1、考研英语-197 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWERSHEET 1. What does the future hold for the problem of housing? A good U(1) /U depends, of course, on the meanin
2、g of“ future“. If one is thinking in U(2) /U of science fiction and the space age U(3) /U at least possible to assume that man will have solved such trivial and earthly problems as housing. Writers of science fiction have U(4) /U the suggestion that men will live in great comfort, with every U(5) /U
3、 device to make life smooth, healthy and easy, U(6) /U not happy. But they have not said what his house will be made of.The problems of the next generation or two can more readily be imagined. Scientists have already pointed out that U(7) /U something is done either to restrict the worlds rapid grow
4、th in population or to discover and develop new sources of food (or both), millions of people will be dying of starvation or, U(8) /U, suffering from under feeding before this U(9) /U is out. But nobody has worked out any plan for housing these growing populations. Admittedly the worse situations wi
5、ll occur in the U(10) /U parts of the world, where housing can be of light structure, or in backward areas where standards are U(11) /U low. But even the minimum shelter requires materials of U(12) /U kind, and in the crowded, bulging towns the low-standard“ housing“ of flattened petrol mans and dir
6、ty canvas is far more wasteful U(13) /U ground space than can be tolerated.Since the war, Hong Kong has suffered the kind of crisis which is likely to U(14) /U in many other places during the next generation. U(15) /U millions of refugees arrived to U(16) /U the already growing population and emerge
7、ncy steps had to be taken to prevent squalor and disease and the U(17) /U of crime. Hong Kong is only one small part of what will certainly become a vast problem and not U(18) /U a housing problem, because when population grows at this rate there are U(19) /U problems of education, transport, water
8、supply and so on. Not every area may have the same resources as Hong Kong to U(20) /U and the search for quicker and cheaper methods of construction must never cease.（分数：10.00）A.transactionB.dealC.definitionD.assumptionA.referenceB.respectC.termsD.consequenceA.he isB.one isC.it isD.we areA.conveyedB
9、.conceivedC.deducedD.formulatedA.conceptualB.considerateC.conceivableD.complimentaryA.ifB.butC.yetD.althoughA.only ifB.even ifC.in caseD.unlessA.for the betterB.in the leastC.at the mostD.at the bestA.ageB.resourceC.centuryD.problemA.hottestB.coldestC.poorestD.richestA.customarilyB.habituallyC.conve
10、ntionallyD.traditionallyA.everyB.someC.thisD.certainA.ofB.onC.forD.withA.riseB.raiseC.ariseD.arouseA.PreciselyB.NumericallyC.LiterallyD.PreviouslyA.swellB.divergeC.inflateD.deleteA.extensionB.disposalC.spreadD.expansionA.likelyB.certainlyC.merelyD.necessarilyA.accompanyingB.associatingC.escortingD.a
11、ttachingA.stretch outB.stick toC.take inD.draw upon二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/BHas America gone insane? Season six for American Idol h
12、as caused us to ask some fundamental questions about the reality television phenomenon. Show judge Simon Cowell repeatedly chides(斥责) contestants,“ This is a singing competition. But is it really? When talented singers such as Gina Glocksen are voted off in favor of a tone-deaf Sanjaya Malakar, with
13、 his trainwreck performances, the question is whether Idol is really a singing competition, or something altogether different.Although Sanjaya was only in the middle of the pack for last weeks vote, on the Web he was the most searched for Idol contestant of the season, garnering(获得) more than twice
14、the volume of searches than his nearest rival (not counting the continuing quests for racy photos of Antonella Barba, who is no longer in the competition).Theories abound as to Sanjayas staying power on the show, from suggestions of a flood of offshore voting to the texting power of pre-pubescent gi
15、rls. There is one theory that can actually be quantified by Internet data: shock-jock Howard Sterns campaigning for show-spoiler site Vote for the Worst“ to support voting for the entertaining contestants who the producers would hate to see win on American Idol, according to site creator Dave Della
16、Terza, who teaches a course in reality television at the College of DuPage in Glen Ellyn, Ill.While UV is small compared to the official American Idol site, the fact that it gets nearly a fifth as many online visits gives it the strength to sway a vote. Vote for the Worst is gaining strength, with o
17、ver a 50% growth since last season, which can be attributed largely to the self-proclaimed “King of All Media.“But what does the American public think of the unlikely Idol star? Of all of the searches for Sanjaya over the last four weeks, 41% were searching on variations of his name,“ Sanjaya, or“ S
18、anjaya Malakar, and various misspellings. At least 2.9% searched for information on Sanjayas sister, who didnt make the cut on the show. The next most popular search topic regarded questions about Sanjayas sexual orientation, with searches such as “Sanjaya Malakar gay“, “Sanjaya gay“ and“ is Sanjaya
19、 gay? Whats missing are searches related to Sanjayas musical selection or talent.The Sanjaya phenomenon, while amusing, highlights the biggest challenge to reality shows that depend on a public vote for show outcome. Its not a singing contest, or even a popularity contest; its become a race to see w
20、ho can make the biggest spectacle. In that context, Sanjaya has the advantage.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the opening paragraph that American Idol is the name of _.（分数：2.00）A.a TV play series.B.a TV sitcom.C.a TV entertaining program.D.a singing contest.(2).According to the author, in esse
21、nce American Idol reflects _.（分数：2.00）A.the reality of American TV phenomenon.B.the problem of some American TV programs.C.the reality of the public entertaining trend.D.the reality of American singing contest.(3).What can be inferred about V from the text?（分数：2.00）A.it is a website whose founder Ho
22、ward Stern is a popular figure.B.it valuates the Idol contestants in the same way as the TV producers.C.it is powerful enough to influence the outcome of American Idol.D.it is almost as popular as the American Idol official website.(4).In last but one paragraph, the author intends to _.（分数：2.00）A.ex
23、plain Sanjayas popularity on the website.B.criticize the publics attitude towards Sanjaya.C.make a survey of peoples searches about Sanjaya.D.shed light on the essence of Sanjaya phenomenon.(5).We can conclude from the text that the public attitude toward American Idol is _.（分数：2.00）A.critical.B.app
24、roval.C.playful.D.satirical.BText 2/BIn 1879, Richard Henry Pratt founded the Carlisle Indian School, a remarkable 40-year chapter in this countrys failed social policy regarding Native Americans. Pratts faith could be simply described as: “Kill the Indian, Save the Man!“ to eradicate any manifestat
25、ions of their native culture. When four decades of forcible education ended in 1918, it wasnt clear what Pratts experiment had killed and what it had saved. But there was one indisputably notable legacy- the Carlisle football team. In the early 20th century, the Carlisle Indians ascended to the pinn
26、acle(顶点) of the collegiate game. In those years, it began to engage all the Ivy football powers on the gridiron(运动场). And from 1911 to 1913, including the season in which the legendary Jim Thorpe returned from the Olympics to score 25 touchdowns, Carlisle had a 38-3 record, including a 27-6 rout of
27、West Point.Washington Post sportswriter Sally Jenkins has produced a fascinating new book, “The Real All Americans“: The Team That Changed a Game, a People, a Nation (Doubleday. $24.95), that examines the Carlisle legend in wonderful detail. At the turn of the century, football was exploding on the
28、college scene, particularly at the Ivy elites, where the sons of the gentry could prepare for the rigors of leadership on the gridiron. They preferred their football brutal. Conversely, the Carlisle team was undermanned and seriously undersized.But Carlisle was blessed with gifted athletes and a wiz
29、ard of a coach, Pop Warner. Because Carlisle couldnt match the brute force of its rivals, Warner created an entirely new brand of football, relying on speed, deception and guile. In that 1903 Harvard game, Carlisle used the hidden ball trick to score on the second-half kickoff. While the return man
30、pretended to cradle the ball, another player had it tucked into a pocket sewn inside the back of his jersey and ran unmolested 103 yards for a touchdown.Carlisle developed new blocking techniques that compensated for its size disadvantage: the spiral throw that put the long pass, with its premium(优势
31、) on speed, into the offense and a repertoire of fakes; reverses and misdirection that remain a central part of the game. It took brains to concoct the schemes and intelligence to execute them. These innovations did not go unrecognized. After Carlisle trounced Army in 1912, The New York Times hailed
32、 the conquerors from Carlisle for playing “the most perfect brand of football ever seen in America.“Still, today this country celebrates football like no other sport. Jenkins does a marvelous job of making an intimate connection between our beloved, modern game and the unlikely team that, a century
33、ago, helped make it what it is today.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying“ Kill the Indian, Save the Man“, Pratt probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.to kill all the Indians in America and save American whites.B.to remove the Indian culture from Indians without killing them.C.to eliminate American natives in order to sav
34、e the rest of Americans.D.to indoctrinate Indians with the western culture to protect Americans.(2).We can infer from the text that _.（分数：2.00）A.the coach of Carlisle comes back from the Olympics.B.carlisle has a special edge over Ivy football powers.C.Americans treat football in the same way with o
35、ther games.D.carlisle won several champions in the late 20th century collegiate game.(3).Why did Carlisle rely on speed, deception and guile?（分数：2.00）A.because Carlisle had a higher intelligence than its rivals.B.because Carlisle was hardly weaker in brute force than its rivals.C.because its rivals
36、were physically much stronger than Carlisle.D.because only Carlisle employed a coach who knew various tactics.(4).According to the author, the new blocking techniques developed by Carlisle _.（分数：2.00）A.helped it to win the champion of 1912.B.was recognized by the American people.C.made up for its st
37、rong physical force.D.was useless in the 1912 match against Army.(5).Which of the following is the best title for this text?（分数：2.00）A.Carlisle and Football.B.An Indisputable Legacy.C.Hello, Pratt! Hows football?D.Playing for Keeps.BText 3/BIf American investors have learned any lesson in the last 2
38、5 years, it is to buy shares on the dips. The slide in 2000-2002 may have been longer and deeper than they were used to but normal service was eventually resumed, driving the Dow Jones Industrial Average to a record high on October 1st.Among American financial commentators, it is almost universally
39、accepted that shares always rise over the long run. And one ought to expect shares (which are risky) to deliver a higher return than risk free assets such as government bonds.Nevertheless, investors ought also to remember the worlds second largest economy, Japan. Its most popular stock-market averag
40、e, the Nikkei 225, peaked at 38,915 on the last trading day of the 1980s; this week, nearly 18 years later, it is still only around 17,000, less than half its peak. Buying on the dips did not work either.Professionals of the London Business School examined the record of 16 stock markets which were i
41、n continuous operation over the course of the 20th century. In itself, this selection showed survivorship bias by excluding the likes of Russia and China. The academies found that only three other countries could match the American record of having no 20-year periods with negative real returns.Other
42、 investors were far less lucky. Japanese, French, German and Spanish investors all suffered instances where they had to wait 50-60 years to earn a positive real return. It was no good following the famous advice to “put the shares in a drawer and forget about them“; the furniture would not have last
43、ed that long.Besides survivorship bias, there is another problem with the belief that stock markets must always go up. Investors will keep buying until prices reach stratospheric(稳定的) levels. That clearly happened in Japan in the late 1980s, and after seven years, it is still not much more than half
44、 its peak level.A significant proportion of the return from equities in the second half of the 20(上标)th century came from a re-rating of shares; investors were willing to pay a higher multiple for profits. But re-rating cannot continue forever.If investors want a simple parallel with share prices, t
45、hey need only mm to the American housing market. Back in 2005 an economic adviser to the president said,“ Weve never had a decline in housing prices on a nationwide basis. What I think is more likely is that house prices will slow, maybe stabilize.“Lots of people took the same view and were willing
46、to borrow (and lend) on a vast scale on the grounds that higher house prices would always bail them out. They are now counting their losses. Investors in equities should beware of over-committing themselves on the basis of a similar belief Just ask the Japanese.（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined word“ dip
47、s“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1) means that _.（分数：2.00）A.a place where the surface of something reaches its climax.B.a place where the surface of something goes up suddenly and rapidly.C.a place where the surface of something goes down suddenly then goes up again.D.a place where the surface of something rea
48、ches its lowest point then goes up.(2).By referring to the Nikkei 225, the author wants to imply that _.（分数：2.00）A.investors will keep buying until prices reach stratospheric levels.B.the universally accepted opinion among American investors isnt perfect.C.the slide of Nikkei 225 has been longer and deeper than ever before.D.Japanese investors have to wait 50-60 years to earn a positive real return.(3).It can be interred from the text that in the recent two decades the share prices of _.（分数：2.00）A.China keeps increasing.B.America keeps increasing.C.Rus
