1、考研英语（二）-试卷 112 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Do you wake up every day feeling too tired, or even upset? If so, then a new alarm
2、 clock could be just for you. The clock, called SleepSmart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits【C1】_ you to be in your lightest phase of sleep【C2】_ rousing you. Its makers say that should【C3】_ you wake up feeling refreshed every morning. As you sleep you pass【C4】_ a sequence of sleep stateslight sl
3、eep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleepthat【C5】_ approximately every 90 minutes. The point in that cycle at which you wake can【C6】_ how you feel later, and may【C7】_ have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept. Being roused during a light phase【C8】_ you are more likely to
4、wake up energetic. SleepSmart【C9】_ the distinct pattern of brain waves【C10】_ during each phase of sleep, via a headband equipped【C11】_ electrodes (电极) and a microprocessor. This measures the electrical activity of the wearers brain, in much the【C12】_ way as some machines used for medical and researc
5、h【C13】_ , and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. You【C14】_ the clock with the latest time at【C15】_ you want to be wakened, and it【C16】_ duly(适时地) wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that. The【C17】_ was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode I
6、sland【C18】_ a friend complained of waking up tired and performing poorly on a test.【C19】_ sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of【C20】_ to do about it,“ says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company create
7、d by the students to develop their idea.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.besideB.nearC.forD.around(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.uponB.beforeC.towardsD.till(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.ensureB.assureC.requireD.request(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.throughB.intoC.aboutD.on(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.revealsB.reversesC.resumesD.repeats(6).【C6】（分数：
8、2.00）A.effectB.affectC.reflectD.perfect(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.alreadyB.everC.neverD.even(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.meansB.marksC.saysD.dictates(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.removesB.relievesC.recordsD.recalls(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.proceededB.producedC.pronouncedD.progressed(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.byB.ofC.withD.over(12).【C12】（分
9、数：2.00）A.familiarB.similarC.identicalD.same(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.findingsB.prospectsC.proposalsD.purposes(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.promptB.programC.plugD.plan(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.whereB.thisC.whichD.that(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.thenB.alsoC.almostD.yet(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.claimB.conclusionC.conceptD.explanatio
10、n(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.onceB.afterC.sinceD.while(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.BesidesB.DespiteC.ToD.As(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.howC.whetherD.when二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text b
11、y choosing A, B, C or D._The January fashion show, called FutureFashion, exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to inc
12、lude organic fabrics in their lines. The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. “Most designers with existing label
13、s are finding there arent comparable fabrics that can just replace what youre doing and what your customers are used to,“ he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have f
14、ew eco-friendly equivalents. Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks
15、 they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings) , we have neglected the years they spend in the ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,“ says Griffin. Trawlers (which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor) and long-line fishers (which can deploy th
16、ousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles) take a heavy toll(损失) on turtles. Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles
17、lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendan
18、ts to wonder how a creature so ugly could have won so much affection.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the first paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.human activities have changed the way turtles surviveB.efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying outC.government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles
19、 extinctionD.marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles reproduction(2).What does the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness“ (Line 1 , Para. 2)?（分数：2.00）A.Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.B.Turtles are by nature indifferent to human act
20、ivities.C.The course of nature will not be changed by human interference.D.The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.(3).What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to Elizabeth Griffin?（分数：2.00）A.Their inadequate food supply.B.Unregulated commercial f
21、ishing.C.Their lower reproductive ability.D.Contamination of sea water.(4).How does global warming affect the survival of turtles?（分数：2.00）A.It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.B.The changing climate makes it difficult for their eggs to hatch.C.The rising sea levels make it harder
22、for their hatchlings to grow.D.It takes them longer to adapt to the high beach temperature.(5).The last sentence of the passage is meant to_.（分数：2.00）A.persuade human beings to show more affection for turtlesB.stress that even the most ugly species should be protectedC.call for effective measures to
23、 ensure sea turtles survivalD.warn our descendants about the extinction of speciesWhile still catching up to men in some fields of modern life, women appear to be far ahead in at least one undesirable aspect. “Women are particularly liable to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response t
24、o stress compared to men.“ according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New Yorks Veterans Administration Hospital. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormone (荷尔蒙) somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do
25、 males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males. Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities“
26、 for stress. “Its not necessarily that women dont cope as well. Its just that they have so much more to cope with.“ says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens,“ she observes, “its just that theyre dealing with so many more things that they become worn out fr
27、om it more visibly and sooner. “ Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “ I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. T
28、he kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating. “ Adeline Alvarez married
29、 at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better. “ Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “ Its the hardest
30、 thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck. Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feel
31、ing the strain. Alvarezs experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.Women are biologically more vulnerable to stres
32、s.B.Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.C.Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.D.Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.(2).Dr. Ychudas research suggests that women_.（分数：2.00）A.need extra doses of chemicals to handle stressB.have limited
33、 capacity for tolerating stressC.are more capable of avoiding stressD.are exposed to more stress(3).According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be_.（分数：2.00）A.domestic and temporaryB.irregular and violentC.durable and frequentD.trivial and random(4).The sentence “I lived from payche
34、ck to paycheck. “(Para. 5) shows that_.（分数：2.00）A.Alvarez cared about nothing but making moneyB.Alvarezs salary barely covered her household expensesC.Alvarez got paychecks from different jobsD.Alvarez paid practically everything by check(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the tex
35、t?（分数：2.00）A.Strain of Stress: No Way Out?B.Response to Stress: Gender DifferenceC.Stress Analysis; What Chemicals Say?D.Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress4.Part B_A What to do as a studentB Various definitions of plagiarismC Ideas should always be sourcedD Ignorance can be forgivenE Plagiarism i
36、s equivalent to theftF The consequences of plagiarismG Acknowledgement should substitute plagiarism Scholars, writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of another persons ideas. In the English-speaking world, the term plagiarism (抄袭) is us
37、ed to label the practice of not giving credit for the source of ones ideas. Simply stated, plagiarism is “the wrongful appropriation(盗用) or purloining (偷窃) , and publication as ones own of the ideas, or the expression of ideas of another. “ 1 The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situa
38、tion. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion (开除) from the university. In the literary world, where writers are protected from plagiarism by international copyright laws, the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined car
39、eer. Protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary communities, is a relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources. 2 St
40、udents, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire(可怕的) consequences may occur. There are at least three classific
41、ations of plagiarism as it is revealed in students inexactness in identifying sources properly. They are plagiarism by accident, by ignorance, and by intention. 3 Plagiarism by accident, or oversight, sometimes is the result of the writers inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He
42、 may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. He may also have difficulty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge that no reference to the original source is needed. Although this type of pl
43、agiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt(被免除的) from being severely punished. 4Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for docum
44、entation-note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliographyare easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references. Although “there is no copyright in news, or in ideas, only in the expression of them,“ the writer cannot plead (为辩护) ignorance w
45、hen his sources for ideas are challenged. 5 The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. The writer, limited by his laziness and dullness, copies the thoughts and language of others and claims them for his own. He not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believi
46、ng the ideas are original. Such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention. The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement. All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge t
47、heir indebtedness to their sources. Students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume their responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_6.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese._
