1、考研英语-试卷 85 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The federal entity created by the Constitution is by far the dominant feature of the A
2、merican governmental system. (1)_ the system itself is in reality a mosaic, (2)_ of thousands of smaller unitsbuilding blocks which together (3)_ the whole. There are 50 state governments (4)_ the government of the District of Columbia, and further down the ladder are still smaller units, (5)_ count
3、ies, cities, towns and villages. This (6)_ of governmental units is best understood (7)_ the evolution of the United States. The federal system, it has been seen, was the last step in the (8)_ process. Prior to its creation, there were the governments of the (9)_ colonies (later states) and prior to
4、 (10)_, the governments of counties and smaller units. One of the first tasks (11)_ by the early English settlers was the creation of governmental units for the tiny (12)_ they established along the Atlantic coast. Even before the Pilgrims disembarked (13)_ their ship in 1620, they (14)_ the Mayflow
5、er Compact, the first written American constitution. And as the new nation pushed (15)_ each frontier outpost created its own government to manage its affairs. The drafters of the U.S. Constitution left this multilayered governmental system (16)_. While they made the national structure supreme, they
6、 wisely (17)_ the need for a series of governments more directly in (18)_ with the people and more keenly attuned(合拍) to their needs. Thus, certain (19)_ such as defense, currency regulation and foreign relationscould only be managed by a strong centralized government. But (20)_ such as sanitation,
7、education and local transportationbelong mainly to local jurisdictions(管辖权).（分数：40.00）A.ThereforeB.EventuallyC.ButD.PresumablyA.comprisedB.consistedC.constitutedD.composedA.take upB.occupyC.make upD.crowd intoA.includingB.amongC.plusD.exceptingA.governingB.such asC.for exampleD.likeA.multiplicityB.m
8、ultiplicationC.qualificationD.referenceA.in terms ofB.concerningC.in view ofD.givenA.revolutionaryB.evolutionaryC.developmentD.preliminaryA.separateB.independentC.individualD.federalA.itB.thatC.thoseD.whichA.madeB.executeC.dischargeD.accomplishedA.villagesB.settlementsC.placesD.unitsA.inB.atC.fromD.
9、unitsA.wroteB.suggestedC.implicatedD.formulatedA.westwardB.forwardC.downwardD.southwardA.intuitiveB.unfinishedC.untouchedD.unfavorableA.foundB.recordedC.enteredD.recognizedA.lineB.contactC.harmonyD.connectionA.functionsB.policiesC.obligationsD.topicsA.othersB.needsC.forD.any二、Reading Comprehensio(总题
10、数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The moral high ground has always been female territory. Men, after all, lie and cheat and rob and pollute the environment and disproporti
11、onately populate the prisons, while women do their best to appreciate their good qualities. Some women, at least. But with the rise of feminism, the assaults on men“s moral probity have become more frequent, and the belief in their arrogance and lack of concern for anything but their own selfish end
12、s has become a truism. It“s the men who are greedy. It“s the men who are disloyal. It“s the men who will do anything for money. It“s the men who are immature. In the world of sport, pouty male athletes are Whipping boys of talk radio. They have graced the cover of Sports Illustrate, and on the insid
13、e have been vilified for a litany d sins, among them greed, disdain for the fans who pay their exorbitant salaries, and a lack of respect for the game that the fans love and that has made them rich. Female athletes, on the other hand, have been placed on a pedestalbut it has been a pretty easy one t
14、o climb. For one thing, there hasn“t been enough money to get greedy about. For another, there haven“t been any fans. And for third, those who didn“t love the game had absolutely no reason to keep playing. But thanks to the rise of women“s basketball, female basketball players are going to find them
15、selves tempted by the same vanities that have seduced so many men- and though we know some will give in, we don“t know how many. For women“s basketball to become a major sport in America, as opposed to a profitable one like arena football, something is going to be offered other than just pure skill.
16、 That something should be, and if fact will have to be, a different attitude, a purer sense of sport, than the men deliver. It may be asking too much of women to withstand the temptations that have sucked male athletes into prima donna poses, but then again it may be true that women have occupied th
17、e high moral ground for so long because they actually are more sensitive to what“s important in the long run. I honestly don“t know how this drama will play out, but the process will tell us about more than just the fate of women“s basketball. If women, who are steadily gaining more and more control
18、 in this world, can truly respond in a more reasoned way to the pull of power, then there is hope for the 21st century. But if women, as a gender, can do no hatter than men when given the chance, then in basketball as in life, we can only look ahead to more of the same.（分数：10.00）(1).The moral high g
19、round has always been female territory because_.（分数：2.00）A.men do evil things, while women do their best to appreciate their qualitiesB.the heavy burden of life forces men to be cunning and worldly, while women only need to enjoy the lifeC.men aren“t as good as womenD.men don“t think that the moral
20、is important(2).Female athletes keep playing in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.earn enough money to make a livingB.become famous peopleC.defeat men athletesD.do something interesting(3).Women have occupied the high moral ground for so long because_.（分数：2.00）A.they are more sensible to what“s wrong than menB.t
21、hey are more sensitive to what“s important in the long run than menC.they are more sagacious to wrongdoings than menD.they are more intelligent than men in some areas(4).According to the article, does the author think that female athletes will withstand the temptations that have sucked male athletes
22、 into prima donna poses?（分数：2.00）A.Yes.B.No.C.Some will.D.None of the above.(5).There is hope for the 21st century, if_.（分数：2.00）A.women can overcome men entirelyB.women can control the world absolutelyC.women can truly respond in a more reasoned way to the pull of powerD.women can shoulder the fate
23、 of human beingsProlonged and excessive use of alcohol can seriously undermine an individual“s health. Physical deterioration occurs. Large quantities of alcohol can directly damage body tissue and indirectly cause malnutrition. Nutritional deficiencies can result for several reasons. Alcohol contai
24、ns empty calories, which have no significant nutritive value. When consumed in substantial amounts, alcohol curbs one“s appetite for more wholesome foods. Excessive alcohol intake can interfere with the proper digestion and absorption of food. Therefore, even the heavy drinker who does eat a well-ba
25、lanced diet is deprived of me essential nutrients. Maintenance of a drinking habit can deplete economic resources otherwise available for buying good, wholesome food. Malnutrition itself further reduces the body“s ability to utilize the nutrients consumed. The result of damaged tissue and malnutriti
26、on can be brain injury, heart disease, diabetes, or cancer of the liver, and weakened muscle tissue. Untreated alcoholism can reduce one“s life span by ten to twelve years. Heavy alcohol consumption also affects the body“s usage of other drugs and medications. The dosages required by excessive drink
27、ers may differ from those required by normal or non-drinkers. Serious consequences can be incurred unless the prescribing physician is aware of the patient“s drinking habits. Sudden death may result from excessive drinking. It might occur when the individual has ingested such a large amount of alcoh
28、ol that the brain center controlling breathing and heart action is adversely affected, or when taking some other drugs, particularly sleep preparations along with alcohol. Death, as a result of excessive drinking, can come during an automobile accident since half of all fatal traffic accidents invol
29、ve the use of alcohol. Many self-inflicted deaths, as well as homicides, involve the use of alcohol. It is important to remember that alcohol is a drug that is potentially addictive. Once the user is hooked on alcohol, withdrawal symptoms occur when it is not sufficiently available to body cells. At
30、 the onset of developing alcohol addiction, these symptoms may be relatively mild and include hand tremors, anxiety, nausea, and sweating. As dependency increases, so does the severity of the withdrawal syndrome and the need for medical assistance to cope with it. In 1956 the American Medical Associ
31、ation supported the growing acceptance of alcoholism as an illness, falling under the treatment jurisdiction of the medical profession. Since then, the medical resources for problems of acute and chronic intoxication have increased and improved.（分数：10.00）(1).To develop his point, the author has used
32、_.（分数：2.00）A.sensory wordsB.convincing argumentsC.scientific factsD.figures of speech(2).Which of the following statements is false?（分数：2.00）A.Heavy drinkers are in poverty.B.Heavy drinkers are likely to die suddenly.C.Physicians should know about seine of their patients“ habits.D.Heavy drinkers usu
33、ally live shorter than ordinary people.(3).Heavy alcohol consumption leads to_.（分数：2.00）A.depriving people of their appetiteB.disturbing people“s digestion systemsC.lacking of money to buy wholesome food sometimesD.making people thinner and thinner(4).What can be inferred from the passage?（分数：2.00）A
34、.Alcoholism can be treated as other illnesses.B.Intoxication is prohibited by law.C.Excessive drinking results in criminal behavior.D.People are fully aware of the serious consequences of heavy alcohol consumption.(5).Physical dependence on alcohol results from_.（分数：2.00）A.drinking it excessively ov
35、er long timeB.using it quantitatively for medical care for a long periodC.consuming it exclusively on social occasionsD.applying it carelessly to unpleasant symptomsTechnologists aren“t usually known for their sense of humor, but last week Scott McNealy, chief executive of Sun Microsystems, was work
36、ing hard to come up with the Quip of the Day. For four contentious hours, he and another casualty of the software wars, Netscape“s Jim Barksdale, took turns before the Senate Judiciary committee slamming their nemesis, Bill Gates. They called him a predator, a monopolist, the “most dangerous and pow
37、erful industrialist of our age!. Microsoft“s Windows operating systems, driving 90 percent of the computers across the land, are the railroads of our dawning Information Age. No one person should be allowed to control them, they argued. Cyberspace should be open to all, Gates insisted it still was.
38、He“s no monopolist, he told the senators. Windows is vulnerable. So is his company. “Technology is ever-changing“, Gates retorted. Who knows what new wave will come along and sweep even mighty Microsoft into the dustbin of history? To many that sounded a bit disingenuous, given Microsoft“s dominance
39、, and the lawmakers were skeptical, to say the least. But might Gates be right? Last week“s other big tech news gave just such a hint. First, Intel announced a surprise drop in first-quarter earnings. That was followed late Friday by report that Compaq“s financials would also be disappointing. Deman
40、d for computers seems to be slowing, analyst suggesteda trend due in part to a range of short-term factors, including Asia“s economic crisis. “I don“t think we have clear date either as a company or an industry as to what these numbers mean“, says Intel spokesman Howard High, True enough. But the sl
41、owdown is a sharp reminder that consumer demand for computers has fallen short of the hype surrounding the Info Revolution. Three years ago, 31 percent of U.S. house holds owned a computer. Today, 40 percent do. “We should be at 60 to 65 percent“, says Nick Donatiello, president of Odyssey Communica
42、tions, a San Francisco market-research firm. For most Americans, he suggests, the personal computer is not yet the indispensable tool that digital enthusiasts think it is. Today, new products are coming out that resemble computers but aren“t, and they may eventually appeal to frustrated consumers mo
43、re than hard-to-use PCs. The computer “is a technology-driven device made by technologists for technologists who don“t know any better“, says Donald Norman, senior technical adviser to Hewlett Packard. At the same time, new alliances between companies and industries are aiming to dash in on the Inte
44、rnet of tomorrowwithout partnering with the titans of today. If all this poses a challenge for Intel, it portends even greater difficulties for Microsoft. All the challenges and threats pose a compelling question: if Microsoft enjoys the monopoly critics say it has, how long will it last?（分数：10.00）(
45、1).Scott McNealy and Jim Barksdale slammed Bill Gates for_.（分数：2.00）A.monopolizing the software marketB.monopolizing the hardware marketC.90 percent of the computers using WindowsD.his most dangerous and powerful industry of our age(2).According to Nick Donatiello, President of Odyssey Communication
46、s, the personal computer_.（分数：2.00）A.is a necessityB.is a dispensable toolC.is an indispensable toolD.is nothing but a videogame player(3).According to the passage, it can be inferred that_.（分数：2.00）A.Bill Gates is a monopolistB.Bill Gates is complacentC.Bill Gates is worried about the future of Mic
47、rosoftD.Bill Gates won“t ally with other companies except Intel(4).What“s implied in the sentence “The computer is a technology-driven device made by technologists for technologists who don“t know any better“?（分数：2.00）A.It“s hard to define the computer.B.Technologists don“t know much about the compu
48、ter.C.Technology is ever changing.D.The computer is hard to use.(5).What is the author“s attitude toward Bill Gates“ point of view concerning the future of Microsoft?（分数：2.00）A.Approval.B.Skeptical.C.Opposed.D.Critical.Machines and foreign competition will replace millions of American jobs. But work will be plentiful for people trained in the occupations of the future. The Labor Department predicts a net increase of 25 million new jobs in the United States in 1995 with service-industry jobs g
