1、(A)英语翻译高级口译英译中经济科技(一)及答案解析(总分：100.04，做题时间：90 分钟)一、试题 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Japans once enviable jobless rate will soar to double-digit levels ifand the warning is a big onefirms opt for drastic Western-style layoffs to boost profits. While Japans lifetime employment system is visibly unravelling, many ec
2、onomists still doubt whether a scenario of soaring joblessness will occur, given that economic incentives to slash payrolls clash with social and political pressures to save jobs. A kinder, gentler approach to restructuring would soften the social instability many fear would result from doubling the
3、 jobless rate, already at a record high.531Critics believe it would also cap gains in profit margins and stifle economic vitality, especially in the absence of bold steps to open the door to new growth, industries. Some economists believe different methods of counting mean Japans jobless rate is alr
4、eady close to 7 per cent by United States standards, not that far from the 7.8 per cent peak hit in the US in 1992 when it began to emerge from a two-year slump.（分数：20.00）(1).Japans once enviable jobless rate will soar to double-digit levels if-and the warning is a big one-firms opt for drastic West
5、ern-style layoffs to boost profits.（分数：4.00）_(2).While Japans life-time employment system is visibly unravelling, many economists still doubt whether a scenario of soaring joblessness will occur, given that economic incentives to slash payrolls clash with social and political pressures to save jobs.
6、（分数：4.00）_(3).A kinder, gentler approach to restructuring would soften the social instability that many fear would result from doubling the jobless rate, which is already at a record high.（分数：4.00）_(4).Critics believe it would also cap gains in profit margins and stifle economic vitality, especially
7、 in the absence of bold steps to open the door to new growth, industries.（分数：4.00）_(5).Some economists believe different methods of counting mean Japans jobless rate is already close to 7 per cent by United States standards, not that far from the 7.8 per cent peak hit in the US in 1992 when it began
8、 to emerge from a two-year slump.（分数：4.00）_二、试题 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The biggest problem of the third industrial revolution is as easy to explain as it is difficult to solve. Technology is creating a global economy that is rapidly supplanting our old national economies. National governments cannot contr
9、ol this new economy, yet no one, least of all Americans, wants to create the form of global government that might be able to control it. As a result we were going to be living in a fundamentally unmanaged economic system. The difficulties of containing the 1997 Asian economic meltdown are just the f
10、irst of many such difficulties we can expect.National governments, which used to worry about managing and maintaining their economic systems, are slowly being pushed out of business. Changes in global finance overwhelm all but the largest governments. Governments have lost much of their influence ov
11、er the movement of information and capital. They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally.Conversely, the power of global businesses is growing with companies ability to move to the most advantageous locations and play countries off against one another in bidding for
12、attractive investment projects.（分数：20.02）(1).The biggest problem of the third industrial revolution is as easy to explain as it is difficult to solve. Technology is creating a global economy that is rapidly supplanting our old national economies.（分数：2.86）_(2).National governments cannot control this
13、 new economy, yet no one, least of all Americans, wants to create the form of global government that might be able to control it. As a result we were going to be living in a fundamentally unmanaged economic system.（分数：2.86）_(3).The difficulties of containing the 1997 Asian economic meltdown are just
14、 the first of many such difficulties we can expect.（分数：2.86）_(4).National governments, which used to worry about managing and maintaining their economic systems, are slowly being pushed out of business.（分数：2.86）_(5).Changes in global finance overwhelm all but the largest governments.（分数：2.86）_(6).Go
15、vernments have lost much of their influence over the movement of information and capital. They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally.（分数：2.86）_(7).Conversely, the power of global businesses is growing with companies ability to move to the most advantageous location
16、s and play countries off against one another in bidding for attractive investment projects.（分数：2.86）_三、试题 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Bringing the World Cup to Asia was supposed to expand the reach of the global game in a happy confluence of good will and good business. The action on the pitch has certainly be
17、en dramatic, and most fans were thrilled. But less than half way through the month-long tournament, the good will is already wearing thin-and business seems relatively slow, with fewer visitors and Cup-related sales than expected. Deeply embarrassed by the image of part-empty stadiums besieged by an
18、gry ticket hunters, Japanese prime minister ordered an official investigation into the ticket fiasco. Claiming losses of more than 800,000 per game, Koreas soccer federation even threatened to sue Byrom, the official ticket agent, for failing to print and deliver tickets on time.Japan and Korea both
19、 hoped to score big points-at home and abroad-with the World Cup. Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations development. Mired in a decade-long slump, Japan longs for anything that might shock its economy
20、 back to life. Korea, meanwhile, hopes the Cup will steady its halting recovery from the 1997 Asian financial crisis-and help brand it as Asias most wired nation. Their plan: inject billions of dollars into new facilities, welcome throngs of tourists and for one glorious month showcase their countri
21、es to the biggest television audience in world history.（分数：20.00）(1).Bringing the World Cup to Asia was supposed to expand the reach of the global game in a happy confluence of good will and good business.（分数：2.00）_(2).The action on the pitch has certainly been dramatic, and most fans were thrilled.
22、（分数：2.00）_(3).But less than half way through the month-long tournament, the good will is already wearing thin-and business seems relatively slow, with fewer visitors and Cup-related sales than expected.（分数：2.00）_(4).Deeply embarrassed by the image of part-empty stadiums besieged by angry ticket hunt
23、ers, Japanese prime minister ordered an official investigation into the ticket fiasco.（分数：2.00）_(5).Claiming losses of more than 800,000 per game, Koreas soccer federation even threatened to sue Byrom, the official ticket agent, for failing to print and deliver tickets on time.（分数：2.00）_(6).Japan an
24、d Korea both hoped to score big pointsat home and abroadwith the World Cup.（分数：2.00）_(7).Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations development.（分数：2.00）_(8).Mired in a decade-long slump, Japan longs for a
25、nything that might shock its economy back to life.（分数：2.00）_(9).Korea, meanwhile, hopes the Cup will steady its halting recovery from the 1997 Asian financial crisis-and help brand it as Asia-s most wired nation.（分数：2.00）_(10).Their plan: inject billions of dollars into new facilities, welcome thron
26、gs of tourists and for one glorious month showcase their countries to the biggest television audience in world history.（分数：2.00）_四、试题 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The effect of governmental expenditures on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization of labor and capital in the economy at the tim
27、e of the expenditure, and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure. If the economy as a whole or the segment of the economy which is the focus of the expenditure is operating at capacity or close to capacity, then the expenditures major effects will tend to be inflationary, and will
28、 not generate much employment of capital and labor. If the economy or sector is operating at much less than full employment, the expenditure will produce a genuine (non-inflationary) rise in the GNP.A true measure of the effect of governmental increase in the amount of money made available, then, is
29、 not the simple dollar value of the initial injection but the cumulative effect of this injection through spending and re-spending. In the optimum case the initial expansion of income flow could be great enough to produce tax revenues in excess of the original “deficit spending“ or the “tax cut“, so
30、 that deficits are not only smaller than the increased GNP but are recouped. In Keynesian economics the fundamental point of government policy clearly is not budget-balancing but spending in the event of unused productive capacity and unemployment. Spending increases productivity. This productivity
31、resulting from federal spending has overwhelmed the older economic myths of the balanced budget where government is conceived of as just another business firm.（分数：20.02）(1).The effect of governmental expenditures on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization of labor and capital in
32、the economy at the time of the expenditure, and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure.（分数：2.86）_(2).If the economy as a whole or the segment of the economy which is the focus of the expenditure is operating at capacity or close to capacity, then the expenditures major effects wil
33、l tend to be inflationary, and will not generate much employment of capital and labor.（分数：2.86）_(3).If the economy or sector is operating at much less than full employment, the expenditure will produce a genuine (non-inflationary) rise in the GNP.（分数：2.86）_(4).A true measure of the effect of governm
34、ental increase in the amount of money made available, then, is not the simple dollar value of the initial injection but the cumulative effect of this injection through spending and re-spending.（分数：2.86）_(5).In the optimum case the initial expansion of income flow could be great enough to produce tax
35、 revenues in excess of the original “deficit spending“ or the “tax cut“, so that deficits are not only smaller than the increased GNP but are recouped.（分数：2.86）_(6).In Keynesian economics the fundamental point of government policy clearly is not budget-balancing but spending in the event of unused p
36、roductive capacity and unemployment.（分数：2.86）_(7).Spending increases productivity. This productivity resulting from federal spending has overwhelmed the older economic myths of the balanced budget where government is conceived of as just another business firm.（分数：2.86）_五、试题 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In gener
37、al, investment in the United States will be in the form of a subsidiary. It is possible for a non-U.S corporation to operate a branch office in the United States, but there are significant disadvantages to a branch, particularly with respect to its tax treatment.Branches of non-U.S corporations are
38、not subject to federal regulation or registration requirements. However, each state will require a “foreign“ corporation to “qualify“ before “doing business“ in that state. A corporation will be considered “foreign“ if it is organized under the laws of another country or another state, and so this i
39、s not a requirement imposed only on non-U.S investors.“Doing business“ is a technical term that implies a substantial presence in the state. This would include the ownership of leasing of real property, the maintenance of a stock of goods for local sale, employee and the like. Selling products to lo
40、cal customers, either directly or through an independent sales representative or distributor, would not itself constitute “doing business“.The states actually exercise little control over the qualification process other than to ensure that the qualifying entitys name is not confusingly similar to an
41、 already registered entity and that all registration fees and taxes are paid (qualification is basically a form of taxation). In most states, qualification for a non-U.S corporation consists of a relatively easy application, a registration fee, and a notarized or legalized copy of the corporations articles of incorporation (in English or a certified translation).（分数：20.00）(1).In general, inves
