1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 17及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：7，分数：70.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Latino youths need better education for Arizona to ta
2、ke full advantage of the possibilities their exploding population offers. Arizona“s fast-growing Latino population offers the state tremendous promise and a challenge. Even more than the aging of the baby boomers, the Latino boom is fundamentally reorienting the state“s economic and social structure
3、. Immigration and natural increase have added 600,000 young Latino residents to the state“s population in the past decade. Half of the population younger than 18 in both Phoenix and Tucson is now Latino. Within 20 years, Latinos will make up half of the homegrown entry-level labor pool in the state“
4、s two largest labor markets. What is more, Hispanics are becoming key economic players. Most people don“t notice it, but Latinos bom in Arizona make up much of their immigrant parents“ economic and educational deficits. For example, second-generation Mexican-Americans secure an average of 12 grades
5、of schooling where their parents obtained less than nine. That means they erase 70 percent of their parents“ lag behind third-generation non-Hispanic Whites in a single generation. All of this hands the state a golden opportunity. At a time when many states will struggle with labor shortages because
6、 of modest population growth, Arizona has a priceless chance to build a populous, hardworking and skilled workforce on which to base future prosperity. The problem is that Arizona and its Latino residents may not be able to seize this opportunity. Far too many of Arizona“s Latinos drop out of high s
7、chool or fail to obtain the basic education needed for more advanced study. As a result, educational deficits are holding back many Latinosand the state as well. To be sure, construction and low-end service jobs continue to absorb tens of thousands of Latino immigrants with little formal education.
8、But over the long term, most of Arizona“s Latino citizens remain ill-prepared to prosper in an increasingly demanding knowledge economy. For the reason, the educational uplift of Arizona“s huge Latino population must move to the center of the state“s agenda. After all, the education deficits of Ariz
9、ona“s Latino population will severely cramp the fortunes of hardworking people if they go unaddressed and could well undercut the state“s ability to compete in the new economy. At the entry level, slower growth rates may create more competition for low-skill jobs, displacing Latinos from a significa
10、nt means of support. At the higher end, shortages of Latinos educationally ready to move up will make it that much harder for knowledge-based companies to staff high-skill positions.（分数：10.00）(1).The Latino population is changing Arizona“s _.（分数：2.00）A.aging problemB.educational systemC.economic str
11、uctureD.financial deficits(2).What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.The Latino population in Arizona is made up of Hispanics and Mexican-Americans.B.The first-generation Latinos are immigrants instead of being born in America.C.70 percent of the first-generation Latinos had less schooling
12、 than nine years.D.The educational system used to be in favor of the non-Hispanic Whites.(3).“educational deficits“ (Para. 4) most probably means that _.（分数：2.00）A.the state did not put much money into educationB.many Latinos are too poor to obtain educationC.education is not a profitable enterprise
13、D.many Latinos are not well-educated(4).According to the author, Arizona should give highest priority to _.（分数：2.00）A.controlling the Latino populationB.enhancing the educational level of the Latino populationC.improving the knowledge-based economyD.building the Latino population into hardworking an
14、d skilled workforce(5).It is implied that, in the long run, most Latinos in Arizona will _.（分数：2.00）A.be joblessB.be badly-paidC.do low-skill jobsD.do high-skill jobsThe destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme diffic
15、ulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial andlong delaysnot only in accepting responsi
16、bility, but more importantly, in doing something about it. It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industry“s and our recognition that protecting mankind“s great treasure is the single most importan
17、t responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as
18、professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforc
19、e environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective
20、to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must i
21、nvestigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it ba
22、ck. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because _.（分数：2.00）A.they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing
23、B.they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interestsC.time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on itD.it is difficult for them to take effective measures(2).The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is_.（分数：2.00）A.to prevent pollution by le
24、gislation, economic incentives and persuasionB.to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protectionC.to take radical measures to control environmental pollutionD.to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards(3).The word “tunnel-visioned“ (Para. 4) most proba
25、bly means “_“.（分数：2.00）A.narrow-mindedB.blind to the factsC.short-sightedD.able to see only one aspect(4).Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?（分数：2.00）A.Legislation and government intervention.B.The industry“s unders
26、tanding and support.C.The efforts of environmental health professionals.D.The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.(5).Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial
27、 measures.B.More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.C.Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.D.Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from rea
28、ders and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the OECD.In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable. The whirlwind that swept through
29、newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely pruned. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But complet
30、eness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business. Just look at the fate of Otis Chandler“s creation. Thanks to family connections, Chandler ended up in control of the Los Angeles Times in 1960. The paper he inherited was parochial and conservative, reflecting the city it served. Chandler abando
31、ned the anti-union dogma and set about building a west-coast rival to the New York Times. His paper was heavy on foreign news and serious, objective reporting. The result was hugely impressivebut not, as it turned out, suited to the internet era. In the past few years the paper has suffered repeated
32、 staff cuts. In 2007 it was acquired by a property magnate and in 2008 filed for bankruptcy protection. The problem with such newspapers is that, although they do much that is excellent, they do little that is distinctive enough for people to pay for it. The Los Angeles Times“ foreign reporting is e
33、xtremely good. But it is hard to argue that it is better than the stuff supplied by the New York Times or foreign papers. Similarly, it has never been clear why each major newspaper needs its own car reviewer: a Corolla is a Corolla, whether it is driven in Albuquerque or Atlanta, Papers should conc
34、entrate on what they do best, which means, in many cases, local news and sport. If the rest is bought in from wire services or national organizations, readers are unlikely to complainas long as there is enough competition between those larger providers to keep up standards. Specialization generally
35、means higher quality. It is grim to forecast still more writers losing their jobs. But whether newspapers are thrown onto doorsteps or distributed digitally, they need to deliver something that is distinctive. New technologies like Apple“s iPad only make this more true. The mere acquisition of a smo
36、oth block of metal and glass does not magically persuade people that they should start paying for news. They will pay for news if they think it has value. Newspapers need to focus relentlessly on that.（分数：10.00）(1).From Paragraph 1 we learn that American newspapers _.（分数：2.00）A.are balanced business
37、es nowB.are more stable than Japanese onesC.get most revenues from readersD.have been heavily relying on ads(2).Newspapers in America are becoming less complete in that _.（分数：2.00）A.newspaper industry is in depressionB.newsrooms have suffered a whirlwindC.many columns and foreign agencies are cutD.O
38、tis Chandler“s creation has failed(3).The Los Angeles Times managed by Chandler_.（分数：2.00）A.is narrow and conservativeB.now is a rival to the New York TimesC.once was very successfulD.is serious and subjective(4).According to the author, the Los Angeles Times“ failure is due to its _.（分数：2.00）A.focu
39、s on foreign reportB.lack of unique featuresC.ignorance of wire serviceD.ignorance of complaints(5).The author would most likely agree that_.（分数：2.00）A.newspaper industry will disappear soonB.newspapers should strive to attract peopleC.no more writers would lose their jobs in futureD.technology help
40、s newspaper attract more readersPublic health officials grappling with the obesity epidemic have debated a wide range of approaches to helping slim the American waistline. To some degree, everything from building more sidewalks to banning chocolate milk has been explored. Yet few tactics have been a
41、s polarizing as the possibility of introducing tariffs on treats. Despite endorsement from several respected obesity re-searchers and politicians, soda taxes, for example, have been subject to severe scrutiny, as critics protested that implementing a tax before verifying that it would achieve the en
42、d result was shortsighted and potentially overreaching. So, in attempt to determine just how sin taxes might impact people“s food choices, psychologists from the University of Buffalo decided to put junk food levies to the testin the lab. Researchers recruited shoppers to examine the aisles of a moc
43、k supermarket filled with 68 common foods labeled with nutritional information. Participants were given a predetermined amount of cash, and were told to use that money to purchase a week“s worth of groceries for a family. The first time, all of the products on the shelves were priced in keeping with
44、 local supermarkets. In subsequent trips, however, junk food was taxedan additional 12.5%, then 25%or healthier foods were subsidized to reduce cost. The study, published in the journal Psychological Science, revealed that taxes were more effective at getting people to avoid certain products than su
45、bsidies were at prompting healthier food purchases. In scenarios where junk foods were taxed, study participants generally came away with a lower caloric total for their groceries, and a higher ratio of protein to fats and carbohydrates. Yet, in situations where healthy foods were subsidized, the sa
46、vings were often spent on additional junk food. That is, instead of stocking up on more fruits and vegetables because they were cheaper, the study“s shoppers bought their vegetables, and then used the leftover cash to bring home extra treats like chips and soda. In the end, the subsidiesonly scenari
47、os resulted in higher total calorie counts, and didn“t result in overall nutritional improvement on the week“s groceries. Because the scenario is hypothetical, the findings certainly shouldn“t be taken as the final word in the sin tax debate, the researchers stress, but should instead be used to inf
48、orm the ongoing discussion about practical ways to battle obesity. To that end, they say, the next step should be research to determine whether these results would be replicated in the real world.（分数：10.00）(1).It is suggested in the first paragraph that obesity has _.（分数：2.00）A.aroused extensive con
49、cernB.affected infrastructure nationwideC.been analyzed from political aspectD.led to many polarizing opinions(2).Psychologists from the University of Buffalo decided to experiment on junk food tax in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.test whether it would interfere with food optionB.find the best way to curb the obesity epidemicC.determine how polarizing the solution
