1、考研英语二（阅读）-试卷 9 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_During the past two decades astonishing progress has
2、 been made in fighting infectious diseases in poor countries. Polio has almost been eradicated; malaria is being tamed; AIDS is slowly being brought under control. Yet almost unnoticed, another epidemic is raging across the developing world, this one man-made. Road crashes now kill 1.3 m people a ye
3、ar, more than malaria or tuberculosis. On present trends, by 2030 they will take a greater toll than the two together, and greater even than AIDS. The vast majority of victims die in poor and middle-income countries1. 2m in 2011, compared with 99, 000 in rich ones. For every 100,000 cars in the rich
4、 world, fewer than 15 people die each year. In Ethiopia the figure is 250 times higher. It is tempting to see the kill as the price of development. Building roads is a highly effective way of boosting growth: the World Bank finds many projects to fund that do better than its minimum acceptable econo
5、mic rate of return of 12%. In the rich world road deaths and growth went hand-in-hand for decades; the first death-by-car was in 1896 and the peak came in the 1970s. However, since then, restraints on drivers and investment in safety have slashed road deaths in the rich world by more than half. New
6、York“s roads are now at their safest since records began in 1910. Sweden is still some way from its stated goal of ending road deaths altogether, but in 2013 just one Swedish child under seven died in a crash. Technology such as alcolocks, which prevent drunk-driving, and self-driving cars will make
7、 roads in the rich world safer still. Governments in poor countries tend to assume that they, too, must see deaths soar before they are rich enough to think about saving lives. Aid donors and development banks may conclude that a dangerous road is better than no road at all. But the experience of ri
8、ch countries has shown that roads can be made safer cheaply and simply. And far from being an unaffordable luxury, safe roads make better economic sense than dangerous ones. Most crash victims are boys and working-age men. Their death or disability leaves families in poverty and deprives countries o
9、f their most economically valuable citizens. In medical bills, care, lost output and vehicle damage, the kill costs desperately poor countries as much as 10% of GDP.（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined word “epidemic“(Para 1, Line 3)may be closest to_.（分数：2.00）A.polioB.malariaC.diseaseD.death(2).According t
10、o Paragraph 2, which one is true?（分数：2.00）A.Car accidents cause more death in poor countries.B.Car crashes mainly happen in developed countries.C.Road crashes kill more people than any disease in the world.D.The victims of car crashes mostly come from middle-class families.(3).All the following can
11、reduce road deaths EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.new technologyB.investment in safetyC.restrictions on driversD.building of new roads(4).We can conclude from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.most victims of car accidents are adolescentsB.building roads is unaffordable in poor countriesC.road crashes cost mo
12、st countries much of their GDPD.if roads are safer in poor countries, economy may be better(5).The best title for the text may be_.（分数：2.00）A.Road Crashes; Hard to PreventB.Road: Bringing Growth or DeathC.The Unnoticed Infectious DiseaseD.The Most Serious Problem in Poor CountriesWith its sandy beac
13、hes, picturesque ruins and blue waters, the Isle of Wight is an idyllic spot off England“s southern coast. Wealthy Londoners sail their boats there. It seems odd that such a place should contain some of the worst-performing schools in England. But it does; and in this, the Isle of Wight is not quite
14、 as strange as it seems. Provisional figures show that in 2013 just 49% of 16-year-olds on the island got at least five C grades, including in English and maths, in GCSE exams. That is fewer than in any of London“s 32 boroughs, or indeed anywhere in the southern half of England apart from nearby Por
15、tsmouth. In the previous year the Isle of Wight was second to bottom in the whole country. Just 23% of pupils entitled to free school meals got five decent grades, compared with a national average of 36%. In September the island“s schools were deemed so bad that Hampshire County Council took them ov
16、er. Part of the explanation is distinctively local. Luring good teachers to an out-of-the-way spot is hard. In 2011 the island endured a muddled transition from the sort of three-tier school system common in America, with primary, middle and secondary schools, to the two-tier one that is standard in
17、 England. But its results were bad even before that change. The Isle of Wight“s real problems are structural. It suffers from three things that might appear to be advantages but are actually the opposite. The island lacks a large city; it has some, but not many, poor children; and it is almost entir
18、ely white. But these days pupils, including poor ones, often fare better in inner cities than elsewhere. In Tower Hamlets, an east London borough that is the third most deprived place in England, children entitled to free school meals do better in GCSE exams than do all children in the country as a
19、whole. Bangladeshis, who are concentrated in that borough, used to perform considerably worse than whites nationally; now they do better.（分数：10.00）(1).The beaches, ruins and waters are mentioned to_.（分数：2.00）A.reveal rich Londoners“ lifeB.present typical English lifestyleC.introduce the topic of bad
20、 schoolsD.show a tourist attraction in England(2).According to Paragraph 2, which one is true about the Isle of Wight?（分数：2.00）A.Less than a quarter of its students enjoy free school meals.B.Rank of students“ performance on the island is at the bottom.C.Half of its students do well in English, maths
21、 and GCSE exams.D.There are fewer students getting at least five C grades in other areas.(3).We know from the third paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.good teachers are unwilling to teach in remote areasB.reform of school system on the island seems effectiveC.American school system is definitely superior to
22、 that of EnglandD.there is barely difference between American and English school systems(4).The real problems of the Isle of Wight include all EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.shortage of metropolisB.existence of needy pupilsC.uniformity of skin colourD.lack of experienced teachers(5).What can be learned from the
23、 last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Bangladeshis perform worse and make no progress at all.B.Students in inner cities do better than other places presently.C.Currently, poor students often do better in school performance.D.Tower Hamlets is an area which is full of educational resources.Every two weeks a lang
24、uage disappears. By 2100 nearly half of the 6,000 spoken today may be gone. Migration, either between countries or from the countryside to cities, is one reason: though new arrivals generally stick with their mother tongue, at least at home, their children rarely do. The dominance of English is anot
25、her. But one tongue against the trend is Romani, spoken by 4m of the roughly 11m Roma people worldwide. Its health attests to the importance of language in shaping identity. Unlike most languages, Romani has no country to call home. Its roots lie in India, but since the 10th century its speakers hav
26、e scattered and kept moving. One result is that they are everywhere a linguistic minority. Another is that 150 different dialects are in use. “Anglo-Romani“ , spoken in Britain, differs widely from dialects in France, Bulgaria and Latvia. One Roma man in New Zealand speaks a dialect previously only
27、heard in Wales. The 290,000 native Swedish speakers in Finland show no signs of dropping their languagebut it is their country“s second official one, compulsory in all schools and spoken by 9.5m Swedes next door. Irish hangs on partly because of government spending on translating road signs and docu
28、ments, broadcasting, teaching and extra marks for brave students who use the tongue in their final school exams. But without a government to champion it, Romani is used mostly in the home. Academics and linguists have written it down and tried to standardise it, but many of those who speak it do not
29、 read it. America printed a Romani guide to its 2000 census form, but that is a rarity; it almost never features in official documents. The lack of texts complicates attempts to teach it formally. Roma Kulturklass, a Swedish Roma-ni-language school, is one of a handful in the world. Its 35 pupils st
30、udy everything except Swedish and English in both Romani and Swedish. But with few textbooks, says Angelina Dimiter Taikon, the head teacher, staff must make do with their own translations.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the first paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.migration makes languages thrivingB.there will
31、 be 6000 languages by 2100C.Romani may disappear in the near futureD.children seldom speak mother tongue at home(2).Which one is true about Romani?（分数：2.00）A.Its speakers spread all over the world.B.It is spoken by a large group of people.C.It has 150 dialects, most of which have died down.D.It is w
32、idely spoken in Britain and some other countries.(3).Romani is usually used at home because_.（分数：2.00）A.people do not use dialects in publicB.it needs support from the governmentC.it never appears in official documentsD.people can only speak it but not read it(4).Romani is hard to teach because_.（分数
33、：2.00）A.few people have mastered itB.few people are willing to learn itC.the written language is insufficientD.the language is extremely complicated(5).The best title for the text may be_.（分数：2.00）A.Romani: Struggling to SurviveB.The History and Future of RomaniC.Romani: A Language Dying DownD.Disap
34、pearance of Minority LanguagesCigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action. It was 50 years ago this month that America“s surgeon-general sounded that warning, marking the beginning of the end of cigarette manufacturingand
35、of smoking itself as a respectable activity. Some 20m Americans have died from the habit since then. But advertising restrictions, smoking bans and stigma have had their effect: the proportion of American adults who smoke has dropped from 43% to 18% ; smoking rates among teenagers are at a record lo
36、w. In many other countries the trends are similar. The current surgeon-general, Boris Lushniak, marked the half-century with a report on January 17th, declaring smoking even deadlier than previously thought. He added diabetes, colorectal cancer and other ailments to the list of ills it causes, and p
37、romised “end-game strategies“ to stamp out cigarettes altogether. Were that to happen America“s three big tobacco firms, Altria, Reynolds and Lorillard, could be snuffed out , too. Public health officials plot the same fate for multinationals that supply other markets. The hit list includes Philip M
38、orris International(PMI), which along with Altria makes Marlboro, the top-selling global brand; Japan Tobacco; and British American Tobacco and Imperial Tobacco of Britain. They are a hardy group, unlikely to be frightened. But the methods they have used to withstand a half-century of battering by r
39、egulators may be losing power. In the rich world, where the economy is stagnant, smokers are trading down to cheaper puffs. The regulatory climate in developing countries is becoming more hostile. New technologies such as e-cigarettes promise to deliver nicotine less riskily. Big tobacco firms may m
40、aster them, but it would be a radical shift, similar to converting the car industry from internal-combustion engines to battery power. David Adelman of Morgan Stanley, an investment bank, does not “ see anything that“s reversing the conventional tobacco business model. “ But the model needs adjustme
41、nt. Some reasons for Mr Adelman“s confidence are sound. Advertising bans and the industry“s status prevent would-be competitors. When cigarette-makers raise prices, smokers cough up. Global consumption keeps rising, thanks largely to population growth in poorer countries. The cigarette giants indulg
42、e investors with big dividends atnd share buy-backs; they have flocked to tobacco share.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, which one is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Smoking restrictions are effective in America.B.Cigarette smoking causes many deaths in America.C.An increasing number of people are smokin
43、g outside America.D.Smoking rates among grown-ups and adolescents have dropped.(2).Boris claimed that smoking_.（分数：2.00）A.has led to many fatal diseasesB.will be completely prohibited soonC.usually results in diabetes and other illsD.may be ended in the following half-century(3).The underlined phras
44、e “snuffed out“(Para 3, Line 2)means_.（分数：2.00）A.called outB.wiped outC.found outD.fallen out(4).New technologies like e-cigarettes_.（分数：2.00）A.will produce no harmful chemicalsB.will be widely accepted in the near futureC.may be much more expensive than cigarettesD.may not easily substitute convent
45、ional tobacco(5).When the price of cigarette goes up, smokers may_.（分数：2.00）A.have a coughB.stop buying itC.be reluctant to buy itD.quit smoking at once考研英语二（阅读）-试卷 9 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Re
46、ad the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：During the past two decades astonishing progress has been made in fighting infectious diseases in poor countries. Polio has almost been eradicated; malaria is being tamed; AIDS is slowly being br
47、ought under control. Yet almost unnoticed, another epidemic is raging across the developing world, this one man-made. Road crashes now kill 1.3 m people a year, more than malaria or tuberculosis. On present trends, by 2030 they will take a greater toll than the two together, and greater even than AI
48、DS. The vast majority of victims die in poor and middle-income countries1. 2m in 2011, compared with 99, 000 in rich ones. For every 100,000 cars in the rich world, fewer than 15 people die each year. In Ethiopia the figure is 250 times higher. It is tempting to see the kill as the price of development. Building roads is a highly effective way of boosting growth: the World Bank finds many projects to fund that do better than its minimum acceptable economic rat
