1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 423 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._This history of responses to the work of the artist Sandro Botticelli(
2、1444 -1510) suggests that widespread appreciation by critics is a relatively recent phenomenon. Writing in 1550, Vasari expressed an unease with Botticellis work, admitting that the artist fitted awkwardly into his evolutionary scheme of the history of art. Over the next two centuries, academic art
3、historians defamed Botticelli in favor of his fellow Florentine, Michelangelo. Even when anti-academic art historians of the early nineteenth century rejected many of the standards of evaluation adopted by their predecessors, Botticellis work remained outside of accepted taste, pleasing neither amat
4、eur observers nor connoisseurs. (Many of his best paintings, however, remained hidden away in obscure churches and private homes. ) The primary reason for Botticellis unpopularity is not difficult to understand; most observers, up until the mid-nineteenth century, did not consider him to be notewort
5、hy, because his work, for the most part, did not seem to these observers to exhibit the traditional characteristics of fifteenth-century Florentineart. For example, Botticelli rarely employed the technique of strict perspective and, unlike Michelangelo, never used chiaroscuro. Another reason for Bot
6、ticellis unpopularity may have been that his attitude toward the style of classical art was very different from that of his contemporaries. Although he was thoroughly exposed to classical art, he showed little interest in borrowing from the classical style. Indeed, it is paradoxical that a painter o
7、f large-scale classical subjects adopted a style that was only slightly similar to that of classical art. In any case, when viewers began to examine more closely the relationship of Botticellis work to the tradition of fifteenth-century Florentine art, his reputation began to grow. Analyses and asse
8、ssments of Botticelli made between 1850 and 1870 by the artists of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, as well as by the writer Pater (although he, unfortunately, based his assessment on an incorrect analysis of Botticellis personality), inspired a new appreciation of Botticelli throughout the English-spea
9、king world. Yet Botticellis work, especially the Sistine frescoes, did not generate worldwide attention until it was finally subjected to a comprehensive and scrupulous analysis by Home in 1908. Home rightly demonstrated that the frescoes shared important features with paintings by other fifteenth-c
10、entury Florentinesfeatures such as skillful representation of anatomical proportions, and of the human figure in motion. However, Home argued that Botticelli did not treat these qualities as ends in themselvesrather, that he emphasized clear depletion of a story, a unique achievement and one that ma
11、de the traditional Florentine qualities less central. Because of Homes emphasis crucial to any study of art, the twentieth century has come to appreciate Botticellis achievements.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Botticellis Contribution
12、 to Florentine Art.B.Botticelli and the Traditions of Classical Art.C.Sandro Botticelli; From Defame to Appreciation.D.Botticelli and Michelangelo: A Study in Contrasts.(2).The author mentions the fact that many of Botticellis best painting were “ hidden away in obscure churches and private homes“ (
13、Para. 1) in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.indicate the difficulty of trying to determine what an artists best work isB.persuade the reader that an artists work should be available for general public viewingC.prove that academic art historians had succeeded in keeping Botticellis work from general public view
14、D.suggest a reason why, for a period of time, Botticellis work was not generally appreciated(3).The text suggests that Vasari would most probably have been more enthusiastic about Botticellis work if it_.（分数：2.00）A.had not revealed Botticellis inability to depict story clearlyB.had not seemed to Vas
15、ari to be so similar to classical artC.could have been appreciated by amateur viewers as well as by connoisseursD.could have been included more easily in Vasaris discussion of art history(4).According to the text, which of the following is an accurate statement about Botticellis relation to classica
16、l art?（分数：2.00）A.Botticelli more often made use of classical subjects matter than classical style.B.Botticellis interest in perspective led him to study classical art.C.Botticellis style does not share any similarities with classical art.D.Because he saw little classical art, Botticelli did not exhi
17、bit much interest in imitating it.(5).It can be inferred that the author of the text would be likely to find most beneficial a study of an artist that_.（分数：2.00）A.avoided placing the artist in an evolutionary scheme of the history of artB.analyzed the artists work in relation to the artists personal
18、ityC.analyzed the artists relationship to the style and subject matter of classical artD.analyzed the artists work in terms of both traditional characteristics and unique achievementsAs one of Haitis most famous musicians drives down the two-lane Delmas roadway in Port-au-Prince, scattered calls in
19、the street grow into a trembling chant in Haitian Creole (the language of Haiti) :“Pwezidan, Pwezidan“President, President. “ But the young men shouting the words are not calling to Wyclef Jean, who just announced he was running for President of Haiti. They were greeting Michel “Sweet Micky“ Martell
20、y, the bad boy of the Haitian musical genre kompa who just happens to want to be the countrys President too. Better known for the eyebrow-raising lyrics and his ability to rouse even the most conservative of Haitian elites to dance on top of tables, Martelly, 49, dressed in a suit on Thursday to sub
21、mit his paperwork to run for President on the ticket of his party Repons Peyizan, or Countrymens Response. He acknowledges that comparisons will be made between himself and Jean. But Martelly says despite being opponents for the presidency, he and Jean are friends. Martelly appeared on Jeans first s
22、olo album The Carnival in 1997. But Martelly jokes,“Hes global and Im local. “ And he says what sets him apart from the rest of the presidential fieldhis friend includedis the Haitian peoples true affinity for him. “You need to be loved by the people, cherished by them, trusted by them,“ Martelly sa
23、ys, shifting fluidly from Creole to English to French. “Im not running to be President. Im running to be the citizen who changes things. I want to be the inspirateur“the inspirer. Martelly never falls short of inspiring attention. On the road to submit his paperwork, his car passes a mob of Jean sup
24、porters. But after honking his blaring car horn, the crowd quickly recognizes Martelly and changes directions. The group starts pouncing on Martellys car chanting, “We will die with you,“ perhaps a sign of Haitis fickle voter. Half the population of about 9 million is under 25. “I will follow whoeve
25、r has the most support,“ says Ricardo Priville, 29, dressed in a Jean T-shirt but reaching for Martelly as the star exits his car. Martelly is also being supported by Jeans former Fugees band member Pras Michel. Michel admits Martelly is the underdog financially in the race to the National Palace, b
26、ut he argues that Martelly connects to the Haitian people like no one else. Martelly has yet to release a comprehensive recovery plan, but he says it will promote foreign investments and tourism to help bolster the economy in the poorest country of the western hemisphere. Right now, the Nov. 28 elec
27、tion might seem more like Haitian Idol than a presidential race, but Martelly insists hes putting his bad-boy persona to rest and focusing on serious issues. “This is serious business,“ says Martelly. “The carnival is over.“（分数：10.00）(1).The scattered calls in the street showed that_.（分数：2.00）A.peop
28、le are greeting Wyclef Jeans win of electionB.Michel Martelly is popular among the HaitiansC.the Haitians are dissatisfied with their new PresidentD.musicians of local music are very popular in Haiti(2).What made Martelly special in the presidential field?（分数：2.00）A.His paperwork to run for Presiden
29、t.B.His appearance on Jeans first album.C.The true love from the Haitian people.D.The comparison between him and Jean.(3).What can we learn about Ricardo Priville?（分数：2.00）A.He is a resister of Martelly.B.He is a supporter of Jean.C.He is the driver of Martelly.D.He is changeable in standpoint.(4).I
30、t can be inferred from the text that Martellys recovery plan_.（分数：2.00）A.will rely on the western countriesB.is unfavorable to his Nov. 28 electionC.will utilize the overseas resourcesD.made him a bad-boy image in Haiti(5).Whats the main idea of this text?（分数：2.00）A.The gathering of Haitis famous mu
31、sicians.B.Haitis comprehensive recovery plan.C.The friendship between Martelly and Jean.D.Martelly and Haitis presidential election.Thomas Hardys impulses as a writer, all of which he indulged in his novels, were numerous and divergent, and they did not always work together in harmony. Hardy was to
32、some degree interested in exploring his characters psychologies, though impelled less by curiosity than by sympathy. Occasionally he felt the impulse to comedy (in all its detached coldness) as well as the impulse to farce, but he was more often inclined to see tragedy and record it. He was also inc
33、lined to literary realism in the several senses of that phrase. He wanted to describe ordinary human beings; he wanted to speculate on their dilemmas rationally (and, unfortunately, even schematically); and he wanted to record precisely the material universe. Finally, he wanted to be more than a rea
34、list. He wanted to transcend what he considered to be the banality of solely recording things exactly and to express as well his awareness of the occult and the strange. In his novels these various impulses were sacrificed to each other inevitably and often. Inevitably, because Hardy did not care in
35、 the way that novelists such as Flaubert or James cared, and therefore took paths of least resistance. Thus, one impulse often surrendered to a fresher one and unfortunately, instead of exacting a compromise, simply disappeared. A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give way ab
36、ruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower.In this instance, the new impulse was at least an energetic one, and thus its indulgence did not result in a relaxed style. But on other occasions Ha
37、rdy abandoned a perilous, risky, and highly energizing impulse in favor of what was for him the fatally relaxing impulse to classify and schematize abstractly. When a relaxing impulse was indulged, the stylethat sure index of an authors literary worthwas certain to become verbose. Hardys weakness de
38、rived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. He submitted to first one and then another, and the spirit blew where it listed; hence the unevenness of any one of his no
39、vels. His most controlled novel, Under the Greenwood Tree, prominently exhibits two different but reconcilable impulsesa desire to be a realist-historian and a desire to be a psychologist of lovebut the slight interlocking of plot are not enough to bind the two completely together. Thus even this bo
40、ok splits into two distinct parts.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Under the Greenwood Tree: Hardys Ambiguous TriumphB.The Real and the Strange: The Novelists Shifting RealmsC.Energy Versus Repose: The Role of Ordinary People in Hardys FictionD.Hardys No
41、velistic Impulses: The Problem of Control(2).According to the text, which of the following is true about literary realism?（分数：2.00）A.Literary realism is most concerned with the exploration of the internal life of ordinary human beings.B.The term “literary realism“ is susceptible to more than a singl
42、e definition.C.Literary realism and an interest in psychology are likely to be at odds in a novelists work.D.Literary realism is the term most often used by critics in describing the method of Hardys novels.(3).The author of the text considers a writers style to be_.（分数：2.00）A.a reliable means by wh
43、ich to measure the writers literary meritB.most apparent in those parts of the writers work that are not realisticC.problematic when the writer attempts to follow perilous or risky impulsesD.shaped primarily by the writers desire to classify and schematize(4).Which of the following can best be the a
44、uthors attitude towards the works of Thomas Hardy?（分数：2.00）A.Totally positive.B.Objective and critical.C.Totally negative.D.Highly critical.(5).Which of the following about Under the Greenwood Tree does the author imply in relation to Hardys other novels?（分数：2.00）A.It is Hardys most thorough investi
45、gation of the psychology of love.B.Although it is his most controlled novel, it does not exhibit any harsh or risky impulses.C.It, more than his other novels, reveals Hardy as a realist interested in the history of ordinary human beings.D.In it Hardys novelistic impulses are managed somewhat better
46、than in his other novels.Its hard to believe that Dr. Judah Folkman, the pioneering cancer researcher who succumbed to a heart attack on Monday at the age of 74, couldnt ward off death. The man whose mind pulsed with questions, ideas and the arcane details of human biology had survived the most brut
47、al of battles long ago: scientific skepticism. When he first proposed his radical theory of angiogenesis in the 1970sthat cancer tumors grow by recruiting blood vessels for nourishmenthe was derided by fellow scientists. Folkman remembered hearing researchers “laughing in the corner“ or excusing the
48、mselves to go to the bathroom when he got up to speak at scientific meetings. Decades later, in May 1998, a hyperbolic James Watson told the New York Times, “Judah is going to cure cancer in two years. “ Not so. But angiogenesis spawned an entire field of research, led to more than 10 new cancer drugs now on the market (with dozens more in clinical trials), and inspired young researchers to investigate bold new avenues in cancer research. Moses Judah Folkman didnt seek the limelight. The son of a rabbi, he spent a lifetime trying to answer the prayers of his patients. He was a healer, a v
