exposed to in other relationshipsbut, still, we know that reinforced practice usually works. If
40、 you handle the details properly, in most cases a relatively brief period of intense attention to the problem, lasting perhaps a few weeks, should be enough to work a permanent change in behavior.So, yes, you can change your childs behavior, but that doesnt mean you always should. When faced with an
41、 unwanted behavior, ask yourself if changing a behavior will really make a worthwhile difference in your childs life and your own. Many unwanted behaviors, including some that disturb parents, tend to drop out on their own, especially if you dont overreact to them and reinforce them with a great dea
42、l of excited attention. Take thumb sucking, which is quite common up to age 5. At that point it drops off sharply and continues to decline. Unless the dentist tells you that you need to do something about it right now, you can probably let thumb sucking go.Now, were not saying that you should ignore
43、 lying or stealing or some other potentially serious misbehavior just because it will probably drop out on its own in good time. Theres an important distinction to be made here between managing behavior and other parental motives and duties. Parents punish for several reasonsto teach right and wrong
44、, to satisfy the demands of justice, to establish their authoritythat have little to do with changing behavior. You cant just let vandalism go without consequences, and its reasonable to refuse to put up with even a lesser offense such as undue whining, but dont confuse punishing misbehavior with ta
45、king effective steps to eliminate it. Punishment on its own(that is, not supplemented by reinforced practice of the positive opposite)has been proven again and again to be a fairly weak method for changing behavior. The misbehaviors in question, minor or serious, are more likely to drop out on their
46、 own than they are to be eliminated through punishment.16 The invention of the method of altering childrens behavior is owing to_.（A）the desirable behavior（B） reinforced practice（C） decades of study（D）replacement of unwanted behaviors17 Which of the following is NOT one of the factors affecting the
47、result of changing childrens behavior?（A）The reinforced practice of the positive opposite.（B） The way parents behave at home.（C） The influences of other relationships of children.（D）The separation of the parents of young children.18 By mentioning “thumb sucking“, the author wants to prove that_.（A）s
48、ome behaviors are common before the age of 5（B） children will stop some behaviors as they grow（C） many behaviors only happen when children drop out（D）some parents overreact to their childrens behavior19 The underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 refers to_.（A）in great time（B） religiously（C） very soon（D）na
49、turally20 Parents who want to make calls at home probably_.（A）plead their children to hate them（B） perform parental motives and duties（C） take effective steps to eliminate misbehaviors（D）teach their children right from wrong考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 85 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 属事实细节题。可以依据原文信息并结合排除法做出选择。文中说男性工人比例将下降，但并不证明人数会减少，故 A 项错。文中讲到劳动力需求强劲，B 项与原文信息相违背。文中只讲到近期移
