1、考研英语（翻译）-试卷 2及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_The author of some forty novels, a number of plays, volum
2、es of verse, historical, critical and autobiographical works, an editor and translator, Jack Lindsay is clearly an extraordinarily prolific writer a fact which can easily obscure his very real distinction in some of the areas into which he has ventured.【F1】 His co-editorship of Vision in Sydney in t
3、he early 1920s, for example, is still felt to have introduced a significant period in Australian culture, while his study of Kickens written in 1930 is highly regarded. But of all his work it is probably the novel to which he has made his most significant contribution. Since 1916 when, to use his ow
4、n words in Fanfrolico and after, he “reached bedrock,“ Lindsay has maintained a consistent Marxist viewpoint【F2】 and it is this viewpoint which if nothing else has guaranteed his novels a minor but certainly not negligible place in modern British literature. Feeling that “the historical novel is a f
5、orm that has a limitless future as a fighting weapon and as a cultural instrument“, Lindsay first attempted to formulate his Marxist convictions in fiction mainly set in the past; particularly in his trilogy in English novels1929, Lost Birthright, and Men of Forty-Eight(written in 1919, the Chartist
6、 and revolutionary uprisings in Europe).【F3】 Basically these works set out, with most success in the first volume, to vivify the historical traditions behind English Socialism and attempted to demonstrate that it stood, in Lindsay“s words, for the “true completion of the national destiny“. 【F4】 Afte
7、r the war Lindsay continued to write mainly about the presenttrying with varying degrees of success to come to terms with the unradical political realities of post-war England. 【F5】 In the series of novels known collectively as “The British War“, and beginning with Betrayed Spring in 1933, it seemed
8、 at first as if his solution was simply to resort to more and more obvious authorial manipulation and heavy-handed didacticism. Fortunately, however, from Revolt of the Sons, this process was reversed, as Lindsay began to show an increasing tendency to ignore party solutions, to fail indeed to give
9、anything but the most elementary political consciousness to his characters, so that in his latest(and what appears to be his last)contemporary novel, Choice of Times, his hero, Colin, ends on a note of desperation: “Everything must be different, I can“t live this way any longer. But how can I change
10、 it, how? “ To his credit as an artist, Lindsay doesn“t give him any explicit answer.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_Islamic law is a particularly instructive example of “sacred law“. Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from al
11、l other forms of law notwithstanding, of course, a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactments are concerned that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenom
12、ena.【F1】 Even the two other representatives of sacred law that are historically and geographically nearest to it, Jewish law and Roman Catholic canon law, are perceptibly different. Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform than Islamic law. Though historically there is a discernible break betw
13、een Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora(the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel), the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Dia
14、spora. Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it; Islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre Islamic Ara
15、bia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories.【F2】 All this was unified by being subjected to the same kind of religious scrutiny, the impact of which varied greatly, being almost nonexistent in some fields, and in others originating novel institut
16、ions. 【F3】 This central duality of legal subject matter and religious norm is additional to the variety of legal ethical and ritual rules that is typical of sacred law. In its relation to the secular state, Islamic law differed from both Jewish and canon law.【F4】 Jewish law was buttressed by the coh
17、esion of the community, reinforced by pressure from outside: its rules are the direct expression of this feeling of cohesion, tending toward the accommodation of dissent. Canon and Islamic law, on the contrary, were dominated by the dualism of religion and state, where the state was not, in contrast
18、 with Judaism, an alien power but the political expression of the same religion. But the conflict between state and religion took different forms; in Christianity it appeared as the struggle for political power on the part of a tightly organized ecclesiastical hierarchy, and canon law was one of its
19、 political weapons. Islamic law, on the other hand, was never supported by any organized institution; consequently there never developed an overt trial of strength.【F5】 There merely existed discordance between application of the sacred law and many of the regulations framed by Islamic states; this a
20、ntagonism varied according to place and time.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_【F1】 Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift, nor do they aspire to
21、 such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of
22、 formal English. Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education.【F2】 Mr. McWhorter“s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom“, for example, to be natural and no more regret
23、table than the loss of the case-endings of Old English. 【F3】 But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,“ has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, e
24、ven the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft
25、. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care.【F4】 As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language,
26、 including nonstandard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressivethere exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. 【F5】 Russians have a deep love for their o
27、wn language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reformshe is
28、really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.“ A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_There have been rumo
29、rs. There“s been gossip. All Hollywood is shocked to learn that Calista Flockhart, star of Fox“s hit TV show Ally McBeal, is so thin. And we in the media are falling all over ourselves trying to figure out whether Flockhart has an eating disorder, especially now that she has denied it. Well, I“m not
30、 playing the game.【F1】 If the entertainment industry really cared about sending the wrong message on body image, it wouldn“t need so many slender celebrities in the first place. But the fact remains that 2 million Americans-most of them women and girls-do suffer from eating disorders.【F2】 In the mos
31、t extreme cases they literally starve themselves to death, and those who survive are at greater risk of developing brittle bones, life-threatening infections, kidney damage and heart problems. Fortunately, doctors have learned a lot over the past decade about what causes eating disorders and how to
32、treat them. The numbers are shocking.【F3】 Approximately 1 in 150 teenage girls in the U. S. falls victim to anorexia nervosa, broadly defined as the refusal to eat enough to maintain even a minimal body weight. 【F4】 Not so clear is how many more suffer from bulimia, in which they binge on food, eati
33、ng perhaps two or three days“ worth of meals in 30 minutes, then remove the excess by taking medicine to move the bowels or inducing vomiting. Nor does age necessarily protect you. Anorexia has been diagnosed in girls as young as eight. Most deaths from the condition occur in women over 45. Doctors
34、used to think eating disorders were purely psychological. Now they realize there“s some problematic biology as well.【F5】 In a study published in the Archives of General Psychiatry recently, researchers found abnormal levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain, in women who had been free of
35、 bulimia for at least a year. That may help explain why drugs have allowed a lot of people to stop swallowing in large doses of food. Unfortunately, the pills don“t work as well for denial of food. Nor do they offer a simple one-stop cure. Health-care workers must re-educate their patients in how to
36、 eat and think about food. How can you tell if someone you love has an eating disorder? “Bulimics will often leave evidence around as if they want to get caught.“ says Tamara Pryor, director of an eating-disorders clinic at the University of Kansas in Wichita. Anorexics, by contrast, are more likely
37、 to go through long periods of denial.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）-试卷 2答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following
38、 text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_解析：The author of some forty novels, a number of plays, volumes of verse, historical, critical and autobiographical works, an editor and translator, Jack Lindsay is clearly an extraordinarily prolific writer a fact whi
39、ch can easily obscure his very real distinction in some of the areas into which he has ventured.【F1】 His co-editorship of Vision in Sydney in the early 1920s, for example, is still felt to have introduced a significant period in Australian culture, while his study of Kickens written in 1930 is highl
40、y regarded. But of all his work it is probably the novel to which he has made his most significant contribution. Since 1916 when, to use his own words in Fanfrolico and after, he “reached bedrock,“ Lindsay has maintained a consistent Marxist viewpoint【F2】 and it is this viewpoint which if nothing el
41、se has guaranteed his novels a minor but certainly not negligible place in modern British literature. Feeling that “the historical novel is a form that has a limitless future as a fighting weapon and as a cultural instrument“, Lindsay first attempted to formulate his Marxist convictions in fiction m
42、ainly set in the past; particularly in his trilogy in English novels1929, Lost Birthright, and Men of Forty-Eight(written in 1919, the Chartist and revolutionary uprisings in Europe).【F3】 Basically these works set out, with most success in the first volume, to vivify the historical traditions behind English Socialism and attempted to demonstrate that it stood, in Lindsay“s words, for the “true completion of the national destiny“. 【F4】 After the war Lindsay continued to write mainly about the presenttrying with varying degrees of success to come to
