1、同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-25 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.As a result, in many countries officials and even some scientists are calling for new or strengthened legislation to outlaw human cloning, although at this early date, no concrete measures have been proposed. Take the United Kingdom, which passed some o
2、f the most comprehensive legislation in this area in 1990, but has now found that changes may be needed. And Germany“s current law on human experimentation may also have a loophole that permits cloning, some legal experts say. The council says work will start soon on a specific protocol on the prote
3、ction of the embryo and the human fetus, which could include a ban on human cloning. （分数：20.00）_2.The M.P.A. program is designed for present and future leaders of the public and nonprofit sectors. The program emphasizes broad based public policy analysis and management knowledge, while students purs
4、ue one or more specialized policy fields. The core devotes considerable time to mastering the basic analytic and quantitative skills needed by good analysts and managers. The curriculum draws upon the wide range of academic disciplines throughout the University of Washington. The school offers a ser
5、ies of special management skills workshops each year in addition to its regular course offerings. Distinguished public sector practitioners typically teach these seminars. Recent workshops have covered such topics as writing; effective oral presentations; building teams; managing a diverse work forc
6、e; financial resources in the public sector; managing consultants; and planning public participation. （分数：20.00）_3.Unlike specific products or technologies that can be copied, core capabilities cannot be purchased on an open market. Moreover, intangible assets such as firm reputation tend to attach
7、themselves to capabilities, so that even when a competition matches the capability on an objective basis, the original firms image and reputation tends to enhance the durability of its advantage. Because core capabilities and intangible assets are acquired over an extended period in a unique social
8、context, they are difficult, costly, or even impossible to imitate. In a recent survey of chief executives, for example, most said it would take more than ten years to replace the firm“s reputation if it were suddenly lost. （分数：20.00）_4.Despite overwhelming scientific evidence that tobacco causes mo
9、re than 400,000 deaths each year, our nation“s children continue to have easy access to cigarettes and spit tobacco. After a long and thorough analysis, the US Government has come forward with a statement of principles and direction for a national tobacco control plan that represents a major step. T
10、he Government“s plan calls for stiff price increases on tobacco products to reduce teen smoking and tough penalties on the tobacco industry if this does not occur. But there are challenges ahead. While the tobacco lobby no longer has a choke hold on Congress, it still has considerable influence. （分数
11、：20.00）_5.The supposed “consensus“ on man-made global warming is facing an inconvenient challenge after the release of new temperature data showing the planet has not warmed for the past 15 years. The figures suggest that we could even be heading for a mini ice age to rival the 70-year temperature d
12、rop that saw frost fairs held on the Thames in the 17 th Century. Based on readings from more than 30,000 measuring stations, the data was issued last week by the Met Office and the University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit. It confirms that the rising trend in world temperatures ended in 199
13、7. （分数：20.00）_同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-25 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.As a result, in many countries officials and even some scientists are calling for new or strengthened legislation to outlaw human cloning, although at this early date, no concrete measures have been proposed. Take the United Kingdom, which
14、passed some of the most comprehensive legislation in this area in 1990, but has now found that changes may be needed. And Germany“s current law on human experimentation may also have a loophole that permits cloning, some legal experts say. The council says work will start soon on a specific protocol
15、 on the protection of the embryo and the human fetus, which could include a ban on human cloning. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：结果，在很多国家，政府官员甚至一些科学家都纷纷要求出台新立法或加强立法使克隆人非法化，虽然由于时间关系，尚未来得及提出任何具体的措施。以英国为例，该国虽早在 1990 年就已通过几项最全面的立法，但目前发现，这些法律仍有待修改。一些法律专家说，目前德国人体实验方面的法律可能存在准许克隆的漏洞。委员会称，很快将就有关胚胎和胎儿保护问题开始拟定一个具体协议，其中包
16、括禁止人类克隆。2.The M.P.A. program is designed for present and future leaders of the public and nonprofit sectors. The program emphasizes broad based public policy analysis and management knowledge, while students pursue one or more specialized policy fields. The core devotes considerable time to masterin
17、g the basic analytic and quantitative skills needed by good analysts and managers. The curriculum draws upon the wide range of academic disciplines throughout the University of Washington. The school offers a series of special management skills workshops each year in addition to its regular course o
18、fferings. Distinguished public sector practitioners typically teach these seminars. Recent workshops have covered such topics as writing; effective oral presentations; building teams; managing a diverse work force; financial resources in the public sector; managing consultants; and planning public p
19、articipation. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：公共管理项目是为公共部门和非营利部门当今以及未来的领导者量身定做的。该项目注重广泛的公共政策分析和管理知识的掌握，学生则专攻一个或多个专业政策领域。公共管理项目的核心是将大量时间用于掌握基础分析技术和定量技术，这是优秀分析员及经理所必须具备的。该课程利用华盛顿大学广泛的学科优势，除正常课程外，学校每年开设一系列特殊管理技术专题讨论会，由公共部门具有代表性的卓越实践者负责讲授。最近几期讨论会内容涵盖写作、口头报告、团队建设、多元化队伍的管理、公共部门财政资源、管理咨询及公共参与规划等。3.Unlike specific pro
20、ducts or technologies that can be copied, core capabilities cannot be purchased on an open market. Moreover, intangible assets such as firm reputation tend to attach themselves to capabilities, so that even when a competition matches the capability on an objective basis, the original firms image and
21、 reputation tends to enhance the durability of its advantage. Because core capabilities and intangible assets are acquired over an extended period in a unique social context, they are difficult, costly, or even impossible to imitate. In a recent survey of chief executives, for example, most said it
22、would take more than ten years to replace the firm“s reputation if it were suddenly lost. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：核心能力与某些可仿制的具体产品或技术迥然不同，它无法从市场公开购得。而且，公司名誉等无形资产往往依附于它的能力，因此，即便在客观基础上竞争与能力旗鼓相当，公司原先的形象和声誉往往能使公司的优势保持得更为持久。由于在独特的社会环境中需要经历一个较长的时期才能获得核心能力和无形资产，这些能力和无形资产就极难模仿，或代价昂贵，甚至无法模仿。例如，最近对首席执行官进行的一次调查发现，
23、大部分人认为，如果公司声誉突然遭到损毁，恢复声誉将要耗费十余年时间。4.Despite overwhelming scientific evidence that tobacco causes more than 400,000 deaths each year, our nation“s children continue to have easy access to cigarettes and spit tobacco. After a long and thorough analysis, the US Government has come forward with a statem
24、ent of principles and direction for a national tobacco control plan that represents a major step. The Government“s plan calls for stiff price increases on tobacco products to reduce teen smoking and tough penalties on the tobacco industry if this does not occur. But there are challenges ahead. While
25、 the tobacco lobby no longer has a choke hold on Congress, it still has considerable influence. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：尽管有不容置疑的科学证据表明烟草每年可导致 40 万人死亡，但是我国的儿童仍旧可以轻而易举地获得香烟，吞云吐雾。但经过长时间的彻底分析之后，美国政府终于制定了国家烟草控制方案的原则和方向，从而迈出了重大的一步。政府的计划要求对烟草制品实行提价，以减少青少年吸烟现象，并对未能执行命令的烟草工业施以重罚。然而还存在诸多挑战。烟草游说集团虽已不再对国会具有控制力，但其影
26、响仍相当大。5.The supposed “consensus“ on man-made global warming is facing an inconvenient challenge after the release of new temperature data showing the planet has not warmed for the past 15 years. The figures suggest that we could even be heading for a mini ice age to rival the 70-year temperature dro
27、p that saw frost fairs held on the Thames in the 17 th Century. Based on readings from more than 30,000 measuring stations, the data was issued last week by the Met Office and the University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit. It confirms that the rising trend in world temperatures ended in 1997. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：新的温度数据显示，过去 15 年间地球并未变暖。新数据发布后，人为因素引起全球变暖的“共识”遭到不利挑战。数据显示，人类甚至可能面临小冰河期，堪与 17 世纪泰晤士河上举行“霜降会”的 70 年降温相提并论。这些基于 3 万多个监测站的数据，上周由英国气象局和东安格利亚大学气候研究中心发布。数据确认，世界温度的上升趋势止于 1997 年。
