1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 122 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation an
2、d Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an【C1】_ burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but【C2】_ retirement could help. Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal, but it is a socially【C3】_ on
3、e, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The【C4】_ reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the【C5】_ of those in work for their income. The【C6】_ is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates an
4、d【C7】_ life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double【C8】_ size. Public pension payments, which afford 30%80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are【C9】_ to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight perce
5、ntage points in some countries.【C10】_ is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of todays workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they【C11】_ for. Action is needed,【C12】_ simply aiming to reduce the【C13】_ (and cost) of public pensions, or trying to【C14】_ the role of priva
6、tely funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be【C15】_ to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of【C16】_ early retirement schemes to avoid【C17】_ and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking【C18】_ persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Sur
7、ely, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less【C19】_ and unemployment is down, then perhaps the【C20】_ rate should rise anew.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.unsolvableB.additionalC.unsustainableD.undue(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.delayingB.retainingC.detainingD.hindering(3).【C3】（分数：2
8、.00）A.ultimateB.unattainableC.specificD.expensive(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.substantialB.essentialC.potentialD.controversial(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.donatingB.sponsoringC.subsidizingD.funding(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.outlookB.outcomeC.outbreakD.outset(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.prolongingB.expandingC.soaringD.rising(8).【C8】（分数：2
9、.00）A.inB.onC.byD.for(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.conceivedB.reckonedC.expectedD.meant(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.AsB.SuchC.SoD.It(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.should payB.payingC.be paidD.would pay(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.butB.forC.andD.thus(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.multitudeB.implementationC.applicationD.generosity(14).【C14】（分数：2.0
10、0）A.exaggerateB.augmentC.magnifyD.multiply(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.insufficientB.influentialC.inefficientD.intrinsic(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.advancingB.previousC.aheadD.preceding(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.suspensionsB.abundancesC.redundanciesD.discrepancies(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.forB.toC.aboutD.at(19).【C19】（分数：2.00
11、）A.turbulentB.strenuousC.compactD.intricate(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.dependencyB.fertilityC.presentD.mortality二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The Jan
12、uary fashion show, called FutureFashion, exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their li
13、nes. The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. “Most designers with existing labels are finding there arent compar
14、able fabrics that can just replace what youre doing and what your customers are used to,“ he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents. Tho
15、se who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers the Asian greengrocer, a Greek baker and a Greek fishmonger. They dont wear name tags, but one gets to know them, all by name.A business always emphasized the maintenance of customers.B they
16、can directly get the service they need.C few customers will appeal to claims court.D impoliteness is a kind of bad service.E they regard retailing as a temporary job. F they have spent much time on TV and computers.G shoppers are usually strident, frustrated and impatient.（分数：10.00）(1).Even if the b
17、ureaus arbitration process is fruitless,（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).What customers really want is that（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).One of the reasons for ill feeling in the marketplace is that（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Graduates often lack interpersonal skills chiefly because（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).For many Canadians,（分数：2.00）
18、填空项 1:_5.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese._6.Immigration stirs up strong enough fears to justify questionable measures of protection against it from arrests at the doors of French schools to the border wall that separates the
19、 USA from Mexico. Economic research suggests that the intensity of these reactions seems completely disproportionate to immigrations real economic impact on the local population. David Card has shown that even massive waves of immigration dont result in lower salaries or fewer jobs for local people
20、in the US. In a recent survey article, he concluded that the “ new immigration“ assimilates just as well as previous waves had, and that the wages and employment prospects of natives are not any lower in cities that received more migrants. Furthermore, Patricia Cortes also showed that an increase in
21、 the number of immigrants causes a price-drop in the sectors where theyre concentrated.（分数：2.00）_三、Writing(总题数：5，分数：4.00)7.Section III Writing_8.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information._9.Directions: You have just come back from Canada and
22、found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to 1) make an apology, and 2) suggest a solution. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “ Li Ming“ instead. Do not write th
23、e address. (10 points)（分数：2.00）_10.Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information._11.Directions： In this part，you are asked to write an essay according to the information belowYou should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2(15 points) 近年来，火车提速一直是一
24、个热门话题。对此，有些人持肯定态度，认为火车提速能带来很多便利。但也有些人持否定态度，他们认为火车提速带来的弊要多于利。请谈谈你的看法。（分数：2.00）_考研英语（二）模拟试卷 122 答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：A
25、ging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an【C1】_ burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but【C2】_ retirement could help. Early
26、 retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal, but it is a socially【C3】_ one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The【C4】_ reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the【C5】_ of those in work for
27、their income. The【C6】_ is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and【C7】_ life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double【C8】_ size. Public pension payments, which afford 30%80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are【C9】_ to rise,
28、on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.【C10】_ is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of todays workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they【C11】_ for. Action is needed,【C12】_ simply aiming to redu
29、ce the【C13】_ (and cost) of public pensions, or trying to【C14】_ the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be【C15】_ to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of【C16】_ early retirement schemes to avoid【C17】_ and higher unemployment, many governments a
30、re now looking【C18】_ persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less【C19】_ and unemployment is down, then perhaps the【C20】_ rate should rise anew.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.unsolvableB.additionalC.unsustainable
31、 D.undue解析：解析：形容词辨析。空格处的形容词修饰 burden，说明“提早退休给退休金的融资带来了负担”。由下文第二段首句对提早退休的叙述 Early retirementmakes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long(提早退休使当前的公共养老金系统难以持久)，可知文中强调的是其不可持续性，C 项 unsustainable“不能持续的，无法维持的”最符合文意。B 项 additional“附加的，额外的”、D 项 undue“不适当的，过度的”无法从文中推知。本文意在讨论前几年提倡的提前退休
32、给养老金系统带来的挑战，并试图找出解决方案，所以 A 项 unsolvable“不能解决的”与文意矛盾。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.delaying B.retainingC.detainingD.hindering解析：解析：动词词义辨析。空格处填入动名词作定语修饰 retirement，但实际考查的是动词词义辨析。前文提到，提早退休给养老金融资带来了负担，空格前 but 转折指出，但是退休却能有所帮助。可见，所填词应与 early 相对，从词义看，只有 delay 单纯表示时间的“耽搁，延迟”，符合文意，故 A 为正确答案。retain 指“保持，保留”；detain 指“由于被
33、留在某地而不能按时离开”；hinder 指“阻碍，妨碍(行动或进展)”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.ultimateB.unattainableC.specificD.expensive 解析：解析：形容词辨析。空格所在句子与前一分句结构对称，因此主语 it 指代前一句的主语 early retirement，空格处形容词修饰的表语 one 指代前文的 goal。由表示转折的连词 but 可知，两个分句是从一个角度分析“提早退休”作为个人和社会目标的两种相反的影响，即“对个人是值得的，但对社会则是不值得的”。此外，由下文可知，这种“不值得的”目标造成的后果是：使现有公共养老金系统难以
34、持久。所以 D 项 expensive“昂贵的，费钱的”符合文意，为正确答案。A 项 ultimate“最终的，根本的”，B 项 unattainable“无法实现的”，C 项 specific“明确的，特定的”均不正确。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.substantialB.essential C.potentialD.controversial解析：解析：形容词辨析。根据上下文可知，空格处填入形容词修饰 reason，说明“更多的人提早退休而寿命更长”是“当前的公共养老金系统难以持久”的原因。本段下文都在论述这一原因，可见它是很重要的，因此 B 项 essential“实质的，基本
35、的”是正确答案。文章没有提及该原因是“潜在的，可能的”或“有争议的”，排除 C 项 potential 和 D 项 controversial。A 项 substantial 也有“实质的，本质的”含义，但它是指由于数量大而重要。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.donatingB.sponsoringC.subsidizingD.funding 解析：解析：动词辨析。填入的动名词作 depend on 的介词宾语，说明“退休人员依赖在职者的以保障他们的收入”。关键是辨析四个核心动词的词义。四个选项都有“提供资金”的含义，donate 意为“捐赠，捐献”，一般要接表具体物体、金钱的名词，所
36、赠的对象一般是慈善事业或机构；sponsor 意为“赞助(活动，节目等)”，而且目的常常是为了做宣传；subsidize 意为“补助，资助(某人或组织支付某种费用)”；fund 指 supply with money“为提供资金，资助”。文中说的是在职者“资助”而非“捐赠、赞助或补贴”退休工人的收入。D 项符合文意，为正确答案。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.outlook B.outcomeC.outbreakD.outset解析：解析：名词辨析。空格处填入的名词作句子的主语，被表语 worrying 修饰。由下文 In the next 50 years可知接下来是对将来可能发生情况
37、的预测，A 项 outlook 填入空格意为“前景令人担忧”，符合文意，为正确答案。B 项 outcome“结果”，C 项 outbreak“(战争的)爆发，(疾病的)发作”，D 项outset“开端，开始”都不正确。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.prolongingB.expandingC.soaringD.rising 解析：解析：动词辨析。空格处填入的现在分词修饰 life expectancy，所在句意为“低出生率和预期寿命使老年人口依赖率增长约一倍”。prolong 指“延长，拖长(时间)”，不能修饰expectancy；expand 指“展开，扩大(范围)”。因此能够修饰中
38、心词 expectancy 的只有 C 和 D 两项，而现实中人的预期寿命是随生活水平提高逐渐增加的，不可能“突然上升”，因此排除 soaring，故 D 项rising 正确，意为“上升的预期寿命”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.in B.onC.byD.for解析：解析：介词辨析。空格处填入的介词连接 double 与 size，表明“在大小方面加倍”，A 项 in“关于，在方面”，是正确项。on“关于方面”，多指主题方面；by“就而论”，用于说明某人的工作、性格、出身等；for“为了，对来说”表示对象。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.conceivedB.reckonedC
39、.expected D.meant解析：解析：动词用法。空格处填入的动词作句子的谓语，所在部分是被动语态结构。从语法、语义上均符合文章要求的只有 expect“预期，认为”，构成搭配 be expected to do，原文意为“公共退休金的支出有望上升”。conceive“构思，设想”，其含义不与上下文不符。reckon“估计，猜想，认为”和mean“打算，意欲”都不能构成 be+vedto do 的搭配。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.AsB.Such C.SoD.It解析：解析：语法结构。such that是习惯搭配，意为“因为非常以至于”，空格所在句子是倒装句，such 置于
40、句首，起强调作用。原文意为：养老基金的压力太大了，现在的工人有得不到他们预期的养老金的危险。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.should payB.payingC.be paid D.would pay解析：解析：虚拟语气的省略结构。空格处要求填入动词 pay 的适当形式。首先空格前 they 指 todays workers(现在的工人)，他们将是被付给退休金的人，所以要用 pay 的被动语态。其次，felt 在这里表示“想，认为”，从句用虚拟语气，即 should+动词原形，这时 should 可以省略，所以 C 项正确。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.but B.fo
41、rC.andD.thus解析：解析：逻辑关系。考生需要判断空格前后两个分句之间的逻辑关系。由于该句结构比较复杂，且空格较多，可以答完第 13、14、15 题以后再答。空格所在句子的含义是：需要采取行动，仅仅试图减少公共养老金的支出和费用或试图增强私人养老金在系统中的作用，虽然是必需的，但在应对这种挑战方面是不够的。可见二者是转折关系，因此 A 项正确。for“因为”，表因果；and“并且”，表并列或递进；thus“因而”，表因果。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.multitudeB.implementationC.applicationD.generosity 解析：解析：通过上下文
42、选择名词。空格处填入的名词作 of public pensions 的中心语以及 reduce 的动词宾语。根据上文，第二段末句提到“养老基金的压力太大了”，第三段首句则提出“需要采取行动”。由此推出后面的内容应该围绕如何减小压力展开论述。因此空格处的内容“减少公共养老金的”是减小压力的一种方法。A 项 multitude 与 reduce 搭配，意为“减小的数量”，代入原文，“减小公共养老金的数量”显然不是减压的方法。B 项 implementation“实施，执行”通常不直接作 reduce 的宾语。C 项 application 的搭配应是 application for public
43、pensions(申请公共养老金)。只有 D 项generosity“慷慨，宽大”符合文意，意为“现在的养老金支出过于慷慨，需要减少”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.exaggerateB.augment C.magnifyD.multiply解析：解析：动词辨析。空格处填入的动词与 the role of搭配。备选四项都有“使变大”的意思，但D 项 multiply“(使加倍)增大”不与 the role 搭配，A 项 exaggerate“夸大，夸张”和 C 项magnify“放大，扩大”都表示“实际大小没变而夸大或使看起来大”。B 项 augment 表示“扩大；增加(某事的
44、价值，数量，效果等)”，符合文意，原文意为“增强私人养老金在系统中的作用”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.insufficient B.influentialC.inefficientD.intrinsic解析：解析：通过上下文选择形容词。空格所在句子的主干结构是 simply aiming toor trying tomay be_，因此填入的形容词是说明“为了减小养老金压力而采取的这些行动”的特点。由插入语 though necessary step(虽然是必需的步骤)推出所填词应与 necessary 含义相反，可排除influential“有很大影响的”和 intrinsi
45、c“固有的，内在的，本身的”；由 simply 一词及上下文语义可知空格处的含义应该是“(仅仅这样做)是不够的”，只有 A 项 insufficient 符合文意。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.advancing B.previousC.aheadD.preceding解析：解析：形容词词义辨析。本题要求填入一个形容词修饰 early retirement 或 early retirement schemes。从语义看，A 项 advancing“提前的，超前的”修饰 early retirement 意为“提前退休”，即比正常的退休年龄要早；B 项 previous“在前的，早先的”修饰 schemes，意为“之前的早退休计划”，与前面的 after 语义重复；C 项 ahead“在前，提前”要放在所修饰的名词之后，如 He kept his gaze fixed on the ear ahead(他眼睛一直盯着前面的车)；D 项 preceding“在前的，前述的”指在所
