1、英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷 14 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）_2.中国曾长期实行高度集中的计划经济，把计划看成是绝对的，束缚了生产力的发展。这场金融危机使我们看到，市场也不是万能的，一味放任自由，势必引起经济秩序的混乱和社会分配的不公，最终受到惩罚。真正的市场化改革，决不会把市场机制与国家宏观调控对立起来。既要发挥市场这只看不见的手的作用，又要发挥政府和社会监管这只看得见的手的作用。两手都要硬，两手同时发挥作用，才能实现按照市场规律配置资源，也才能使资源配置合理、协调、平衡、可持续。（分数：2
2、.00）_3.中国作为一个发展中国家，很自然十分关心发展中国家在世界经济中所处的困境。许多事实证明，北南关系不是朝着更好的方向发展，而是趋于进一步的恶化。因此，改善北南关系就成为所有国家的一项重要任务。目前，北南之间的差距进一步扩大，富的更富，穷的更穷。许多发展中国家人民正生活在贫困线之下，发达国家有责任给发展中国家以更多的帮助，并同意在平等互利、平等交换的基础上，建立一个新的国际经济秩序。 今天的世界各国，经济上的相互依存更加密切。如果发展中国家的困难长期得不到解决，经济得不到发展，发达国家的经济要持续保持稳定增长，也将是困难的。在商品、贸易、债务、资金、货币和金融等领域，采取有效措施，改善
3、发展中国家面临的外部环境，以利于发展中国家恢复增长和发展，这是当前国际经济领域中的一项紧迫任务。这样做也有利于世界经济的稳定和增长。（分数：2.00）_4.社会主义市场经济体制改革 中国在相当长时间内曾实行高度集中的计划经济体制。随着社会主义市场经济体制改革的深入和民主政治建设的推进，过去人们在择业、迁徙、致富、投资、资讯、旅游、信仰和选择生活方式等方面有形无形的不合理限制，被逐步解除。这就带来了前所未有的、广泛而深刻的变化。 一方面，广大城乡劳动者的积极性得以释放，特别是数以亿计的农民得以走出传统村落，进人城市，特别是沿海地区，数以千万计的知识分子聪明才智得到充分发挥；另一方面，规模庞大的国
4、有资产得以盘活，数万亿元的民间资本得以形成，5000 亿美元的境外资本得以流入。这种资本和劳动的结合，就在中国 960万平方公里的国土上，演进着人类历史上规模极为宏大的工业化和城市化。（分数：2.00）_5.中美贸易 谈到中美贸易问题，首先要看到一个最基本的事实，这就是 25 年来我们两国之间的贸易有了巨大的发展。从 1979 年的不足 25 亿美元，发展到今天的 1000 多亿美元，增长了几十倍。 25 年前，也许谁也不曾想到，中美经贸合作能有今天这样大的规模。今天，美国在华投资设立企业超过 4 万家，实际投资达到 430 亿美元。美国 500 强企业中，已有 400 多家进人中国，大多数企
5、业获利丰厚。麦当劳、肯德基遍及中国大小城市。微软、英特尔、摩托罗拉、柯达、通用汽车等美国驰名品牌的商品畅销中国市场。与此同时，在美国的市场上，许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立企业超过 700 家。（分数：2.00）_6.中美贸易之所以能迅速发展，根本原因在于两国经济具有极大的互补性。这种互补性，很大程度上来自两国经济资源条件、经济结构以及消费水平存在着很大的差异。中国是最大的发展中国家，市场广阔，发展迅速，劳动力成本低，但资金短缺、科技和管理相对落后。美国是最大的发达国家，经济总量大，资本充足，科技发达，但劳动力成本高。这种差异性和互补性，将在今后长期存在，在经济全球化的大
6、背景下显得更加突出。（分数：2.00）_英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷 14 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）_解析：2.中国曾长期实行高度集中的计划经济，把计划看成是绝对的，束缚了生产力的发展。这场金融危机使我们看到，市场也不是万能的，一味放任自由，势必引起经济秩序的混乱和社会分配的不公，最终受到惩罚。真正的市场化改革，决不会把市场机制与国家宏观调控对立起来。既要发挥市场这只看不见的手的作用，又要发挥政府和社会监管这只看得见的手的作用。两手都要硬，两手同时发挥作用，才能实现按照市场规律配置资源，也才能使
7、资源配置合理、协调、平衡、可持续。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute. This hampered the development of productivity. The ongoing financial crisis has made it clear to us, however, that the market is not a cure
8、-all, either. A totally laissez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder and unfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll. A credible market-oriented reform should never set the market against government macro-regulation. The invisible hand of the market and the visi
9、ble hand of government and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously. Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rules and distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainable manner.)解析：3.中国作为一个发展中国家，很自然十分关心发展中国家在世界经济中所处的困境。许多事实证明，北南关系不是朝着更好的方向发展，而是
10、趋于进一步的恶化。因此，改善北南关系就成为所有国家的一项重要任务。目前，北南之间的差距进一步扩大，富的更富，穷的更穷。许多发展中国家人民正生活在贫困线之下，发达国家有责任给发展中国家以更多的帮助，并同意在平等互利、平等交换的基础上，建立一个新的国际经济秩序。 今天的世界各国，经济上的相互依存更加密切。如果发展中国家的困难长期得不到解决，经济得不到发展，发达国家的经济要持续保持稳定增长，也将是困难的。在商品、贸易、债务、资金、货币和金融等领域，采取有效措施，改善发展中国家面临的外部环境，以利于发展中国家恢复增长和发展，这是当前国际经济领域中的一项紧迫任务。这样做也有利于世界经济的稳定和增长。（分
11、数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：As a developing country, China is naturally concerned about the predicament of the developing countries in the world economy. Numerous facts show that the North-South relations are going to deteriorate further instead of turning for the better. Therefore, the improvement of the No
12、rth-South relations has become an important task for all countries. At present the gap between the North and the South is widening, with the rich becoming richer and the poor poorer. The people of many developing countries are living below the poverty line. The developed countries have the responsib
13、ility to give more help to the developing countries, and to agree to the establishment of a new international economic order based on equality and mutual benefit and exchange of equal values. In the present-day world, there is even more inter-dependence among countries. Developed countries will find
14、 it difficult to maintain their economic growth if developing countries long remain in difficulties and their economies cannot move ahead. It is an urgent task in the international economic sphere to improve, by effective measures, the external environment of developing countries in such fields as c
15、ommodity, trade, debt, capital, currency and finance. This will contribute not only to resuming growth of developing countries, but also the stability and growth of the world economy.)解析：4.社会主义市场经济体制改革 中国在相当长时间内曾实行高度集中的计划经济体制。随着社会主义市场经济体制改革的深入和民主政治建设的推进，过去人们在择业、迁徙、致富、投资、资讯、旅游、信仰和选择生活方式等方面有形无形的不合理限制，
16、被逐步解除。这就带来了前所未有的、广泛而深刻的变化。 一方面，广大城乡劳动者的积极性得以释放，特别是数以亿计的农民得以走出传统村落，进人城市，特别是沿海地区，数以千万计的知识分子聪明才智得到充分发挥；另一方面，规模庞大的国有资产得以盘活，数万亿元的民间资本得以形成，5000 亿美元的境外资本得以流入。这种资本和劳动的结合，就在中国 960万平方公里的国土上，演进着人类历史上规模极为宏大的工业化和城市化。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Restructuring toward the Socialist Market Economy For quite some time in th
17、e past, China had a structure of highly-centralized planned economy. With deepening restructuring toward the socialist market economy and progress in the development of democratic politics, there was gradual lifting of the former improper restrictions visible and invisible , on people“ s freedom in
18、choice of occupation, mobility, enterprise, investment, information, travel, faith and life styles. This has brought extensive and profound changes never seen before in China“ s history. On the one hand, the enthusiasm of the work force in both city and countryside has been set free. In particular,
19、hundreds of millions of farmers are now able to leave their old villages and move into towns and cities, especially in the coastal areas. Tens of millions of intellectuals are now able to bring their talent and creativity into full play. On the other hand, the massive assets owned by the state can n
20、ow be revitalized, the private capital pool in the amount of trillions of yuan can take shape, and more than 500 billion US dollars worth of overseas capital can flow in. This combination of capital and labor results in a drama of industrialization and urbanization of a size unprecedented in human h
21、istory being staged on the 9. 6 million square kilometers of land called China.)解析：5.中美贸易 谈到中美贸易问题，首先要看到一个最基本的事实，这就是 25 年来我们两国之间的贸易有了巨大的发展。从 1979 年的不足 25 亿美元，发展到今天的 1000 多亿美元，增长了几十倍。 25 年前，也许谁也不曾想到，中美经贸合作能有今天这样大的规模。今天，美国在华投资设立企业超过 4 万家，实际投资达到 430 亿美元。美国 500 强企业中，已有 400 多家进人中国，大多数企业获利丰厚。麦当劳、肯德基遍及中国大小
22、城市。微软、英特尔、摩托罗拉、柯达、通用汽车等美国驰名品牌的商品畅销中国市场。与此同时，在美国的市场上，许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立企业超过 700 家。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： China-US trade When talking about China-US trade, we should not overlook one fundamental (basic) fact; that is, in the past 25 years, two-way trade has expanded enormously. From a mere 2. 5
23、 billion US dollars in 1979 to over 100 billion today, the increase is dozens of times. No one in his wildest imagination could have forecast 25 years ago the magnitude of today“ s China-US trade and economic relations. With over40,000 US-invested enterprises, the paid-in value of US investment in C
24、hina stands at 43 billion US dollars. Of the top 500 US companies, more than 400 have come to China, and most of them are making a handsome profit. The McDonald“ s and KFC chain stores are found in almost every Chinese city, large or small. Products bearing such famous American trademarks as Microso
25、ft, Intel, Motorola, Kodak and GM sell quickly on the Chinese market. At the same time, many items of Chinese merchandise have become favored choices of US consumers. The number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the US has surpassed 700.)解析：6.中美贸易之所以能迅速发展，根本原因在于两国经济具有极大的互补性。这种互补性，很大程度上来自两国经济资源条件、经济
26、结构以及消费水平存在着很大的差异。中国是最大的发展中国家，市场广阔，发展迅速，劳动力成本低，但资金短缺、科技和管理相对落后。美国是最大的发达国家，经济总量大，资本充足，科技发达，但劳动力成本高。这种差异性和互补性，将在今后长期存在，在经济全球化的大背景下显得更加突出。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： The reason for such rapid growth in China-US trade is, in the final analysis, the high degree to which the economies complement each other. This
27、 neat fit, to a large extent, stems from their differences in economic resources, economic structures and consumption levels. China is the world“ s largest developing country with a huge market, fast development and low labor costs, but short of capital and relatively backward in technology and mana
28、gement skills. On the other hand, the US is the world“ s largest developed country, big in economic size, with abundant capital, and advanced in science and technology. But the cost of labor in the US is high. These diverse yet interlocking qualities will remain for a long time, and are likely to feature more prominently in the ongoing economic globalization. This, in my view, is the material basis for the sustained and rapid expansion of China-US trade.)解析：
