1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 151 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Running for the office of the President of the United States is exceptionally ard
2、uous and should not be undertaken by the【C1】_hearted. The candidates must first compete in the local primary elections. During the primary campaign, the candidate endeavors to【C2】_the votes of his or her constituents. Any new candidates are the opponents【C3】_the incumbent, the President currently in
3、 office who is running for re-election. The candidates refrain from actions that might create animosity【C4】_them and the public. Rather, they attempt to appease their constituency by using promotional gimmicks and ambiguous equivocation, as well as【C5】_decorous protocol. The public is indeed curious
4、 about, if not【C6】_of, the candidates professional life, in addition to his or her personal life, which will be under【C7】_scrutiny during the campaign. Since his or her private life becomes public domain, the candidate may【C8】_to disclose any controversial behavior in his or her past before the pres
5、s digs it up. 【C9】_history has shown us, even a prominent politician can be revealed as a phony. A politician exhibiting scandalous behavior might even be subjected【C10】_censure from his political colleagues. The voters must also【C11】_the political platform of the candidate. The platform includes th
6、e core issues【C12】_the candidate promises to resolve during his or her term in office. Typical campaign promises include establishing【C13】_to reduce bureaucratic red tape. The candidate【C14】_the primary election will be nominated by his or her particular political party to run【C15】_the final electio
7、n. After toppling the competition, the endorsed candidate is expected to【C16】_a nomination address at the National Convention. The audience is usually rapt and responds【C17】_a standing ovation. The final election【C18】_takes place. The winner will be【C19】_in as the President of the United States duri
8、ng the formal inauguration ceremony. This occurs in ornate surroundings, replete【C20】_red carpets and the official U. S. seal.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.faintB.meekC.mildD.weak(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.extractB.gainC.existD.drop(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.withB.byC.forD.of(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.byB.besideC.betweenD.t
9、o(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.observanceB.observingC.appealD.appellation(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.adventurousB.dangerousC.querulousD.suspicious(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.nearB.careC.closeD.front(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.to fitB.see fitC.look fitD.be fit(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.ContraryB.DespiteC.AsD.Where(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.byB.underC.
10、toD.with(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.considerB.differC.includeD.solve(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.nowB.whichC.whoD.whose(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.antecedentsB.ancestorsC.precedentsD.predators(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.winningB.championingC.victoriousD.triumphant(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.toB.forC.aroundD.under(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.b
11、eginB.giveC.mentionD.relate(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.forB.toC.withD.at(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.howeverB.willC.mayD.then(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.broughtB.takenC.swornD.turned(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.toB.forC.atD.with二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the
12、 following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._It amazes me when people proclaim that they are bored. Actually, it amazes me that I am ever bored, or that any of us are. With so much to occupy us these days, boredom should be a relic of a bygone agean age devoi
13、d of the internet, social media, multi-channel TV, 24-hour shopping, multiplex cinemas, game consoles, texting and whatever other myriad possibilities are available these days to entertain us. Yet despite the plethora of high-iniensity entertainment constantly at our disposal, we are still bored. Up
14、 to half of us are “often bored“ at home or at school, while more than two-thirds of us are chronically bored at work. We are bored by paperwork, by the commute and by dull meetings. TV is boring, as is Facebook and other social media. There are a number of explanations for our ennui. This, in fact,
15、 is part of the problemwe are overstimulated. The more entertained we are the more entertainment we need in order to feel satisfied. The more we fill our world with fast-moving, high-intensity, ever-changing stimulation, the more we get used to that and the less tolerant we become of lower levels. O
16、ur attention spans are now thought to be less than that of a goldfish ( eight seconds). We are hard-wired to seek novelty, which produces a hit of dopamine, that feel-good chemical, in our brains. As soon as a new stimulus is noticed, however, it is no longer new, and after a while it bores us. To g
17、et that same pleasurable dopamine hit we seek fresh sources of distraction. Our increasing reliance on screentime is also to blame. We seem to live in a varied and exciting world with a wealth of entertainment at our fingertips, and many of these amusements are obtained in remarkably similar waysvia
18、 our fingers. On average we spend six to seven hours in front of our phone, tablet, computer and TV screens every day. The irony is that while our mobile devices should allow us to fill every moment, our means of obtaining that entertainment has become so repetitive and routine that its a source of
19、boredom in itself. Research suggests that chronic boredom is responsible for a profusion of negative outcomes such as overeating, gambling, truancy, antisocial behaviour, drug use, accidents, risk taking and much more. We need less, not more, stimulation and novelty. It seems paradoxical, but feelin
20、g bored in the short term will make us less bored in the long term.（分数：10.00）(1).To the authors surprise, many people today feel bored mainly because_.（分数：2.00）A.work, school and life tend to be boringB.ennui has become a thing of the pastC.more entertainment means less excitementD.means of seeking
21、pleasurable sensations are limited(2).The word “ plethora“ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.surplusB.deficiencyC.boredomD.excitement(3).Overstimulation has led to the feeling that_.（分数：2.00）A.we will need more entertainment to feel satisfiedB.we will fill our world with fast-movin
22、g stimulationC.we will figure out why we always feel boredD.we will eventually get used to low levels of entertainment(4).By citing the example of goldfish, the author intends to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.we have a natural ability to try out new thingsB.we can produce little dopamine, even less than a g
23、oldfishC.we feel bored easily, just as a goldfish doesD.we cannot concentrate on one thing for long(5).Which of the following statements is correct according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.We will remain bored if we constantly think about keeping ourselves entertained.B.We will never find out how to stay aw
24、ay from feeling bored in the long term.C.We will be happy and energetic if overeating, gambling, truancy, etc. disappear all together.D.We will feel less bored if we stop using cellphones and computers for social networking.Humans are startlingly bad at detecting fraud. Even when were on the lookout
25、 for signs of deception, studies show, our accuracy is hardly better than chance. Technology has opened the door to new and more pervasive forms of fraud: Americans lose an estimated $ 50 billion a year to con artists a-round the world, according to the Financial Fraud Research Center at Stanford Un
26、iversity. But because computers arent subject to the foibles of emotion and what we like to call “intuition,“ they can also help protect us. Heres how leading fraud researchers, neuroscientists, psychiatrists, and computer scientists think technology can be put to work to fight fraud however it occu
27、rsin person, online, or over the phone. Spam filters are supposed to block e-mail scams from ever reaching us, but criminals have learned to circumvent them by personalizing their notes with information gleaned from the Internet and by grooming victims over time. In response, a company called ZapFra
28、ud is turning to natural-language analytics; Instead of flagging key words, it looks for narrative patterns symptomatic of fraud. For instance, a message could contain a statement of surprise, the mention of a sum of money, and a call to action. “Those are the hallmark expressions of one particular
29、fraud e-mail,“ Markus Jakobsson, the companys founder, told me. “Theres a tremendous number ofspame-mails, but a small number of story lines. “ A similar approach could help combat fraud by flagging false statements on social media. Kalina Bontcheva, a computer scientist who researches natural-langu
30、age processing at the University of Sheffield, in England, is leading a project that examines streams of social data to identify rumors and esti mate their veracity by analyzing the semantics, cross-referencing information with trusted sources, identifying the point of origin and pattern of dissemin
31、ation, and the like. Bontcheva is part of a research collaboration which plans to flag misleading tweets and posts and classify them by severity: speculation, controversy, misinformation, or disinformation.（分数：10.00）(1).What does Paragraph 1 say about fraud?（分数：2.00）A.It is very hard to crack down o
32、n.B.It is very easy to cast doubt on.C.It is becoming more annoying.D.It is apparently on the decline.(2).As far as fraud is concerned, technology_.（分数：2.00）A.has sharply reduced the number of its casesB.has turned the spotlight on its seriousnessC.can be a major obstacle for its investigatorsD.can
33、be described as a double-edged sword(3).Para. 2 suggests that spam filters will function properly if_.（分数：2.00）A.scam messages are precisely targeted at their receiversB.fundamental security breaches are not remediedC.an exhaustive list of victims is provided to hackersD.netizens privacy is safeguar
34、ded against fraudsters(4).By saying “a tremendous number ofspame-mails, but a small number of story lines“ , Mr. Jakobsson probably means that_.（分数：2.00）A.tricks are huge in quantity and refined in theoriesB.tricks are huge in quantity and restricted by regulationsC.criminals typically conceive coun
35、tless projects with old ideasD.criminals keep coming up with novel ideas to deceive people(5).Natural-language analytics can do the followings except_.（分数：2.00）A.testifyingB.highlightingC.categorizingD.comparingIt has become a recurring theme, and worryingly so. Since October 2015, our planet has ex
36、perienced ten consecutive months of human-influenced, record-breaking temperature increases. The previous October, November, December, January, February, March, April, May and June months were all documented as the warmest Octobers, the warmest Januarys, the warmest Aprils; global heat highs are the
37、 hot new trend and the data suggests they are here to stay. According to NASA, July 2016 is not only the warmest July in history, but the warmest month in recorded history. NASA has tallied temperature changes from 1880 to the present day, with its data showing no signs of a slow-up in rising temper
38、atures. Climate scientists have been perplexed in their attempts to understand the factors pushing the mercury so far up the thermometer this year. El Ninothe phenomenon explaining the unusual warming of surface waters in the east-central zone of the Pacific Oceanhas been tied to increased ocean wat
39、er temperatures and changes in weather patterns. Important as it is to factor El Nino into the climate change framework, it is highly unlikely that it has contributed significantly to the hurried, upward trend witnessed these past ten months. If anything, focus on the subsiding effects of El Nino ri
40、sks detracting attention from the pressure asserted on the climate by human activity. Greenhouse gases continue to bloat the atmosphere, trapping heat as atmospheric escape routes are obscured. Further exacerbating the climate change panic seems to be an unusually high temperature currently being ex
41、perienced in the Arctic region. Arctic sea ice is the most vulnerable to climate change, and is now at a new low with ice cover down to 14. 54m sq km. With no clear solution in sight, the ice is destined to continue melting, with longer melting seasons becoming a normal occurrence. The U. S. Nationa
42、l Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration have noted a similar trend for the past 14 months, and are expected to release a similar figure for July. Though the rise is expected to taper off towards the end of the year, a scientist drew attention to how there is a “99 percent chance of a new annu
43、al record in 2016“. As we confront the reality that many of these changes are as a direct consequence of human intervention, it is very possible that without the appropriate response, we could be contending with broken records for years to come.（分数：10.00）(1).What has become a major concern recently?
44、（分数：2.00）A.The fact that temperatures witnessed marked changes for 10 months in a row.B.The fact that each month gave way to the previous one in reaching heat highs.C.The fact that new records in temperature fluctuations were set continuously.D.The fact that human efforts failed to prevent temperatu
45、res from going up.(2).Climate scientists_.（分数：2.00）A.have made out why earth temperatures are risingB.have been unsuccessful in tracing weather patternsC.have had trouble identifying the causes of El NinoD.have associated El Nino with the recent hot weather(3).According to the passage, El Nino has h
46、ad an impact on_.（分数：2.00）A.the rising temperatures in the past ten monthsB.diverting our attention away from human activityC.dramatically increasing our environmental awarenessD.reminding people to factor it into climate change(4).What can be inferred about Arctic sea ice?（分数：2.00）A.Scientists use
47、it to curb the global warming trend.B.Scientists express their deep unease about its melting.C.It is the crucial factor in understanding climate change.D.It is a benchmark for monitoring global temperatures.(5).The phrase “taper off“ in the last paragraph most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.plungeB.dwin
48、dleC.descendD.decelerateUsing tools doesnt make humans, dolphins, and crows smart. Rather, its the stress and challenge of living with othersrecognizing friend from foe, calculating who to deceive and who to befriendthat led these and other social creatures to evolve their cognitive skills. Thats the gist of the social intelligence hypothesis, an idea thats been around since 1966. But does having to remember whose lice need picking actually improve
