1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 197 及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of l
2、anguage is a mystery. All we really know is that men,【B1】_animals, somehow invented certain【B2】_to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things,【B3】_they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed 【B4】_ certain signs, called letters, which could be 【B5】_ to represent those so
3、unds, and which could be 【B6】_ down. Those sounds, whether spoken, 【B7】_ written in letters, we call words. The power of words, then, lies in their【B8】_the things they bring up before our minds. Words become 【B9】_ with meaning for us by experience;【B10】_the longer we live, the more certain words【B11
4、】_the happy and sad events of our past to us; and the more we read and【B12】_, the more the number of words that mean something to us【B13】_. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal【B14】_to our minds and emotions. This【B15】_and tel
5、ling use of words is what we call【B16】_style. Above all, the real poet is a master of【B17】_. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which【B18】_their position and association can【B19】_men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accuratel
6、y, or they will【B20】_our speech or writing silly and vulgar.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.aboveB.unlikeC.excludingD.besides(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.soundsB.gesturesC.signsD.movements(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.such thatB.as thatC.so thatD.in that(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.toB.withC.inD.upon(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.speltB.combine
7、dC.pronouncedD.copied(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.writtenB.handedC.rememberedD.observed(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.andB.yetC.alsoD.or(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.functionB.associationC.rolesD.links(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.filledB.fulfilledC.liveD.active(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.butB.orC.yetD.and(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.reappearB.recallC.remem
8、berD.recollect(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.thinkB.collectC.learnD.recite(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.raisesB.increasesC.improvesD.emerges(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.intensivelyB.extensivelyC.broadlyD.powerfully(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.charmingB.academicC.conventionalD.common(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.writtenB.spokenC.literaryD.dram
9、atic(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.signsB.wordsC.styleD.sound(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.inB.onC.overD.by(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.moveB.engageC.bringD.force(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.transformB.changeC.makeD.convert二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following
10、 four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The people who run Facebook are furious about a new movie that depicts the existence of Face-book. Theyre upset because much of the story about The Social Network is just completely made up. But the really interesting thing
11、about this movie is that the story tells a lager truth about Silicon Valleys get-rich-quick culture and the kind of peoplelike Mark Zuckerbergwho thrive in this environment. The Valley used to be a place run by scientists and engineers. But now the Valley has become a casino, a place where smart kid
12、s arrive hoping to make an easy fortune building companies that seem at least not as serious as old-guard companies. The three hottest tech companies today are Facebook, Twitter, and Zynga. Facebook lets you keep in touch with your friends; it will generate about $1.5 billion in revenue this year by
13、 bombarding its 500 million members with ads. Twitter is a noisy circus of spats and celebrity watching, and its hapless founders still cant figure out how to make money. The biggest of Facebook app-makers, reportedly will rake in $500 million this year by getting people addicted to cheesy games lik
14、e Far-mville and Mafia Wars. Meanwhile, among some longtime techies, there s a sense that something important has been lost. “The old Silicon Valley was about solving really hard problems, making technical bets. But theres no real technical bet being made with Facebook or Zynga,“ says Nathan Myhrvol
15、d, the former chief technology officer at Microsoft who now runs an invention lab in Seattle. “Today almost everyone in the Valley will tell you there is too much me-tooism, too much looking for a gold rush and not enough people who are looking to solve really hard problems.“ Sure, there are still e
16、ntrepreneurs and investors chasing serious technology challenges in the Valley. Myhrvold says he means no disrespect to Facebook and Zynga. “What bother me are the millions of wannabes who will follow along, and the expectation that every company ought to be focused on doing really short-term, easy
17、things to achieve giant paydays. I think that s unrealistic, and its not healthy.“ What he worries are “the unknown engineers and professors who have good ideas will get funded or will they be talked out of it and told they should do something like Zynga? “ We ve already fallen behind in areas like
18、alternative energy, better batteries, and nanotechnolo-gy. Instead of racing to catch up, were buying seeds and garden gnomes on Facebook. This wont end well.（分数：10.00）(1).The people who run Facebook are furious because_.（分数：2.00）A.there is fierce competition between Facebook and TwitterB.the movie
19、slandered FacebookC.the movie disclosed Facebook s secretsD.what the movie show about Facebook is untrue(2).We can infer from Paragraph 2 that_.（分数：2.00）A.the Valley is no longer the place for hard science and making thingsB.the Valley has been converted into a casinoC.making an easy fortune prevail
20、s todays Silicon ValleyD.semiconductor got its name from Silicon Valley(3).From the third paragraph, the authors attitude towards Facebook, Twitter and Zynga is_.（分数：2.00）A.criticalB.slightly complimentaryC.positiveD.neutral(4).What Myhrvold worries about the Silicon Valley is_.（分数：2.00）A.how to get
21、 sufficient entrepreneurs and investorsB.everyone in the Valley hardly looks for a gold rushC.Facebook or Zynga makes lots of technical betsD.a sense of solving really hard problems is declining(5).The main idea about this text is_.（分数：2.00）A.America s lag in areas like alternative energy, better ba
22、tteries and nanotechnologyB.an untrue movie about Facebook and Social NetworkC.a tale about Silicon Valleys get-rich-quickD.the negative impact on Silicon Valley from success of companies, like FacebookConversations about elderly parents and technology usually center on safety, in particular on devi
23、ces designed to alert a call center in case of trouble. But our parents are more than the sum of their maladies. Instead of keeping the safe, cant some of these devices help keep them happy? Experts say the key to making tech work for Mom and Dad is not to buy the newest cool thing, but to look for
24、a device or software that fulfills a basic need, that does something they particular want to do. And its helpful if the learning curve involves an element or two already familiar to them. “The question is what s the motivation? “ said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the center on aging at the univer
25、sity of California, Los Angeles, and the author of iBrain: surviving the technological alteration of the modern mind. “For technology to become sticky with the older generation, we have to get into their heads and understand what make them think this is fun,“ he added. “The bells and whistles that m
26、ight attract us are too counterintuitive.“ Dr. Small says that device for the elderly should answer three criteria, in this order: simplicity of use, availability of phone assistance and hardware thats easy to manipulate. Once installation and set-up are completelylikely the responsibility of a tech
27、-sawy adult childenjoyment has to outweigh effort. Beyond that, it is important to evaluate how large a technology leap an aging parent will be willing to take. Those who know their way around a VCR or DVD player will be a likelier to embrace a device that requires new equipment or an occasional cal
28、l to a help number. Dr. Small like single-application devices that meet a personal need for the technological newcomerlike ones that send and receive e-mail, making it easier to stay in touch with family and see those digital photos of a new grandchild. Reading devices like the kindle are also popul
29、ar with the older users, because they make an enjoyable, lifelong activity easier by replacing a heavy book with lightweight tablet. A reader can be ideal for a parent who travels and wants to take more than one book along. The right motivation can overcome a parents doubt or anxiety about adopting
30、new technology. Dr. Small s father, a practicing physician in his 80s, avoided technology until the hospital where he worked switched to electronic records. Suddenly he had no choice. If he wanted to continue to work, he had to wade in. Dr. Cartensen says that electronic manufacturers have failed to
31、 develop products for elder users “because of stereotypes which suggest that older people arent interested, even when they might be,“ and because marketers think “they can simply wait until younger cohorts grow old, knowing the problem will be solved.“ But there are signs of change on the horizon, s
32、everal of them involving that most familiar of technologies, like the television set.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage seems to suggest that tech work for elderly parents is_.（分数：2.00）A.to keep themselves safeB.to do something specialC.to keep up with the development of the societyD.to fulfill their basic n
33、eeds and interest(2).Device for the elderly should meet the criteria EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.a lot of funB.phone assistanceC.simplicity usageD.user-friendly hardware(3).According to Dr. Small, the advantage of single-application devices rests on_.（分数：2.00）A.sending and receiving e-mailsB.seeing those dig
34、ital photos of a new grandchildC.replacing a heavy book with lightweight tabletD.fulfilling the individualized requirement of elderly persons(4).The switch of Dr. Smalls father is mentioned to demonstrate_.（分数：2.00）A.his father needs to retire for healthB.the 80-year-old person can still devote them
35、selves to their careerC.electronic records are prevailing in modern hospitalD.helping elderly parents adopt new technology needs right motivation(5).According to Dr. Cartensen, electronic manufacturers should_.（分数：2.00）A.wait until young generation grows oldB.give up their marketing endeavors to cat
36、er to old populationC.develop new technology particularly for elderly parentsD.try new marketing strategy among the oldIf you are interested in job creationand who isnt this days? you should talk to someone like Morris Panner. In 1999, Panner and some others started a Boston software company called
37、Ope-nAir. By 2008 they sold it for $31 million. The firm had then grown to about 50 workers. It turns out that entrepreneurship (essentially, the funding of new companies) is crucial to the job creation. Of course, Panner s success is often a slog. What s the frustrating and perplexing about the pre
38、sent job dearth is that the US economy has long been a phenomenal employment machine. Here is a record: 83 million jobs are added from 1960 to 2007, with only six year of declines. Conventional analysis blames todays poor performance on weak demand. Because people arent buying, businesses arent hiri
39、ng. Though true, this omits the vital role of entrepreneurship. In any given year, employment may reflect the ups and downs of the business cycle. But over longer periods, almost all job growth comes from new businesses. The reason: the high death rate of exiting firms. Even successful firms succumb
40、 to threats: new competitions and technology; mature market; the death of flinders; shifting consumers tastes; poor management and unprofitability. A company founded today has an 80% chance of disappearing over the next quarter century, reports a study by Dane Stangler and Paul Kedrosky of the Kauff
41、man Foundation. True, some blue-chips firms endure. Four fifth of the Fortune 500 were founded before 1970. But they are exception, and many blue chips have died. The debate over whether small or big firms create more jobs is misleading. The real distinction is between new and old. American workers
42、are roughly split between firms with fewer or more than 500 employees. In healthy times, older companies of all sizes do create a lot of jobs. But they also lose jobs, as some businesses shrink or vanish. On balance, job creation and destruction cancel. All the network increases occur among startups
43、, finds a study of the 19922005 period by economists John Haltiwanger of university of Maryland and Ron Jarmin and Javier Miranda of the Census Bureau. To be sure, entrepreneurship has a downside: booms and busts. Remember the dotcom “bubble“, but more damaging are widespread popular misconceptions
44、about what it isnt the engine of job adding. Although the entrepreneurial instinct seems powerful and American ambition and creative, venture capital for startups is scarce and that political leaders seem largely oblivious to burdensome government policies. This needs to be addressed. Entrepreneursh
45、ip wont instantly cure American job deficit, but without, there will be no strong recovery.（分数：10.00）(1).OpenAirs success is cited to show_.（分数：2.00）A.it precisely seized the need of consumersB.it had the funding for new companiesC.the firm had increased to 50 workersD.the job creation had much to d
46、o with startups(2).Traditional analysis attributes the employment declines to _.（分数：2.00）A.businesses shrinking or vanishingB.the crucial role of entrepreneurshipC.lower consumers demandD.burdensome government policies(3).The reasons for the high death rate of exiting firms is_.（分数：2.00）A.political
47、biasB.new marketC.high level of consumers needD.lacking of funding(4).The authors attitude towards government policies of starting business is_.（分数：2.00）A.dissatisfiedB.acceptableC.indifferentD.neutral(5).The essay mainly introduces the relationship between_.（分数：2.00）A.new firms and old firmsB.gover
48、nment policies and business operationC.job creation and new business of the startupsD.entrepreneurship and the success of new businessThe robots are coming. The second decades of the 21th century will see the rise of merchandized army that will revolutionize the private and public life as radically as the internet and social media have shaken up the past ten years. Or so says Marina Gorbis, futurologist and head
