1、考研英语（二）-试卷 96 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_For years, French, Italian and American luxury brands have【C1】_ as China s middle c
2、lass developed a(n) 【C2】_ for high-end fashion and jewelry. But that sales boom is【C3】_ based on the disappointing results many Western luxury retailers have reported of late, 【C4】_ much suggests this slowdown will be【C5】_ . French luxury brand Hermes said watch sales fell 11% in large【C6】_ because
3、of China, and the company is expecting overall growth this year to remain【C7】_ compared to recent averages. Meanwhile, Prada said it expects the tough times for luxury to continue after its China sales fell 4% in 2014. 【C8】_, Hermes, known for its highly coveted Birkin bags and horse-themed silk sca
4、rves that go for thousands of dollars each, has continued to 【C9】_ its stores in China. Why? Because there is【C10】_ data to suggest that luxury s current slowdown in China is【C11】_ a speed bump. According to a new report by the Economic Intelligence Unit【C12】_ by Citigroup, China s wealthy will have
5、 double the【C13】_ of their U.S counterpart within five years. That means a lot of people will be wanting to shop at Prada and Gucci and buying expensive Estee Lauder beauty products. And such companies are happy to【C14】_. Fashion company Michael Kors which is just getting started with its China expa
6、nsion, recently said sales there are “starting to【C15】_.“ Kors main competitor Coach, which plans several new stores in China, saw its sales there rise 13% in its most recent quarter. Tiffany is full【C16】_ ahead with its China expansion【C17】_ disappointing numbers over the holidays at its Hong Kong
7、stores, a favorite haunt of mainland customers. So its clear that any Chinese slowdown is seen by luxury and retail executives as a temporary change. “Chinas prestige beauty growth remains at high single digits, and we see【C18】_ opportunities to enter additional cities, doors and【C19】_, and【C20】_ mo
8、re brands,“ Estee Lauder CEO said last month.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.thrivedB.appearedC.risenD.started(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.viewB.appetiteC.tasteD.bias(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.advancingB.ebbingC.flowingD.ascending(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.asB.becauseC.thoughD.however(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.far-reachingB.complexC.la
9、stingD.short-lived(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.extentB.partC.degreeD.volume(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.slowB.fluctuantC.betterD.calm(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.On the wholeB.As a ruleC.As a consequenceD.At the same time(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.prolongB.expandC.spreadD.renew(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.efficientB.spaciousC.ampleD.additional(
10、11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.evenB.mainlyC.butD.never(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.sponsoredB.donatedC.assistedD.sustained(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.goodsB.assetsC.estatesD.resources(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.welcomeB.obligeC.greetD.receive(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.take placeB.take upC.take actionD.take hold(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.oppor
11、tunityB.blossomC.effortD.steam(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.regardingB.thoughC.despiteD.now that(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.widespreadB.littleC.noD.much(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.channelsB.straitsC.vesselsD.passages(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.releaseB.announceC.noticeD.launch二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II R
12、eading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._“Project gold“ and “Project Nexus“ sound like plans for bank robberies of military attacks. In reality, they are the names for KPMGs ongoing attempt to squeeze its 6
13、,700 London employees into ever smaller spaces. Since 2006 the professional-services firm has reduced the number of offices it uses in London from seven to two; By the spring of 2015 everybody will be crammed into one building in CanaryWharf. Firms have long known that only about half of all desks a
14、re in use at any moment, as employees work odd hours or disappear to meetings, but it was difficult to fill the spares. Better IT systems now mean that people need not be tied to a particular desk. They need not even be in the office at all: as cloud computing and virtual offices take off, more peop
15、le are working from home or from other places, further reducing the need for desks. Aside from cheapness, there is a motive behind this squashing. Inspired by Silicon Valley, firms are trying to make their offices into “collaborative spaces“, where people bump into each other and chat usefully. KPMG
16、s redesigned CanaryWharf offices will include lots of “breakout spaces“ where employees can relax, and quiet rooms Where people can get away from hubbub, says Alastair Young, who is planning the move. He thinks this will both improve productivity and save money. In this happy new world, offices are
17、not just places to work but also a way of expressing corporate identity and a means of attracting and retaining staff. At the offices of Bain the crowds have also put pressure on the air-conditioning system.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be known that “Project gold“ is a plan for_.（分数：2.00）A.bank robberiesB.m
18、ilitary attacksC.squeezing employeesD.squeezing working spaces(2).Better IT systems mean that workers .（分数：2.00）A.are tied to a particular deskB.are in the office all the dayC.can work at homeD.need more desks(3).All of the following are forms of new offices behind the squashing EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.n
19、oisy spacesB.collaborative spacesC.breakout spacesD.quiet rooms(4).Office in this happy new world is_.（分数：2.00）A.just a place to workB.a place to attract new workersC.a place with little corporate identityD.a place to increase pressure(5).The examples of Broadcasting House and KPMG are used to expla
20、in that_.（分数：2.00）A.morning scrambles are in all the placesB.all the offices need to be redesignedC.not everyone is satisfied with the increasing cramped hot desksD.companies need to reduce the number of employeesInstitutions of higher learning must move, as the historian Walter Russell Mead puts it
21、, from a model of “time served“ to a model of “stuff learned.“ Because increasingly the world does not care what you know. Everything is on Google. The world only cares, and will only pay for, what you can do with what you know. And therefore it will not pay for a C-plus in chemistry, just because y
22、our state college considers that a passing grade and was willing to give you a diploma. We re moving to a more competency-based world, where there will be less interest in how you acquired the competency and more demand to prove that you mastered the competency. Therefore, we have to get beyond the
23、current system of information and deliverythe professorial “sage on the stage“ and students taking notes, followed by a superficial assessment, to one in which students are asked and empowered to master more basic material online at their own pace, and the classroom becomes a place where the applica
24、tion of that knowledge can be honed through lab experiments and discussions with the professor. There seemed to be a strong consensus that this “blended model“ combining online lectures with a teacher-led classroom experience was the ideal. Last fall, San Jose State used the online lectures and inte
25、ractive exercises of MITs introductory online Circuits and Electronics course. Students would watch the MIT lectures and do the exercises at home. Then in class, the first 15 minutes were reserved for questions and answers with the San Jose State professor, and the last 45 were devoted to problem-so
26、lving and discussion. Preliminary numbers indicate that those passing the class went from nearly 60 percent to about 90 percent. We demand that plumbers and kindergarten teachers be certified to do what they do, but there is no requirement that college professors know how to teach. No more . The wor
27、ld of MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) is creating a competition that will force every professor to improve his or her pedagogy or face an online competitor. Bottom line: There is still huge value in the residential college experience and the teacher-student and student-student interactions it fa
28、cilitates. But to thrive, universities will have to nurture even more of those unique experiences while blending in technology to improve education outcomes in measurable ways at lower costs. We still need more research on what works, but standing still is not an option.（分数：10.00）(1).Institutions of
29、 higher learning must shift models because the world cares_.（分数：2.00）A.the knowledge you have acquired in the collegeB.the time you put into study and actionC.the way you master the learning abilityD.the things you can handle with your knowledge(2).Which of the following does the current system of i
30、nformation and delivery in higher education NOT include?（分数：2.00）A.Students write down the key points.B.Professors give online lectures.C.A simple assessment about teaching is made.D.Professors give lectures in the front of classroom.(3).According to Paragraph 3, we can learn that online lectures in
31、 San Jose State last fall_.（分数：2.00）A.took an hour for each lectureB.were followed by classroom experiencesC.surpassed classroom experiences in teaching effectD.were the first step to get a degree in Circuits and Electronics course(4).What does the author mean by “No more“ in Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.
32、College professors are forced to improve his pedagogy.B.There is no competition among college students.C.Teaching capacity of college professors can be assessed.D.There is no need for plumbers and kindergarten teachers to obtain certification.(5).The most appropriate title for this text would be_.（分
33、数：2.00）A.Future of Education is in Online LearningB.Colleges Teachers Should Take a Back SeatC.We Should Move the Research on Education forwardD.Information Technology Promote Students LearningScientists have long argued over the relative contributions of practice and native talent to the developmen
34、t of elite performance. This debate swings back and forth every century, it seems, but a paper in the current issue of the journal Psychological Science illustrates where the discussion now stands and hintsmore tantalizingly, for people who just want to do their bestat where the research will go nex
35、t. The value-of-practice debate has reached a stalemate. In a landmark 1993 study of musicians, a research team led by K. Anders Ericsson found that practice time explained almost all the difference (about 80 percent) between elite performers and committed amateurs. The finding rippled quickly throu
36、gh the popular culture, perhaps most visibly as the apparent inspiration for the “10,000-hour rule“ in Malcolm Gladwells best-selling “Outliers“ a rough average of the amount of practice time required for expert performance. The new paper, the most comprehensive review of relevant research to date,
37、comes to a different conclusion. Compiling results from 88 studies across a wide range of skills, it estimates that practice time explains about 20 percent to 25 percent of the difference in performance in music, sports and games like chess. In academics, the number is much lower4 percentin part bec
38、ause its hard to assess the effect of previous knowledge, the authors wrote. One of those people, Dr. Ericsson, had by last week already written his critique of the new review. He points out that the paper uses a definition of practice that includes a variety of related activities, including playing
39、 music or sports for fun or playing in a group. But his own studies focused on what he calls deliberate practice: one-on-one lessons in which an instructor pushes a student continually, gives immediate feedback and focuses on weak spots. “If you throw all these kinds of practice into one big soup, o
40、f course you are going to reduce the effect of deliberate practice,“ he said in a telephone interview. Zach Hambrick, a co-author of the paper of the journal Psychological Science, said that using Dr. Ericsson s definition of practice would not change the results much, if at all, and partisans on bo
41、th sides have staked out positions. Like most branches of the nature-nurture debate, this one has produced multiple camps, whose estimates of the effects of practice vary by as much as 50 percentage points.（分数：10.00）(1).The paper published in Psychological Science introduces_.（分数：2.00）A.why the deba
42、te swings back and forth for a long timeB.what the current situation of the discussion isC.where the people who just want to do their best are standingD.what the significance of the debate is(2).According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.There is a new move in the value-of-p
43、ractice debate.B.The difference between elite performers and committed amateurs has nothing to do with practice time.C.Malcolm Gladwell is enlightened by the finding of K. Anders Ericsson.D.Everyone can become an expert by 10,000-hour practise.(3).The practice time accounts for lower percent in acad
44、emical performance partly because_.（分数：2.00）A.the new paper makes the most comprehensive reviewB.the new paper includes 88 studies across a wide range of skillsC.its difficult to predict the effect of the practice timeD.it s difficult to evaluate the effect of existing knowledge(4).In his critique o
45、f the new review, Dr. Ericsson notes that_.（分数：2.00）A.the definition of practice used in the paper contains various related activitiesB.the study focuses, on the definition of practiceC.the instructor should give immediate feedback to studentsD.the mistake of the study is obvious(5).What is the auth
46、or s attitude towards the practice-nature debate?（分数：2.00）A.Disinterested.B.Objective.C.Critical.D.Unconcerned.If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to sh
47、ow them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alter
48、natively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line fo
