1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 128 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but fa
2、r less harmful 【C1】_ is spreading through their populations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology. The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is 【C2】_. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms, 【C3】_ resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones an
3、d other gadgets do the same thing, 【C4】_ever-increasing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied 【C5】_ wire umbilici. It is tempting to【C6】_a “strategy“ to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient.【C7】_, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, 【C8】
4、_ experimented with by many product designers. This makes it all the more powerful. Tech【C9】_occurs through actively-learnt responses, or “operant conditioning“ as animal behaviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a【C10】_cage called a
5、Skinner Box. The animal is【C11】_with a food pellet for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails. “Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we【C12】_look at our phone, seeking rewards?“ asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a litt
6、le like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement【C13】_an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile【C14】_that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose though
7、t processes have been【C15】_by an invasive pseudo-organism would believe. 【C16】_, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to【C17】_sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free
8、Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can 【C18】_ the Financial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this【C19】_, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it【C20】_to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may ki
9、ll you.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.phenomenonB.epidemicC.issueD.event(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.strikingB.obscureC.interestingD.mysterious(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.relyingB.choosingC.grabbingD.using(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.taking overB.feeding onC.catching upD.allowing for(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.withB.overC.toD.via(6).【C6】（
10、分数：2.00）A.pointB.turnC.attributeD.prefer(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.InsteadB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.asC.thatD.where(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.progressB.termC.crisisD.addiction(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.dangerousB.specialC.largeD.funny(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.rewardedB.resistedC.resumedD.revers
11、ed(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.anxiouslyB.occasionallyC.happilyD.endlessly(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.withinB.fromC.aboutD.through(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.supportB.approveC.argueD.insist(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.formedB.seperatedC.classifiedD.modified(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.SurprisinglyB.ImportantlyC.FortunatelyD.Regrettably(
12、17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.compensateB.helpC.comfortD.improve(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.shareB.obtainC.subscribeD.observe(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.partB.senseC.levelD.way(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.adaptiveB.carefulC.similarD.captive二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections
13、: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._How best to solve the pollution problems of a city sunk so deep within sulfurous clouds that it was described as hell on earth? Simply answered: Relocate all urban smoke-creating industry and encircle the
14、 metropolis of London with sweetly scented flowers and elegant hedges. In fact, as Christine L. Cotton, a Cambridge scholar, reveals in her new book, London Fog, this fragrant anti-smoke scheme was the brainchild of John Evelyn, the 17th-century diarist. King Charles II was said to be much pleased w
15、ith Evelyn s idea, and a bill against the smoky nuisance was duly drafted. Then nothing was done. Nobody at the time, and nobody right up to the middle of the 20th century, was willing to put public health above business interests. And yet its a surprise to discover how beloved a feature of London l
16、ife these multicolored fogs became. A painter, Claude Monet, fleeing besieged Paris in 1870, fell in love with Londons vaporous, mutating clouds. He looked upon the familiar mist as his reliable collaborator. Visitors from abroad may have delighted in the fog, but homegrown artists lit candles and v
17、ainly scrubbed the grime from their gloom-filled studio windows. “Give us light!“ Frederic Leighton pleaded to the guests at a Lord Mayor s banquet in 1882, begging them to have pity on the poor painter. The more serious side of Corton s book documents how business has taken precedence over humanity
18、 where London s history of pollution is concerned. A prevailing westerly wind meant that those dwelling to the east were always at most risk. Those who could afford it lived elsewhere. The east was abandoned to the underclass. Lord Palmerston spoke up for choking East Enders in the 1850s, pointing a
19、 finger at the interests of the furnace owners. A bill was passed, but there was little change. Eventually, another connection was established: between London s perpetual veil of smog and its citizens cozily smoldering grates. Sadly, popular World War I songs like “Keep the Home Fires Burning“ didnt
20、 do much to encourage the adoption of smokeless fuel. It wasnt until what came to be known as the “Great Killer Fog“ of 1952 that the casualty rate became impossible to ignore and the British press finally took up the cause. It was left to a Member of Parliament to steer the Clean Air Act into law i
21、n 1956. Within a few years, even as the war against pollution was still in its infancy, the dreaded fog began to fade. Corton s book combines meticulous social history with a wealth of eccentric detail. Thus we learn that London s ubiquitous plane trees were chosen for their shiny, fog-resistant fol
22、iage. It s discoveries like these that make reading London Fog such an unusual and enlightening experience.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.The fragrant anti-smoke scheme was inspired by John Evelyn s child.B.King Charles II was not actually satisfied
23、with Evelyn s idea.C.The process of drafting the bill against the smoky nuisance was slow.D.It wasnt until the middle of the 20th century that someone willingly put public health above commercial interests.(2).The word “grime“(Para. 3)is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.fogB.dirtC.frostD.paint(3).W
24、hich of the following would be most heavily affected by Londons pollution according to Corton s book?（分数：2.00）A.rich dwellers in the east.B.the underclass in the west.C.East London s slum dwellers.D.servants of furnace owners.(4).The author mainly shows in the last but one paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A
25、.Great Killer Fog led to huge mortalityB.The British press was also playing a big roleC.It was a long way for Clean Air Act to be passedD.reducing the air pollution worked though it was in the primary stage(5).There were plane trees everywhere in London because they_.（分数：2.00）A.could resist fog and
26、hazeB.were related to social historyC.contained a wealth of eccentric detailD.were shiny and beautified the environmentIn a sweeping change to how most of its 1,800 employees are paid, the Union Square Hospitality Group will eliminate tipping at Union Square Cafe and its 12 other restaurants by the
27、end of next year, the companys chief executive, Danny Meyer, said on Wednesday. The move will affect New York City businesses. The first will be the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art, starting next month. The others will gradually follow. A small number of restaurants around the country have r
28、educed or eliminated tipping in the last several years. Some put a surcharge on the bill, allowing the restaurants to set the pay for all their employees. Others, including Bruno Pizza, a new restaurant in the East Village, factor the cost of an hourly wage for servers into their menu prices. Union
29、Square Hospitality Group will do the latter. The Modern will be the pilot restaurant, Mr. Meyer said, because its chef, Abram Bissell, has been agitating for higher pay to attract skilled cooks. The average hourly wage for kitchen employees at the restaurant is expected to rise to $15.25 from $11.75
30、. Mr. Meyer said that restaurants such as his needed to stay competitive as the state moved to a $15 minimum wage for fast-food workers. If cooks wages do not keep pace with the cost of living, he said, “its not going to be sustainable to attract the culinary talent that the city needs to keep its e
31、dge.“ Mr. Meyer said he hoped to be able to raise pay for junior dining room managers and for cooks, dishwashers and other kitchen workers. The wage gap is one of several issues cited by restaurateurs who have deleted the tip line from checks. Some believe it is unfair for servers pay to be affected
32、 by factors that have nothing to do with performance. A rash of class-action lawsuits over tipping irregularities, many of which have been settled for millions of dollars, is a mounting worry. Scott Rosenberg, an owner of Sushi Yasuda in Manhattan, said in an interview in 2013 that he had eliminated
33、 tipping so his restaurant could more closely follow the customs of Japan, where tipping is rare. He said he also hoped his customers would enjoy leaving the table without having to solve a math problem. While Drew Nieporent, who owns nine restaurants in New York City and one in London, said he doub
34、ted the average diner would accept an increase in prices. “Tipping is a way of life in this country,“ he said. “It may not be the perfect system, but it s our system. It s an American system.“（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, what would happen in New York City?（分数：2.00）A.1,800 employee
35、s of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be paid as much as before.B.Tips in 13 restaurants of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be removed.C.All the business will be affected by Danny Meyer s action and eliminate tipping.D.There will be a new tipping system in the Modern, inside the Museu
36、m of Modern Art.(2).By “do the latter“(Para. 2), the writer probably means Union Square Hospitality Group will_.（分数：2.00）A.reduce tipsB.decrease pricesC.explain that prices include “hospitality“D.provide blank lines for tips on checks(3).Why does Danny Meyer make the Modern be the first restaurant t
37、o eliminate tipping?（分数：2.00）A.Tips can not be distributed to its skilled cooks.B.Its chef argues strongly for higher pay to attract culinary talents.C.The wages its cooks earn do not keep pace with the cost of living.D.Compensation chefs receive remains roughly the same with servers.(4).It is unfai
38、r that servers pay may be affected by EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.their serviceB.the weatherC.race and ageD.their customers moods(5).The authors attitude towards tips elimination seems to be_.（分数：2.00）A.favorableB.skepticalC.uncertainD.objectiveAnyone who has searched for a job fresh out of college knows how
39、 difficult it is to get that first job. Sending out hundreds of resumes, only to get a few interviews in the endif youre lucky! and if youre very lucky, eventually theres a job offer on the table. Should you grasp it, or wait for something better to come along the way? It depends on whether you are
40、a “maximizer“ or a “satisficer“. Maximizers want to explore every possible option before choosing a job. They gather every stick of information in the hope of making the best possible decision. If you are a satisficer, however, you make decisions based on the evidence at hand. Simply put, satisficer
41、s are more likely to cut their job search short and take the first job offer. Maximizers are more likely to continue searching until a better job offer comes along. Which type of approach yields the better payoff? A maximizer. Specifically, quoting the results of a study of the job search of 548 mem
42、bers of the Class of 2002 by Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz, the maximizers put themselves through more contortions in the job hunt. They applied to twenty jobs, on average, while satisficers applied to only ten, and they were significantly more likely to make use of outside sourc
43、es of information and support. But it turned out to be worth it: the job offers they got were significantly better, in terms of salary, than what the satisficers got. Satisficers were offered jobs with an average starting salary of $37, 085; the average starting salary offered to maximizers was $44,
44、 515, more than 20 percent higher. The trouble is, however, that higher pay doesnt make maximizers a happier group than satisficers. In fact, maximizers were significantly more likely than satisficers to be unhappy with the offers they accepted. Evidently, being a maximizer can help you earn more in
45、come, but that income doesnt buy more happiness, as the maximizers likely to agonize over the prospect of a better job offer out there he or she missed. Maximizers may have objectively superior outcomes, but theyre so busy obsessing about all the things that they could have had, they tend to be less
46、 happy with the outcomes they do get.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in the first two paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.Graduates arent well-prepared for jobs when freshing out of colleges.B.Anyone who is very lucky can get a job earlier than those unlucky.C.Satisficers tend to take the first job offer on the tab
47、le.D.Satisficers wait for something better based on information at hand.(2).According to the Paragraph 3, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Maximizers can get something of value from outside information.B.Maximizers tend to apply to more jobs than satisfiers.C.Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells,
48、and Barry Schwartz are maximizers.D.The research showed that satisficers were more likely to make use of all the information.(3).The word “contortions“(Para. 3)most probably refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.choicesB.occupationsC.opportunitiesD.distortions(4).The passage conveys that higher pay_.（分数：2.00）A.brings less happiness to maximizers than to satisficersB.encourages maximizers seek perfectionC.makes maximizers imagine the prospect of a better job offerD
