1、考研英语（二）-试卷 108 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Seven years ago, when I was visiting Germany, I met with an official who explained
2、 to me that the country had a perfect solution to its economic problems. Watching the U. S. economy【C1】_ during the 90s, the Germans had decided that they, too, needed to go the high-technology【C2】_ . But how? In the late 90s, the answer seemed obvious: Indians.【C3】_ all, Indian entrepreneurs accoun
3、ted for one of every three Silicon Valley start-ups. So the German government decided that it would【C4】_ Indians to Germany just as America does: by【C5】_ green cards. Officials created something called the German Green Card and【C6】_ that they would issue 20 000 in the first year.【C7】_ , the Germans
4、expected that tens of thousands more Indians would soon be begging to come, and perhaps the【C8】_ would have to be increased. But the program was a failure. A year later【C9】_ half of the 20 000 cards had been issued. After a few extensions, the program was【C10】_. I told the German official at the tim
5、e that I was sure the【C11】_ would fail. Its not that I had any particular expertise in immigration policy,【C12】_ I understood something about green cards, because I had one (the American【C13】_). The German Green Card was misnamed, I argued,【C14】_ it never, under any circumstances, translated into Ge
6、rman citizenship. The U. S. green card, by contrast, is an almost【C15】_ path to becoming American (after five years and a clean record). The official【C16】_ my objection, saying that there was no way Germany was going to offer these people citizenship. “We need young tech workers,“ he said. “Thats wh
7、at this program is all【C17】_. So Germany was asking bright young【C18】_ to leave their country, culture and families, move thousands of miles away, learn a new language and work in a strange landbut without any【C19】_ of ever being part of their new home. Germany was sending a signal, one that was【C20
8、】_ received in India and other countries, and also by Germanys own immigrant community.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.soarB.hoverC.amplifyD.intensify(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.circuitB.strategyC.traitD.route(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.OfB.AfterC.InD.At(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.importB.kidnapC.conveyD.lure(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.o
9、fferingB.installingC.evacuatingD.formulating(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.conferredB.inferredC.announcedD.verified(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.SpeciallyB.NaturallyC.ParticularlyD.Consistently(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.quotasB.digitsC.measuresD.scales(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.invariablyB.literallyC.barelyD.solely(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.re
10、pelledB.deletedC.combatedD.abolished(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.adventureB.responseC.initiativeD.impulse(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.andB.butC.soD.or(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.heritageB.revisionC.notionD.version(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.unlessC.ifD.while(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.aggressiveB.automaticC.vulnerableD.volunta
11、ry(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.overtookB.fascinatedC.submittedD.dismissed(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.towardsB.roundC.aboutD.over(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.dwellersB.citizensC.professionalsD.amateurs(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.prospectB.suspicionC.outcomeD.destination(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.partiallyB.clearlyC.brightlyD.vividly二、R
12、eading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a coun
13、try of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese
14、and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents listed “to give children a good start academically“ as one of their top three reasons for a society to have presch
15、ools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the abi
16、lity to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents. In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of thei
17、r top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school educat
18、ion. Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some J
19、apanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the childrens chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing
20、in some Japanese kindergartens.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe_.（分数：2.00）A.Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parentsB.Japans economic success is a result of its scientific achievementsC.Japanese preschool education emp
21、hasizes academic instructionD.Japans higher education is superior to theirs(2).Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to_.（分数：2.00）A.problem solvingB.group experienceC.parental guidanceD.individually-oriented development(3).In Japans preschool education, the fo
22、cus is on_.（分数：2.00）A.preparing children academicallyB.developing childrens artistic interestsC.tapping childrens potentialD.shaping childrens character(4).Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.broaden childrens horizonB.cultivate childrens creativityC.
23、lighten childrens study loadD.enrich childrens knowledge(5).Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?（分数：2.00）A.They can do better in their future studies.B.They can accumulate more group experience there.C.They can be individually oriented when they grow up
24、.D.They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.On how the world has changed over the last 50 years, not all of it has been good. As you are looking for organic food information, you have obviously become aware that a better alternative exists and you are taking a critical look at
25、the source and production practices of the companies producing the worlds food supplies. The purpose of organic food information is to give you an understanding of what is going into your food. You will see that there are many benefits to organic food that you didnt know before. The basis behind kno
26、wing about organic food information is the fact that farmers are resorting to using artificial fertilizers and pesticides (杀虫剂) to control disease and insect attack in order to produce more crops to satisfy growing demand. These artificial fertilizers leave something poisonous in and on the fruit an
27、d vegetables we consume which in turn is absorbed and stored by our bodies. Even the quality of food has gone down in recent years. Todays fruits have nowhere near the Vitamin C levels they did at one time. However, with organic food information you learn that organic food has fifty percent more nut
28、rients, minerals and vitamins than any other form of produce that has been grown under intensive farming. If you are eating non-organic produce you will have to eat more fruit in order to make up for this deficiency. But then the dangerous cycle continues since you will be eating more chemicals that
29、 are worse for your health than they are good for you. Another aspect of organic food information is the production of meat and poultry (家禽). Most only consider produce when it comes to organic food information disregarding the antibiotics(抗生素) and hormones that are given to both cattle and poultry
30、that are being force fed. Ask yourself what happens to all these antibiotics and hormones when the animal is killed, the remaining of these antibiotics and growth hormones reside in the meat which are then consumed, digested and stored in human bodies. There is no way that an animal that isnt kept i
31、n healthy conditions can produce healthy food for humans to eat. You have nothing to lose by trying organic product, not only will it be healthy for you but you will also be able to eat produce and meat the way they are supposed to be. You will likely be so impressed with the taste of organic fruit
32、that you will never return to the mass-produced fruit again. While cost and availability can be a big issue for some, you can do a bit of research online and find a local store that stocks organic produce for a reasonable price.（分数：10.00）(1).It is stated in Paragraph 1 that organic food_.（分数：2.00）A.
33、is considered as a better choiceB.has become popular over the last 50 yearsC.reflects the change of production practicesD.is mostly supplied by world famous companies(2).According to Paragraph 3 , organic food_.（分数：2.00）A.has gone down in qualityB.has more nutrientsC.can replace mass-produced foodD.
34、lacks Vitamin C(3).What does the author say about meat and poultry?（分数：2.00）A.Organic meat and poultry is hardly available.B.A great amount of meat is consumed every year.C.They may contain antibiotics and growth hormones.D.Merciless killing of the animals lowers their quality.(4).In the last paragr
35、aph, people are advised to_.（分数：2.00）A.return to mass-produced fruitsB.eat traditional produce and meatC.do the cost and availability researchD.try organic product for better health and taste(5).This passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.changes in food production practicesB.a growing demand for high
36、quality foodC.the benefits of organic food informationD.the challenges facing the world food industryIf you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them th
37、at you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively i
38、f you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He s
39、ees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps (跺脚) over to
40、a table by himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God,“ came the reply, “ but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor. “ If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll
41、 be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on
42、 safer ground if you stick to scapegoats (替罪羊) like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often i
43、ts the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist(旋转) on a familiar quote “ If at first you dont su
44、cceed, give up“ or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.（分数：10.00）(1).To make your humor work, you should_.（分数：2.00）A.take advantage of different kinds of
45、 audienceB.make fun of the disorganized peopleC.address different problems to different peopleD.show sympathy for your listeners(2).The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are _.（分数：2.00）A.impolite to new arrivalsB.very conscious of their godlike roleC.entitled to some privi
46、legesD.very busy even during lunch hours(3).It can be inferred from the text that public services_.（分数：2.00）A.have benefited many peopleB.are the focus of public attentionC.are an inappropriate subject for humorD.have often been the laughing stock(4).To achieve the desired result, humorous stories s
47、hould be delivered_.（分数：2.00）A.in well-worded languageB.as awkwardly as possibleC.in exaggerated statementsD.as casually as possible(5).The best title for the text may be_.（分数：2.00）A.Use Humor EffectivelyB.Various Kinds of HumorC.Add Humor to SpeechD.Different Humor StrategiesEverybody loves a fat p
48、ay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking(偷懒) , you might even be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human“, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance (不满). But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emo
