1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 19及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Failure is the path to success. It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way. Success brings in money, fame, pride and self-respect. Here it becomes very important to keep our head on our sho
2、ulder. The only way to show our gratitude to God for bestowing success on us is by being humble, modest, courteous and respectful to the less fortunate ones.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.Hope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope builds in patience.
3、 Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour, because after every night there is a day. Nothing remains the same. We have only one choice keep moving on in life and be hopeful.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control. Tom
4、orrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dull. So the only alternative is work hard today, so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.English-Chinese Translation(四川大学 2013研，考试科目：基础英语)And, consequently, Marx was the best-hated and most calumniated man of his time. Governments
5、, both absolutist and republican, deported him from their territories. Bourgeois, whether conservative or ultra-democratic, vied with one another in heaping slanders upon him. All this he brushed aside as though it were cobweb, ignoring it, answering only when extreme necessity compelled him. And he
6、 died beloved, revered and mourned by millions of revolutionary fellow-workersfrom the mines of Siberia to California, in all parts of Europe and Americaand I make bold to say that though he may have had many opponents he had hardly one personal enemy.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.On the top shelf of the case a
7、re some English works, among which may be mentioned Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Pilgrim“s Progress by John Bunyan, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling by Henry Fielding, Ivan-hoe by Sir Walter Scott, The Old Curiosity Shop by Charles Dickens, Vanity Fair by William Thackeray, Wutheri
8、ng Heights by Emily Bronte, The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, The Way of all Flesh by Samuel Butler, The Return of the Native by Thomas Hardy, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Stevenson, The Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde, The Man of Property by John Galsworthy, and
9、Major Barbara by Bernard Shaw.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.English-chinese Translation(四川大学 2012研，考试科目：基础英语)My advice to young working-man, desirous of bettering their circumstances, and adding to the amount of their enjoyment , is a very simple one. Do not seek happiness in what is misnamed pleasure: seek it
10、rather in what is termed study. Keep your consciences clear, your curiosity fresh, and embrace every opportunity of cultivating your minds. You will gain nothing by attending Chartist meeting. The fellows who speak nonsense with fluency at these assemblies, and deem their nonsense eloquence, are una
11、ble to help either you or themselves:or, if they do succeed in helping themselves , it will be all at your expense.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.Among the most prominent books upon the most prominent bookshelf is that splendidly bound volume entitled “Shakespeare Complete Works“ , on the contents of which succe
12、ssively list The Comedy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Love“s Labour“s Lost, A Midsummer Night“s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, The Merry Wives of Windsor, Much Ado about Nothing, As You Like It, All“s Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measure, The Life of Timon of A
13、thens.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.English-Chinese TranslationBooks are the best of things, well used: abused, among the worst. What is the right use? What is the one end which all means go to effect? They are for nothing but to inspire. I had better never see a book, than to be warped by its attraction clean
14、out of my own orbit, and made a satellite instead of a system. The one thing in the world, of value, is the active soul. This every man is entitled to: this every man contains within him, although in almost all men obstructed and as yet unborn.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.A bookcase reaches from the floor to t
15、he ceiling. It is filled with medical books of every thickness and color. On the top shelf of the case stands a long row of literary works, among which may be mentioned The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Tragical History of Doctor Faustu by Christopher Marlowe, Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott
16、, The Old Curiosity Shop by Charles Dickens, Gulliver“s Travels by Jonathan Swift, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, Walden by Henry David Thoreau, The Blithedale Romance by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Moby Dick by Herman Melville, The Sound and Fury by William Faulkner, Catch-22 by Joseph Heller, and So
17、ng of Solomon by Toni Morrison.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.Translate the following passages into Chinese(四川大学 2010研，考试科目：基础英语)Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple tact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and
18、clothing, before it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc. : that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institu
19、tions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.It is remarkable, the character of the pleasure we deriv
20、e from the best books. You may still remember those English novels, stories and poems we read together among which may be mentioned Paradise Lost by John Milton, Lady Chatterley“s Lover by D. H. Lawrence, Four Quartets by T. S. Eliot, Finnegan“s Wake by James Joyce, The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. S
21、alinger, The Sunrise on the Veld by Doris Lessing, Sketch Book by Washington Irving, The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper. Concord Hymn by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and The Snows on Kilimanjaro by Ernest Hemingway.（分数：
22、2.00）填空项 1:_12.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese(重庆大学 2005研，考试科目：综合英语) In the cases of the snowdrift, the fog and the war, there was, however, another elementnamely, the fact that everybody was feeling alike. As a rule, each of us is occupied with his own concerns: odier people may hin
23、der us, or bore us, or fail altogether to attract our notice. But there are occasions on which a common emotion actuates a whole crowd. When this happens, even if the emotion in itself is not pleasant, the fact that it is shared gives a peculiar happi-ness not obtainable in any other way.（分数：2.00）填空
24、项 1:_13.You can begin to build character at any age. The key is learning how to look withinto work inside out. With the inside-out approach, private victories precede public victories. These private victories are simply promises you make to yourself and others and then keep. They don“t have to be pr
25、ofound or life altering, like a career change. They can be as mundane as a commitment to exercise every day. A promise like this may sound inconsequential, but it represents the hard choices we face in everyday life. The first step toward building character is to tackle a hard choice, commit to chan
26、ge and stay with it.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.Translate the underlined parts into Chinese(四川外国语大学 2013研，考试科目：英语翻译与写作) Throughout the last few decades, the core of challenge for university-level teaching has been to adjust to a wider range of student abilities. As a result of expanded access and higher rate
27、s of participation, today“s students are diverse in their interests, circumstances, motives and academic preparation. What has been the response? There is much to praise. Compared to a few decades ago, higher education systems in many countries have become more flexible in their requirements. They h
28、ave introduced program innovations responsive to student preferences. The learning process no longer relied entirely on lecturing. Students find opportunities for hands-on experience to complement their book-learning. Study areas have become more responsive to today“s students and to labor market ne
29、eds. An enormous level of energy is being devoted to ways that electronic technology can enhance learning, especially for students who cannot easily take conventional courses. Now educational network and virtual universities have appeared. Meanwhile, a new challenge to teaching looms ahead: a pressu
30、re to internationalize curriculum offerings. Such a change calls for a thorough rethinking of fundamental aspects of course design. Many universities and institutions have taken steps toward globalized learning. But with limited results. Nevertheless, further innovation in teaching practice can be e
31、xpected in the future, because a fundamental change in orientation has been accomplished. Higher education today, in most settings, is more student-focuseda major change compared with what existed several decades ago. “Active“ learning is a phrase that is widely accepted.Of course, major shortcoming
32、s continue: teaching practice is slow to change on the “shop floor“ , and lectures are still the primary educational mechanism in many institutions. On balance, however, things are encouraging.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.Translate the underlined parts into Chinese(四川外国语大学 2012研，考试科目：英语翻译与写作) I have a mind to
33、 fill the rest of this paper with an accident that happened just under my eyes, and has made a great impression upon me. I have just passed part of this summer at an old romantic seat of my Lord Harcourt“s, which he has lent me. It overlooks a common field, where, under the shadow of a haycock, sat
34、two lovers, as constant as ever were found in romance, beneath a spreading beech. The name of the one(let it sound as it will)was John Hewett:of the other, Sarah Drew. John was a well-set man about five-and-twenty: Sarah a brown woman of eighteen. John had for several months borne the labor of the d
35、ay in the same field with Sarah: when she milked, it was his morning and evening charge to bring the cows to her pail. Their love was the talk, but not the scandal of the neighborhood: for all they aimed at was the blameless possession of each other in marriage. It was but this very morning that he
36、obtained her parents“ consent, and it was but till the next week that they were to wait to be happy. Perhaps this very day, in the intervals of their work, they were talking of their wedding clothes: and John was now matching several kinds of poppies and field flowers to her complexion, to make her
37、a present of knots for the day. While they were thus employed(it was on the last day of July, )a terrible storm of thunder and lightning arose, that drove the laborers to what shelter the trees or hedges afforded. Sarah, frightened and out of breath, sunk on a haycock, and John(who never separated f
38、rom her)sat by her side, having raked two or three heaps together to secure her. Immediately there was heard so loud a crack as if heaven had burst asunder. The laborers, all solicitous for each other“s safety, called to one another: those who were nearest our lovers, hearing no answer, stepped to t
39、he place where they lay. They first saw a little smoke, and after, this faithful pair:John with one arm about Sarah“s neck, and the other held over her face, as if to screen her from the lightning. They were struck dead, and already grown stiff and cold in this tender posture. There was no mark or d
40、iscoloring on their bodies, only that Sarah“s eyebrow was a little singed, and a small spot between her breasts. They were buried next day in one grave, in the parish of Stanton Harcourt:where my Lord Harcourt, at my request, has erected a monument over them.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.Translate the underlin
41、ed part into Chinese(四川外国浯大学 2011研，考试科目：英语翻译与写作) All day it streamed rain: the island ran like a sop, there was no dry spot to be found: and when I lay down that night, between two boulders that made a kind of roof, my feet were in a bog. The second day I crossed the island to all sides. There was n
42、o one part of it better than another: it was all desolate and rocky: nothing living on it but game birds which I lacked the means to kill, and the gulls which haunted the outlying rocks in a prodigious number. But the creek, or strait, that cut off the isle from the main-land of the Ross, opened out
43、 on the north into a bay, and the bay again opened into the Sound of Iona: and it was the neighborhood of this place that I chose to be my home: though if I had thought upon the very name of home in such a spot, I must have burst out weeping. I had good reasons for my choice. There was in this part
44、of the isle a little hut of a house like a pig“s hut, where fishers used to sleep when they came there upon their business: but the turf roof of it had fallen entirely in: so that the hut was of no use to me, and gave me less shelter than my rocks. What was more important, the shell-fish on which I
45、lived grew there in great plenty: when the tide was out I could gather a peck at a time: and this was doubtless a convenience. But the other reason went deeper. I had become in no way used to the horrid solitude of the isle, but still looked round me on all sides(like a man that was hunted), between
46、 fear and hope that I might see some human creature coming. Now, from a little up the hillside over the bay, I could catch a sight of the great, ancient church and the roofs of the people“s houses in Iona. And on the other hand, over the low country of the Ross, I saw smoke go up, morning and evenin
47、g, as if from a homestead in a hollow of the land. I used to watch this smoke, when I was wet and cold, and had my head half turned with loneliness: and think of the fireside and the company, till my heart burned. It was the same with the roofs of Iona. Altogether, this sight I had of men“s homes an
48、d comfortable lives, although it put a point on my own sufferings, yet it kept hope alive, and helped me to eat my raw shell-fish(which had soon grown to be a disgust), and saved me from the sense of horror I had whenever I was quite alone with dead rocks, and fowls, and the rain, and the cold sea.
49、I say it kept hope alive: and indeed it seemed impossible that I should be left to die on the shores of my own country, and within view of a church-tower and the smoke of men“s houses. But the second day passed: and though as long as the light lasted I kept a bright look-out for boats on the Sound or men passing on the Ross, no h
