1、考研英语-试卷 197及答案解析(总分：146.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_My Space and other Web sites have unleashed a potent new phenomenon of social networki
2、ng in cyberspace,【1】at the same time, a growing body of evidence is suggesting that traditional social【2】play a surprisingly powerful and under-recognized role in influencing how people behave. The latest research comes from Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, at the Harvard Medical School, and Dr. James H.
3、 Fowler, at the University of California at San Diego. The【3】reported last summer that obesity appeared to【4】from one person to another【5】social networks, almost like a virus or a fad. In a follow-up to that provocative research, the team has produced【6】findings about another major health【7】: smokin
4、g. In a study published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine, the team found that a person“s decision to【8】the habit is strongly affected by【9】other people in their social network quiteven people they do not know. And, surprisingly, entire networks of smokers appear to quit virtually【10】
5、. For【11】of their studies, they【12】of detailed records kept between 1971 and 2003 about 5,124 people who participated in the landmark Framingham Heart Study. Because many of the subjects had ties to the Boston suburb of Framingham, Mass. , many of the participants were【13】somehowthrough spouses, nei
6、ghbors, friends, co-workersenabling the researchers to study a network that【14】12,067 people. Taken together, these studies are【15】a growing recognition that many behaviors are【16】by social networks in【17】that have not been fully understood. And【18】may be possible, the researchers say, to harness th
7、e power of these networks for many【19】, such as encouraging safe sex, getting more people to exercise or even【20】crime.（分数：40.00）A.soB.butC.asD.althoughA.resourceB.databaseC.communicationD.intranetA.pairB.sociologistsC.spouseD.universitiesA.rangeB.differC.varyD.spreadA.betweenB.amongC.inD.throughA.c
8、onsequentB.controversialC.similarD.diffidentA.issueB.disputeC.problemD.questionA.cultivateB.kickC.leaveD.tickA.howB.thatC.whatD.whetherA.surprisinglyB.simultaneouslyC.spontaneouslyD.stronglyA.neitherB.noneC.bothD.whichA.made a companionB.took advantageC.took an attitudeD.had the bestA.concernedB.exc
9、ludedC.encouragedD.connectedA.totaledB.increasedC.summedD.addedA.fillingB.blockingC.fuelingD.contributingA.swayedB.deviatedC.betteredD.deterioratedA.orderB.waysC.fearD.caseA.itB.thereC.theyD.ifA.reasonsB.keepsC.goodD.purposesA.banningB.promotingC.fightingD.committing二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：
10、60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Sadness isn“t manlythis Eric Weaver knew. When depression engulfed this New York police sergeant, it took a different guise: a near-constant stat
11、e of anger. “One minute I“d be okay and the next minute I“d be screaming at my kids and punching the wall,“ he recalls. “My kids would ask, “What“s wrong with Daddy? Why“s he so mad all the time?“ For years, Weaver didn“t know what was wrong. Weaver“s confusion about what tortured him was not unusua
12、l. Roughly a third of the 18 million or more Americans who suffer depression each year are men. Yet all too often, experts say, men fail to recognize the symptoms and get the treatment they need. For years, experts suspected that gender makes a big difference in depression. Studies from New York to
13、New Zealand have repeatedly found the same startling statistic: About twice as many women as men suffer from depression. That finding was considered one of the bedrock facts of modern mental health. Yet it has recently come under attack from critics who are concerned about underreporting of male dep
14、ression. William Pollack, Director of the Center for Men at McLean Hospital, is leading the charge against the well-entrenched depression gender gap. He argues that men“s rate of depression may be nearly equal to women“s. Just look at suicide rates, he says: Male suicides outnumber females four to o
15、ne. That ratio “is way too high to say that men“s depression numbers are so low,“ he notes. Pollack and others contend that male depression goes unrecognized because, unlike the female version, it often doesn“t fit the textbook signsat least in the early stages. Clinical depression at later stages l
16、ooks much the same in both sexes. But in the prelude to a breakdown, that deepening despair is often expressed in very different ways. Instead of being weepy, men are more apt to be irritable and angrymoods that aren“t included in the classic diagnostic tests. “Their sadness and helplessness are hid
17、den behind a mask of anger,“ says Pollack. “Men tend to act out“ to avoid dealing with uncomfortable feelings, adds Fredric Rabinowitz, a psychologist who works primarily with men. If they feel bad, they“re apt to get into fights on the job or at home, withdraw from family and friends, become obsess
18、ed with work or hobbies. Most significantly, men often turn to drinking or drugs. Men have two to four times the rate of substance abuse problems as women, and Pollack contends that if this was recognized as a sign of depression, the gender gap would substantially narrow.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the f
19、ollowing is true according to the first two paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.Mr. Weaver considered anger was a guise of depression.B.Depression may result in similar symptoms.C.Men generally ignore the signs of depression and its treatment.D.One third of male Americans suffer depression each year.(2).Studies f
20、rom New York to New Zealand suggested that_.（分数：2.00）A.women“ mental health was worse than men“sB.men are 50% less depressed than womenC.different gender faces different depressionsD.gender differences explained the depression rates(3).According to the passage, Mr. Pollack believes that men facing d
21、epression_.（分数：2.00）A.will choose to commit suicideB.break down more easily than womenC.do not have the same symptoms as described in textbookD.are often not diagnosed properly(4).By saying “Men tend to act out“ (Line 1, Para. 6), the author implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.men often fight outsideB.men usua
22、lly hide their uncomfortable feelingsC.men would choose violent acts outsideD.men are easily offended by others(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Male Depression: Re-examinedB.Symptoms of Depression: Gender DifferenceC.Male Depression: Underlying CausesD.Mask
23、of Anger: Men Under StressIn America and Europe magazine publishers have a common headache: total circulation is either flat or declining slightly as people devote more time to the internet, and an ever greater share of advertising spending is going online. Magazine units are mostly a drag on growth
24、 for their parents. Time Inc, the world“ s biggest magazine company, has to fend off rum ours that its parent, Time Warner, will sell it. People in the industry expect that Time Warner will soon sell IPC Media, its British magazine subsidiary. The business model for consumer magazines is under press
25、ure from several directions at once, both online and off. Magazines have become more expensive to launch, and the cost of attracting and keeping new subscribers has risen. In America newsstand sales have been worryingly weak, partly because supermarkets dominate distribution and shelf-space is in sh
26、ort supply. The internet“s popularity has hit men“s titles the hardest. FHM, the flagship “lads“ magazine of Emapa British media firm, for instance, lost a quarter of its circulation in the year to June. Not long ago consumer magazines were Emap“s prize asset, but slowing growth from the division co
27、ntributed to the company“s decision to put itself up for sale. Men“s magazines are in trouble in most developed-world markets as people have quickly switched from magazines to online services. There are good reasons why magazine owners should not feel pessimistic, however. For readers, many of the p
28、leasing characteristics of magazinestheir portability and glossiness, for instance cannot be matched online. And magazines are not losing younger readers in the way that newspapers are. According to a study by the digital arm of Ogilvy Group, appetite for magazines is largely unchanged between older
29、 “baby boomers“ and young “millennials“. On the advertising side, magazines are faring much better than newspapers, which are losing big chunks of revenue as classified advertising shifts online. Advertisers like the fact that in many genres, such as fashion, readers accept and value magazine ads an
30、d even consider them part of the product. Unfortunately, magazine publishers have been slow to get onto the internet. “Eighteen months ago the internet was something they worried about after 4pm on Friday,“ says Peter Kreisky, a consultant to the media industry, “but now it“s at the heart of their b
31、usiness model. “ To their credit, however, big magazine firms are doing far more than reproducing their print products online. They offer people useful, fun services onlineLagardere“ s Car and Driver website, for instance, offers virtual test drives, and Better Homes and Gardens online has a 3D plan
32、ning tool to help people redesign their homes.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author mainly discusses_.（分数：2.00）A.the effects of internet on the circulation of US and Europe magazinesB.the reason why parents don“t subscribe to magazinesC.the problems American and European magazines face to
33、dayD.the consequences of people“s devotion to online magazines(2).Which of the following is true of magazines“ current situation?（分数：2.00）A.Magazines face pressures from the Internet only.B.Magazines need to spend more on the marketing.C.Most readers of magazines are attracted to online services.D.N
34、ewsstand in America plays a major role in magazine sales.(3).According to the text, magazine owners should not feel pessimistic in that_.（分数：2.00）A.magazines are easier to carryB.magazines are not losing young readersC.magazines earn more from advertising than newspapersD.magazines still have compet
35、itive features not found online(4).When going onto the internet, big magazines_.（分数：2.00）A.have changed their business model completelyB.are making use of internet flexiblyC.are taking prompt actionsD.have turned their products into online version(5).Which of the following best summarizes the text?（
36、分数：2.00）A.Magazines faced with various challenges.B.Threats posed by the internet to magazines.C.Popularity lost with magazines.D.New opportunities of magazines.It is a favorite pastime of older people to lament the defects of the young. Every generation seems to be convinced that in its day, standa
37、rds were higher, schools were tougher and kids were smarter. But if I.Q. scores are any measure, and even their critics agree they measure something, people are getting smarter. Researchers who study intelligence say scores around the world have been increasing so fast that a high proportion of peop
38、le regarded as normal at the turn of the century would be considered way below average by today“s tests. Psychologists offer a variety of possible explanations for the increase, including better nutrition, urbanization, more experience with test taking, and smaller families. Some even say that telev
39、ision and video games have made children“s brains more agile. But no explanation is without its critics, and no one can say with certainty what effects, if any, the change is having on how people lead their daily lives. It is all the more mysterious because it seems to be happening in the absence of
40、 a simultaneous increase in scores on achievement tests. One explanation for the rise is ruled out: genetics. Because the increase has taken place in a relatively short period of time, it cannot be due to genetic factors. The worldwide pattern of rising scores in industrialized nations was discovere
41、d by Dr. James R. Flynn, now a professor at the University of Otego, New Zealand. He began looking into the subject in the 1980“s in an effort to rebut Dr. Arthur Jensen, the professor from the UC Berkeley who argued that even if the environments of blacks and whites were equalized, the 15-point gap
42、 in I. Q. scores between the races would only be partly eliminated. As Dr. Flynn investigated, he found that I. Q. scores were going up almost everywhere he looked. Although the gap remains, Dr. Flynn said the movement in scores suggests that the gap need not be permanent. If blacks in 1995 had the
43、same mean I. Q. that whites had in 1945, he said, it may be that the average black environment of 1995 was equivalent in quality to the average white environment of 1945. “Is that really so implausible?“ Dr. Flynn asked. Meanwhile, the kinds of intelligence that are promoted and respected vary from
44、time to time, said Dr. Patricia Greenfield, a psychology professor at the UCLA. Playing computer games like Tetris promotes very different skills from reading novels. The new skills, she said, are manifested in the world. “Flynn will tell you we don“t have more Mozarts and Beethovens,“ Dr. Greenfiel
45、d said, “I say, look at the achievements of science, like DNA. Or look at all the technological developments of this century. “（分数：10.00）(1).The case of older people is mentioned to_.（分数：2.00）A.illustrate the defects of young peopleB.stress that standards of education are droppingC.imply that young
46、people are actually not more stupid than earlier generationsD.compare the intelligence gap between generations(2).Which of the following is true of the intelligence increase according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Its influence on people“s life is not clear.B.It is the result of better nutrition.C.Achievem
47、ent test scores have decreased.D.People at the turn of the century scored lower on the I.Q. tests.(3).On which of the following statement would Dr. Flynn most probably agree?（分数：2.00）A.The I.Q. score gap between blacks and whites could not be eliminated.B.The 15-point I. Q. gap was a result of misca
48、lculation.C.Great artists will not appear in our times.D.Equal environments may result in equal IQ.(4).We learn from the last paragraph that intelligence_.（分数：2.00）A.should be respected and promoted from time to timeB.has various forms and measurementsC.will help game players improve their skillsD.is strongly influenced by the achievements like DNA(5).The text intends to tell us that_.（分数：2.00）A.the increase in human intelligence is an unavoidable processB.human intelligence is becoming more predictableC.human intelligence is getting higher in more than one aspectD.I. Q
