1、考研英语模拟试卷 122及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a serious source of discomfort to their fellows. (1)_, medical authorities ex
2、press their (2)_ about the effect of smoking (3)_ the health not only (4)_ those who smoke but also of those who do not. In fact, non smokers who must (5)_ inhale the air polluted by tobacco smoke may (6)_ more than the smokers themselves. As you aye doubtless, (7)_, a considerable number of our stu
3、dents have (8)_ in effort to (9)_ the university to ban smoking in the classroom. I believe they are (10)_ right in their aim. (11)_ I would hope that it is (12)_ to achieve this by (13)_ on the smokers to use good judgment and show concern (14)_ others rather than regulation. Smoking is (15)_ by la
4、w in theater and in halls used for (16)_ films as well as in laboratories where there (17)_ be a fire hazard. Elsewhere, it is up to your good sense. I am (18)_ asking you to maintain (19)_ in the auditoriums, classrooms and seminar rooms. This will prove that you have the nonsmokers health and well
5、-being in (20)_, which is very important to a large number of our students. （ A） Still （ B） More （ C） Again （ D） Further （ A） concern （ B） trouble （ C） interest （ D） displeasure （ A） on （ B） in （ C） with （ D） to （ A） to （ B） about （ C） with （ D） of （ A） involuntarily （ B） differently （ C） directly （
6、 D） reluctant （ A） endure （ B） suffer （ C） undergo （ D） put （ A） alert （ B） awake （ C） aware （ D） informed （ A） linked （ B） connected （ C） associated （ D） joined （ A） make （ B） persuade （ C） say （ D） talk （ A） entirely （ B） total （ C） just （ D） hole （ A） Then （ B） Further （ C） However （ D） Moreover
7、（ A） likely （ B） probable （ C） capable （ D） possible （ A） pleading （ B） begging （ C） suggesting （ D） calling （ A） with （ B） for （ C） in （ D） on （ A） prohibited （ B） stopped （ C） suppressed （ D） prevented （ A） playing （ B） demonstrating （ C） showing （ D） exhibiting （ A） will （ B） should （ C） may （ D）
8、 must （ A） then （ B） therefore （ C） subsequently （ D） so （ A） No smoking （ B） Non-smoker （ C） No smoke （ D） Non-smoke （ A） head （ B） heart （ C） mind （ D） sense Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 My objective
9、 is to analyse certain forms of knowledge, not in terms of repression or law, but in terms of power. But the word power is apt to lead to misunderstandings about the nature, form, and unity of power. By power, I do not mean a group of institutions and mechanisms that ensure the subservience of the c
10、itizenry. I do not mean, either, a mode of subjugation that, in contrast to violence, has the form of the rule. Finally, I do not have in mind a general system of domination exerted by one group over another, a system whose effects, through successive derivations, pervade the entire social body. The
11、 sovereignty of the state, the form of law or the overall unity of a domination are only the terminal forms power takes. It seems to me that power must be understood as the multiplicity of force relations that are immanent in the social sphere; as the process that, through ceaseless struggle and con
12、frontation, transforms, strenghtens, or reverses them; as the support that these force relations find in one another, or on the contrary, the disjunction and contradictions that isolate them from one another; and lastly, as the strategies in which they take effect, whose general design or institutio
13、nal crystallization is embodied in the state apparatus, in the formulation of the law, in the various social hegemonies. Thus, the viewpoint that permits one to understand the exercise of power, even in its more “peripheral“ effects, and that also makes it possible to use its mechanisms as a structu
14、ral framework for analysing the social order, must not be sought in a unique source of sovereignty from which secondary and descendent for/ns of power emanate but in the moving substrate of force relations that, by virtue of their inequality, constantly engender local and unstable states of power. I
15、f power seems omnipresent, it is not because it has the privilege of consolidating everything under its invincible unity, but because it is produced from one moment to the next at every point, or rather in every relation from one point to another. Power is everywhere, not because it embraces everyth
16、ing, but because it comes from everywhere. And if power at times seems to be permanent, repetitious, invert, and self-reproducing, it is simply because the overall effect that emerges from all these mobilities is a concatenation that rests on each of them and seeks in torn to arrest their movement.
17、One needs to be nominalistic, no doubt: power is not an institution, and not a structure; neither is it a certain strength we are endowed with; it is the name that one attributes to a complex strategic situation in a particular society. 21 The authors primary purpose in defining power is to _. （ A）
18、counteract self-serving and confusing uses of the term （ B） establish a compromise among those who have defined the term in different ways （ C） increase comprehension of the term by providing concrete examples （ D） avoid possible misinterpretations resulting from the more common uses of the term 22
19、Which of the following best describes the relationship between law and power? （ A） Law is the protector of power. （ B） Law is the source of power. （ C） Law sets buns to power. （ D） Law is a product of power. 23 The author would be most likely to agree with statements that _. （ A） power tends to corr
20、upt; absolute power corrupts absolutely （ B） it is from the people and their deeds that power springs （ C） the highest proof of virtue is to possess boundless power without abusing it （ D） to love knowledge is to love power 24 The authors attitude toward the various kinds of compulsion employed by s
21、ocial institutions is best described as _. （ A） concerned and sympathetic （ B） scientific and detached （ C） suspicious and cautious （ D） reproachful and disturbed 25 The word “omnipresent“ in Para. 3 probably means _. （ A） eternal （ B） strategic （ C） present everywhere （ D） sovereign 26 Bobby and hi
22、s master, farmer John Gray, were familiar sights in Edinburgh. Every Wednesday after a visit to market and exactly as the time-gun boomed one oclock, the two would enter Traills Dining Room for their midday meal, a frugal lunch for Gray, and a bun for Bobby. Then in 1858, the schedule was interrupte
23、d. Farmer Gray died. Three days after the funeral exactly at one oclock, Traill found him self looking into a pair of beseeching canine eyes. Bobby got his bun and disappeared. This was repeated for several days until Traills curiosity got the better of him. He followed the small terrier as he left
24、and raced to his masters grave. There he remained each day, fair or foul, despite the efforts of dog-loving townspeople to give him a new home. The graveyard caretaker, while sympathetic, was at first not so willing to let him in. But Bobbys devotion and fidelity were so great that the caretaker pro
25、vided Bobby with a shelter close to the grave to protect him from bad weather. Then, after nine years, Bobby was arrested as a vagrant because he had no license. The restaurant keeper appeared in court with Bob by mile was released by merciful justice. But just to make sure the law could not touch h
26、im. Lord Provost William Chambers paid Bobbys fee each year and presented him with a brass-plated collar inscribed “Grey friars Bobby from The Lord Provost, 1876, License.“ After that, Grey friars Bobby was allowed to keep his lonely vigil undisturbed. He never varied his mealtime. Each day he left
27、the graveyard as the gun roared one oclock to pick up his bun and take it back to eat at his masters side. He must have been really hardy for he lived until 1872, having kept to his solitary post for fourteen long years. He was buried in Grey friars, of course, in a flower bed near John Grays tombst
28、one. 26 An appropriate title for the passage could be _. （ A） Traills Dining Room （ B） Farmer John Gray （ C） Bobby the Faithful （ D） Lord Provost William Chambers 27 The phrase “familiar sights“ in the first sentence is nearest in meaning to _. （ A） people who are familiar with the surroundings （ B）
29、 people who enjoy sightseeing （ C） people who have very good eye-sights （ D） people or objects that are often seen around by others 28 The phrase “fair or foul“ in the second paragraph is used to describe _. （ A） the graveyard （ B） the weather （ C） Bobby （ D） Traill 29 Which of the following is NOT
30、mentioned or implied about Bobby? （ A） Bobby had refused to live in other peoples home. （ B） Bobby was devoted and faithful to his master. （ C） Bobby was once arrested because he did something wrong. （ D） Bobby was protected by Lord Provost William Chambers until his death. 30 From the passage, we k
31、now that Bobby was _. （ A） John Grays servant （ B） a dog （ C） a vagrant （ D） John Grays son 31 A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But
32、art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors or of people very different from our own can be provided by art. In sh
33、ort, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books. In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, b
34、ut opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political“ artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May, 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of
35、power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picassos Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros-as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martinez-d
36、epicted these Mexican artists deep anger and sadness about social problems. In the same way, art can reflect a cultures religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings th
37、at depicted people and stories from the Bible. Al though most people couldnt read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images. This refl
38、ects the Islamic belief that statues are unholy. 31 More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than general history because art history _. （ A） shows us the religious beliefs and emotions of a people in addition to political values. （ B） provides us with information about the da
39、ily activities of people in the past （ C） gives us an insight into the essential qualities of a time and a place （ D） all of the above 32 Art is subjective in that _. （ A） a personal and emotional view of history is presented through it （ B） it can easily rouse our anger or sadness about social prob
40、lems （ C） it will find a ready echo in our hearts （ D） both B and C 33 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? （ A） Unlike Francisco Goya, Pablo Picasso and several Mexican artists expressed their political opinions in their paintings. （ B） History books often reveal the
41、compliers political views. （ C） Religious art remained in Europe for centuries the only type of art because most people regarded the Bible as the Holy Book. （ D） In the Middle East even today you can hardly find any human and animal figures on palaces or other buildings. 34 The passage mainly discus
42、ses _. （ A） the difference between general history and art history （ B） the making of art history （ C） what we can learn from art （ D） the influence of artists on art history 35 It may be concluded from this passage that _. （ A） Islamic artists have had to create architectural decoration with images
43、 of flowers or geometric forms （ B） history teachers are more objective than artists （ C） it is more difficult to study art history than general history （ D） people and stories from the Bible were painted on churches and other building in order to popularize the Bible 36 The full influence of mechan
44、ization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. The introduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines would rob them of their work. Patrick Bell, in Scoffland, and Cyrus McCormick, in United States, produced
45、 threshing machines. Ingenious improvements were made in plows to compensate for different soil types. Stream power came into use in 1860s on large farms. Hay rakes, hay-loaders, and various special harvesting machines were produced. Milking machines appeared. The internal-combustion engine run by g
46、asoline became the chief power source for the farm. In time, the number of certain farm machines that came into use skyrocketed and changed the nature of fanning. Between 1940 and 1960, for example, 12 million horses and mules gave way to 5 million tractors. Tractors offer many features that are att
47、ractive to farmers. There are, for example, numerous attachments: cultivators that can penetrate the soil to varying depths, rotary hoes that chop needs; spray devices that can spray pesticides in bands 100 feet across, and many others. A piece of equipment has now been invented or adapted for virtu
48、ally every laborious hand or animal operation on the farm. In the United States, for example, cotton, tobacco, hay, and grain are planted, treated for pests and diseases, fertilized, cultivated and harvested by machine. Large devices shake fruit and nut from trees; grain and blend feed, and dry grai
49、n and hay. Equipment is now available to put just the right amount of fertilizer in just the right place, to spray and exact row width, and to count out, space, and plant just the right number of seeds for a row. Mechanization is not used in agriculture in many parts of Latin America, Africa. Agriculture innovation is accepted fastest where agriculture is already profitable and progressive. Some mechanization has reach
