1、考研英语二（阅读）-试卷 10 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_“Nanny“ , “tyrant“these were among the charges hurl
2、ed at Michael Bloomberg, New York“s mayor, when he proposed a ban on big fizzy-drink bottles last May. The billionaire shrugged and pushed forward. However even Mr Bloomberg must heed a court order. The American Beverage Association, which represents Coca-Cola and other soda companies, has sued. Mr
3、Bloomberg“s ban is due to start on March 12th, but a judge may intervene. Three years after Michelle Obama launched her Let“s Move! campaign, the fight against childhood obesity faces a tactical problem. Recent years have been dipping obesity rates in a few places, including New York, Mississippi an
4、d Philadelphia. But 17% of American children are still obese. The question is how to speed up progress. Further bans look increasingly unlikely. Voluntary programs remain politically much easier. Mrs Obama has exhorted firms to take action. Many companies have. On March 6th the Partnership for a Hea
5、lthier America, a business group, published a report praising its members for putting more grocers in poor areas and healthier foods at restaurants. Sixteen food and beverage companies have promised to slash a combined 1. 5 trillion calories from their products by 2015. Their first progress report i
6、s due in June. The long-term effect of these efforts may be slim. For example, even if the food and drink firms keep their promise, they would cut just 14 calories from the average American“s daily diet. Regulations might bring bigger change, but recent years suggest that such rules will come slowly
7、, if at all. Congress did pass a law requiring healthier school lunches, though its effects are limited. Other attempts at national regulation have stalled. Four federal agencies studied voluntary guidelines to limit junk-food advertisements to children. Under pressure from Congress, the agencies dr
8、opped the effort. Obamacare requires that all restaurants and cinemas post the number of calories in their foods. The Food and Drug Administration proposed a rule for menus in 2011 , but has yet to finalise the regulation. Cities and states are more likely to act than Congress(hardly a high bar), bu
9、t they face their own challenges. Last year the beverage lobby spent more than $ 2. 8m to defeat a soda tax in the small city of Richmond, California. Even Mr Bloomberg, the anti-obesity crusade“s most fervent warrior, can only do so much.（分数：10.00）(1).We know from the first paragraph that Michael B
10、loomberg is_.（分数：2.00）A.a director of a soda companyB.a judge of the New York CityC.an advocate of big fizzy-drink bottlesD.an enthusiast of banning junk food and drinks(2).Michelle Obama“s Let“s Move! campaign aims at_.（分数：2.00）A.fighting against the problem of obesityB.solving the problem of high
11、divorce rateC.handling the problem of children obesityD.addressing the problem of racial discrimination(3).We learn from Paragraph 3 that_.（分数：2.00）A.many firms have answered Mrs Obama“s callB.Partnership for a Healthier America is a political organizationC.the efforts of the food and drink companie
12、s may seem effective in the long termD.sixteen food and drink companies have cut down 1.5 trillion calories from their products(4).Four federal agencies dropped their efforts because of_.（分数：2.00）A.the pressure from the publicB.the pressure from CongressC.the requirement from ObamacareD.the Food and
13、 Drug Administration(5).We can infer from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.there is no soda tax in the city of RichmondB.cities and states are less likely to take actionC.cities and states face less challenges than CongressD.Mr Bloomberg helps to cancel soda tax in RichmondMost people would not p
14、ay two cents for something worth one. But America“s government spent $ 116m last year doing just that. The money-losing purchase was money itself; the penny, which has cost more than a cent to produce since 2006, due mainly to the price of zinc, the coin“s primary ingredient. Steel is not much bette
15、r, as Canada has learned. The government there recently ditched its steel-based penny. American politicians, while loth to take lessons from their northern neighbours, may have noticed. In an online forum on February 14th Barack Obama intimated that the penny was no longer change he believes in. Fif
16、ty years ago a handful of pennies would buy a hamburger at McDonald“s, but inflation means the coin won“t even get you one French fry today. Relegated to jars and lost behind cushions, the penny is failing to perform its primary function; to facilitate commerce. Vending machines and parking meters d
17、on“t accept it. Penny scourges note that fiddling with them adds some two seconds to each transaction, costing the economy many millions of dollars a year. Penny lovers and zinc-industry lobbyists counter that the coin“s demise would cost consumers, as merchants would round prices up to the nearest
18、nickel. Some economists disagree, suggesting that shop keepers might in fact round down in order to avoid moving from a price of, say, $ 9. 99 to $ 10. Americans anyway seem willing to accept a fee for penny removal, as evidenced by the self-imposed cost of leaving them idle and the success of coin-
19、counting machines, which take a cut when turning them into bills. Other countries have eliminated low-value coins with less-than-dire results, and indeed, so has America. In 1857 it ditched the half-cent, then worth nearly as much in real terms as today“s dime. This has led some to suggest killing t
20、he nickel, which costs about ten cents to make, as well as the penny.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying “Most people would not pay two cents for something worth one“ , the author intends to_.（分数：2.00）A.interpret the meaning of this sentenceB.explain American government“s unreasonable actC.show the increase of
21、price of zinc, the coin“s main ingredientD.introduce the topic of money-losing purchase of penny-making(2).According to Paragraph 2, which one is true?（分数：2.00）A.American government has abandoned penny recently.B.Obama believed that penny was too expensive to make.C.The price of steel is rising but
22、many countries still use it.D.Canadian government is reluctant to learn from America.(3).The penny“s primary function is to_.（分数：2.00）A.boost economyB.prevent inflationC.improve currency exchangeD.buy a hamburger at McDonald“s(4).Penny lovers and zinc-industry lobbyists oppose that_.（分数：2.00）A.custo
23、mers can not bargain any moreB.merchants would round the prices downC.coin“s disappearance would cost consumersD.coin“s demise would cost shopkeepers a lot(5).Some people suggest to cancel penny because _.（分数：2.00）A.it costs ten cents to make a pennyB.other countries have abandoned coinsC.it will br
24、ing numerous benefits to do soD.America canceled the half-cent in historyThe question facing Swiss voters on March 3rd was called the “people“s initiative against fat-cat pay “. With a billing like that, who wouldn“t vote yes? As it happened, 68% of the electorate did, passing a measure that require
25、s listed companies to offer shareholders a binding vote on senior managers“ pay and appointments at each annual general meeting. The penalty for bosses who fail to comply is up to three years in jail or the forfeit of up to six years“ salary. Switzerland“s penchant for direct democracy has trumped i
26、ts tolerance for tycoons. Swiss business is shaken. It had backed a “counter-initiative“ giving shareholders more voting powers without threatening criminal sanction. That was rejected by voters. The new law, which will be written into the constitution, endangers Switzerland as an investment destina
27、tion, the business lobby claims. Economiesuisse, the Swiss Business Federation, now accepts the popular verdict but warns that such complex and highly charged changes must be implemented carefully. The laws needed to put the vote into practice will take ten years to write, some cynics suggest. The i
28、nitiative is the brainchild of Thomas Minder, who runs his family“s toiletries business. He has apparently never forgiven Swissair for backing out of a contract when it nearly went bankrupt 12 years ago and then awarding its former boss a big pay-off. Mr Minder“s campaign gained momentum last month
29、on news that Novartis, a Swiss drug firm, intended to pay its departing chairman, Daniel Vasella, a severance package of SFr72m($ 76m). Mr Vasella later refused the package. After Mr Minder“s victory it will become harder to extend such corporate generosity. Some of the new restrictions seem sensibl
30、e. Shareholder votes on executive pay, hitherto ad hoc and advisory, will become routine and binding. Pension funds will be required to vote in the interests of their members and make their votes public. Board members will not be permitted to have consulting or other contracts with firms in the same
31、 group. But other provisions are more burdensome. The law will ban incentives that can be useful, such as “golden hellos“ and severance packages for board members. It will also bar them from accepting rewards for buying or selling company divisions.（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined phrase “fat-cat pay“(P
32、ara 1 , Line 1)refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the payment for a fat catB.senior executives“ salariesC.shareholders“ high salariesD.governors“ invisible incomes(2).What can be implied from the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Swiss has accepted the public accusation.B.Swiss has given voters more voting powers.C.It
33、 will take a decade to write a law in Swiss.D.Switzerland used to be an investment destination.(3).According to the text, Thomas Minder_.（分数：2.00）A.is a mental worker who has a childB.has gained compensation from NovartisC.runs his own business concerning cosmeticD.works for a Swiss pharmaceutical c
34、ompany(4).The new bindings include all EXCEPT that_.（分数：2.00）A.stakeholder determines manager“s salary through votingB.members of board are banned from making internal dealC.board members are not allowed to contact with other companiesD.the amount of retirement money should be voted and announced(5)
35、.The author“s attitude towards new rules and restrictions seems to be_.（分数：2.00）A.objectiveB.supportiveC.contradictoryD.suspiciousTwo years ago Japan was struck by a strong earthquake that triggered a disastrous tsunami. Now comes a sobering account of the human and environmental toll. Gretel Ehrlic
36、h, an American writer, flew to the north-east coast of the island of Honshu three months after the quake. A student of Japanese poetry and Buddhist philosophy, she was drawn to “ meet those who faced the wave and survived“ . Readers of her book can witness the devastation through keen eyes. This str
37、etch of coastline was described by a 17th-century poet, Basho, as the most beautiful spot in Japan. In June 2011 it was “a plain of chaos, a monstrous picture that no eye, no painting could truly capture“. Roving the 1,300 kilometres(800 miles)of shattered coast, Ms Ehrlich seeks out survivors and r
38、elays their stories. Pervasive are reports on the radiation spewing from the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, reflections on human suffering and resilience, and a series of dreadful facts. More than 28,700 people died in Japan; thousands more went missing. The tsunami wave rose 38 metr
39、es(124 feet), washing away entire towns. The reactor meltdown caused “the worst maritime contamination disaster in recorded history“. The energy released was 600m times that of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima. “Three sorrows; quake, tsunami, meltdown“, encapsulates the disaster. Ms Ehrlich does not pr
40、ovide a comprehensive reckoning, but a set of stories. The tsunami is retold as it happens through a blog updated as a fisherman races out to sea, uploading observations from his mobile phone. Months later, corpses still surface. One mother has rented an industrial digger and ceaselessly explores th
41、e river channel searching for her child. “The sea floor is covered in debris,“ an old fisherman says. “ If you go trolling for flatfish, you might pull out a dead friend . “（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.Honshu lies to the north-east of JapanB.the earthqua
42、ke was caused by the tsunamiC.an American writer wrote a book about the disasterD.many people have witnessed the devastation through their own eyes(2).We know from the second paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.the stretch of coastline was once beautifulB.the coastline can not be seen by human eyes nowC.Ms E
43、hrlich walked 1,300 kilometres to seek survivorsD.Basho wrote down the stories of the survivors of the disaster(3).Which of the following is NOT the dreadful fact caused by the tsunami?（分数：2.00）A.Thousands of people went missing.B.A bomb was dropped on Hiroshima.C.The tsunami wave washed away the wh
44、ole towns.D.The reactor meltdown caused the worst ocean pollution.(4).The triple calamities include all EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.earthshockB.nuclear leakageC.seismic sea waveD.maritime contamination(5).What can we learn from the last sentence?（分数：2.00）A.It is not suitable to go fishing.B.Many corpses are
45、still floating in the sea.C.Some flatfish are as big as human beings.D.Some bodies have been eaten by the fish.考研英语二（阅读）-试卷 10 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the
46、questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：“Nanny“ , “tyrant“these were among the charges hurled at Michael Bloomberg, New York“s mayor, when he proposed a ban on big fizzy-drink bottles last May. The billionaire shrugged and pushed forward. However even Mr Bloomberg must heed
47、a court order. The American Beverage Association, which represents Coca-Cola and other soda companies, has sued. Mr Bloomberg“s ban is due to start on March 12th, but a judge may intervene. Three years after Michelle Obama launched her Let“s Move! campaign, the fight against childhood obesity faces
48、a tactical problem. Recent years have been dipping obesity rates in a few places, including New York, Mississippi and Philadelphia. But 17% of American children are still obese. The question is how to speed up progress. Further bans look increasingly unlikely. Voluntary programs remain politically much easier. Mrs Obama has exhorted firms to take action. Many companies have. On March 6th the Partnership for a Healthier America, a business group, published a
