1、考研英语二（阅读）-试卷 3 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Barack Obama, in his state-of-the-union speech on Fe
2、bruary 12th, called for a new era of scientific discovery. “ Now it is the time to reach a level of research and development not seen since the height of the space race,“ he declared. He praised projects to map the human brain and accelerate regenerative medicine. This would mean spending more on re
3、search. As The Economist went to press, America“s government was about to do the opposite. Federal spending is due to be cut on March 1st, the result of a long brawl over the deficit. Complex politics triggered this“ sequester “(Congress excels at nothing if not elaborate dysfunction)but the sequest
4、er itself is brutally simple. America will cut $ 85 billion from this year“s budget(about 2.5% of spending), split between military and non-military programmes. Among the areas to be squeezed is R companies pay for later stages of development. For example, the NIH supported early research into monoc
5、lonal antibodies. By 2010 such research underpinned five of America“s 20 bestselling drugs. As drug firms trim their budget, the NIH“s work is becoming even more vital. But since 2003 , inflation-adjusted spending on medical research has declined.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from the first paragraph t
6、hat_.（分数：2.00）A.U. S. will spend more on researchB.Obama objected to the project to map the human brainC.Obama praised scientists“ endeavour on scientific researchD.regenerative medicine is an area America focuses on for long(2).Government expenditure is planned to be squeezed because of_.（分数：2.00）A
7、.too much loans and foreign debtsB.the long-term brawl over spendingC.too much spending on military programsD.the long-term argument about the fiscal deficit(3).The underlined word “ sequester“(Para 2, Line 2)refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.reduction of spendingB.brawl over the deficitC.dysfunction of Congres
8、sD.augment of federal spending(4).We learn from Paragraphs 3 that its deals with publishers may unfairly exclude competitors; and that it prevents advertisers from taking their data elsewhere. Mr Almunia asked Google to propose by the end of January ways of meeting his concerns. He has not yet said
9、what it suggested or how he will respond. European antitrust cases have a habit of dragging on. Just ask Microsoft.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1 , which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Microsoft is the only software giant in the world.B.A great majority of PCs use Windows as operating s
10、ystem.C.There are many alternatives for users except Internet Explorer.D.The Commission found no evidence of Microsoft“s abuse of its dominance.(2).Microsoft was fined because_.（分数：2.00）A.it excluded other competitorsB.it abused its dominance in softwareC.it had a big lapse in its operating systemD.
11、it did not include the choice screen as promised(3).Which one is NOT true for Microsoft?（分数：2.00）A.Recently it has been accused by Google.B.It has been fined several times in history.C.Its browser has been surpassed by its rivals.D.It“s not specialized in browser on tablet computers.(4).The commissi
12、oner believes all EXCEPT that_.（分数：2.00）A.Google may favour its own services at rival“s costB.Google abuses its domiance in PC operating systemsC.Google prevents advertisers from taking their data elsewhereD.the way Google deals with publishers may exclude competitors(5).We can infer from the last p
13、aragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.European antitrust cases usually end quicklyB.Google will soon propose a way to solve its problemC.Microsoft may be more experienced in dealing with antitrust casesD.Monopoly in the area of online search and operating system will soon vanishThe sharing economy is a little l
14、ike online shopping, which started in America 15 years ago. At first, people were worried about security. But having made a successful purchase from, say, Amazon , they felt safe buying elsewhere. Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first time encourages people to try other offerin
15、gs. Next, consider eBay. Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace, it is now dominated by professional “power sellers“(many of whom started out as ordinary eBay users). The same may happen with the sharing economy, which also provides new opportunities for enterprise. Some people have bought
16、 cars solely to rent them out, for example. Incumbents are getting involved too. Avis, a car-hire firm, has a share in a sharing rival. So do GM and Daimler, two car-makers. In future, companies may develop hybrid models, listing excess capacity(whether vehicles, equipment or office space)on peer-to
17、-peer rental sites. In the past, new ways of doing things online have not displaced the old ways entirely. But they have often changed them. Just as Internet shopping forced Walmart and Tesco to adapt, so online sharing will shake up transport, tourism, equipment-hire and more. The main worry is reg
18、ulatory uncertainty. Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes, for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed hotels. In some American cities, peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms. The danger is that although
19、some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm, incumbents will try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should pay tax, of course, but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rules that typically govern bed-and-breakfasts are more than adequate
20、. The sharing economy is the latest example of the Internet“s value to consumers. This emerging model is now big and disruptive enough for regulators and companies to have woken up to it. That is a sign of its immense potential. It is time to start caring about sharing.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Par
21、agraph 1, which is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.The first online purchase was made by Amazon.B.Some people buy cars in order to rent them out.C.When online shopping appeared, people worried about its safety.D.Sharing economy may provide no opportunities for individuals.(2).Walmart and Tesco are mentioned to_
22、.（分数：2.00）A.demonstrate the power of InternetB.show the potential of online sharingC.reveal the influence of online shoppingD.prove the dominance of certain companies(3) One potential problem with sharing is_.（分数：2.00）A.difficulty in supervisionB.disruption of economyC.instability of marketD.uncerta
23、inty of firms(4).We learn from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.sharing economy will not go longB.sharing economy reveals consumers“ valueC.regulators and companies should realize sharing economyD.sharing economy will replace traditional ways in the near future(5).The best title for the text may
24、be_.（分数：2.00）A.Sharing Economy and Online ShoppingB.The Immense Potential of Sharing EconomyC.The Emergency of Sharing Economy and Its ConcernsD.Sharing Economy Will Reshape Traditional Industries Soon“If Congress won“t act soon to protect future generations, I will,“ Barack Obama said last month in
25、 his state-of-the-union speech. “I will direct my cabinet to come up with executive actions we can take, now and in the future, to reduce pollution, prepare our communities for the consequences of climate change, and speed the transition to more sustainable sources of energy. “ This week Mr Obama na
26、med the officials charged with fulfilling that directive; Gina Mc Carthy, his choice to head the Environmental Protection Agency, and Ernest Moniz, the prospective new secretary of energy. Their selection suggests that Mr Obama is indeed serious about tackling climate change, but not doctrinaire in
27、his approach. Ms Mc Carthy already works at the EPA, where she is in charge of air quality. That has given her a leading role drafting the administration“s most ambitious and controversial environmental rules, including limits on emissions of greenhouse gases for new power plants and strict fuel-eff
28、iciency requirements for cars. She is the natural candidate to oversee the most obvious and consequential step Mr Obama could take to stem global warming: a regulation curbing emissions from existing power plants. Republicans do not fancy that idea at all, and have introduced bills in Congress to st
29、rip the EPA of its regulatory authority over greenhouse gases. They often accused Lisa Jackson, the agency“s previous boss, of disregarding the cumulative impact of its many clean-air rules, and suffocating industry as a result. Yet Ms Mc Carthy makes an unlikely target. She has worked for Republica
30、n governors in Massachusetts and Connecticut. Industry groups mustered kind words about her nomination. As Mr Obama put it,“ She“s earned a reputation as a straight-shooter. “（分数：10.00）(1).Barack Obama will take steps to do all EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.reducing pollution now and in the futureB.finding mor
31、e sustainable sources of energyC.preparing for the consequences of climate changeD.investing more funds for public health care system(2).According to the first paragraph, we can conclude that_.（分数：2.00）A.Obama will take environmental protection seriouslyB.Obama will reduce the use of cars to reduce
32、air pollutionC.America will soon find sustainable sources for their descendantsD.America faces the more serious environmental problem compared with other nations(3).The roles Ms Mc Carthy is playing include all EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.placing limits on greenhouse gas emissionsB.introducing bills about en
33、vironment to CongressC.drafting the administration“s environmental rulesD.supervising Mr President“s steps on global warming(4).What“s the Republicans“ attitude towards Obama“s step taken to stop global warming?（分数：2.00）A.Approval.B.Skepticism.C.Disapproval.D.Indifference.(5).What can we learn about
34、 Ms Mc Carthy from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Her goal cannot be achieved.B.She was once a shooter in army.C.She used to work against Republicans.D.She won the support of the president.考研英语二（阅读）-试卷 3 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension
35、（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：Barack Obama, in his state-of-the-union speech on February 12th, called for a new era of scientific discovery. “ Now it is the time to reach a level of researc
36、h and development not seen since the height of the space race,“ he declared. He praised projects to map the human brain and accelerate regenerative medicine. This would mean spending more on research. As The Economist went to press, America“s government was about to do the opposite. Federal spending
37、 is due to be cut on March 1st, the result of a long brawl over the deficit. Complex politics triggered this“ sequester “(Congress excels at nothing if not elaborate dysfunction)but the sequester itself is brutally simple. America will cut $ 85 billion from this year“s budget(about 2.5% of spending)
38、, split between military and non-military programmes. Among the areas to be squeezed is R companies pay for later stages of development. For example, the NIH supported early research into monoclonal antibodies. By 2010 such research underpinned five of America“s 20 bestselling drugs. As drug firms t
39、rim their budget, the NIH“s work is becoming even more vital. But since 2003 , inflation-adjusted spending on medical research has declined.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from the first paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.U. S. will spend more on researchB.Obama objected to the project to map the human brainC.Ob
40、ama praised scientists“ endeavour on scientific research D.regenerative medicine is an area America focuses on for long解析：解析：根据选项A定位到文章首段最后两句：This would mean spending more on researchAs The Economist went to press，Americas government was about to do the opposite最后一句意为：美国政府却将反其道而行。可见美国不会在研究领域投入更多开支，因
41、此选项A是错误的。选项B对应该段第三句：He praised projects to map the human brain and accelerateregenerative medicine可见 Obama 对于绘制人脑图的态度是支持的，而非反对的，故该项错误。根据“called for a new era of scientific discovery”以及“He praised projects to map the human brain and accelerate regenerative medicine”可知选项C项是正确的。文章提到了regenerative medici
42、ne，但并没有说美国关注这个领域已经很久了，for long 一词在原文未体现，故选项D错误。(2).Government expenditure is planned to be squeezed because of_.（分数：2.00）A.too much loans and foreign debtsB.the long-term brawl over spendingC.too much spending on military programsD.the long-term argument about the fiscal deficit 解析：解析：根据题干定位到第二段首句：F
43、ederal spending is due to be cut其中题干中的government expenditure=federal spending；is planned to=is due to；be squeezed=be cut。故确定答案来源为该句话。原文中的 the result of 相当于题干中的 because of，故本题答案原文为：along brawl over the deficit(长期关于财政赤字的争吵)与选项Dthe longterm argument aboutthe fiscal deficit 相符。其中，long=long-term；brawl=ar
44、gument；deficit=fiscal deficit。故答案为选项D。(3).The underlined word “ sequester“(Para 2, Line 2)refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.reduction of spending B.brawl over the deficitC.dysfunction of CongressD.augment of federal spending解析：解析：首先确定答案来源，即第二段第一、二句：Federal spending is due to be cut on March1st，the result of a l
45、ong brawl over the deficitComplex politics triggered this“sequester”因为文中出现 this“sequester”，由 this 一词可以得知“sequester”在上文应该出现过，故确定解题信息来自上一句，即第二段第一句。提取该句主干信息，得出：Federal spending is due to be cut故可以确定“sequester”指代“联邦支出将被削减”。四个选项中，与之相关的是选项A和D两项，其中选项A中的“reduction 减少”对应“cut 削减”；而选项D中的“augment增加”与之相反，故确定本题答案
46、为选项A。(4).We learn from Paragraphs 3 that its deals with publishers may unfairly exclude competitors; and that it prevents advertisers from taking their data elsewhere. Mr Almunia asked Google to propose by the end of January ways of meeting his concerns. He has not yet said what it suggested or how
47、he will respond. European antitrust cases have a habit of dragging on. Just ask Microsoft.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1 , which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Microsoft is the only software giant in the world.B.A great majority of PCs use Windows as operating system. C.There are many a
48、lternatives for users except Internet Explorer.D.The Commission found no evidence of Microsoft“s abuse of its dominance.解析：解析：选项A对应原文第二句的前半句，文章提到微软是美国软件巨头，但没有说是世界唯一巨头，the only 过于绝对，故该项错误。选项B对应第二句的后半句：Windows，theoperating system in the great majority of personal computers该项是把这个句子换个表达方式，是同义替换关系。故正确。选项C对应该段最后一句:buy a PC，and unless you took thetrouble of choosing otherwise，you would browse the web through Explore
