1、2018 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：150 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.（分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com
2、(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：49.70)Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.（分数：14.2）(1).（分数：7.1）A.Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B.Design a new generation of mobile phones.C.Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D.Gather data from the noon with a tiny
3、device.(2).（分数：7.1）A.It is stable.B.It is durable.C.It is inexpensive.D.It is Sophisticated-Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.（分数：14.2）(1).（分数：7.1）A.It lasted more than six hours.B.No injuries were yet reported.C.Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D.It had
4、burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.(2).（分数：7.1）A.Recruit and train more firefighters.B.Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C.Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D.Find money to renovate the local neighbohood.Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just
5、heard.（分数：21.3）(1).（分数：7.1）A.Shrinking potato fanning.B.Heavy reliance on import.C.Widespread plant disease.D.Insufficient potato supply.(2).（分数：7.1）A.It intends to keep its traditional diet.B.It wants to expand its own fanning.C.It is afraid of the spread of disease.D.It is worried about unfair com
6、petition.(3).（分数：7.1）A.Global warning.B.Ever-rising prices.C.Government regulation.D.Diminishing investment.四、Section (总题数：2，分数：56.80)Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.4）(1).（分数：7.1）A.InformativeB.InspiringC.DullD.Shallow(2).（分数：7.1）A.She types on a keyboard.
7、B.She does recording.C.She take photos.D.she take notes.(3).（分数：7.1）A.It keeps her mind active.B.It makes her stay awake.C.It enables her to think hard.D.It helps her kill time.(4).（分数：7.1）A.It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B.It helps her better remember what she leams.C.It turns out to b
8、e an enjoyable way of learning.D.It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.4）(1).（分数：7.1）A.To spend her honeymoon.B.To try authentic Indian food.C.To take photos of the Jaj Mahal.D.To trace the origin of a love story.(
9、2).（分数：7.1）A.In memory of a princess.B.In honor of a great cmoeror.C.To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D.To celebrate the birth of a princesss 14th child.(3).（分数：7.1）A.It looks older than expected.B.It is built of wood and bricks.C.It stores lots of priceless antiques.D.It has walls decor
10、ated with jewels.(4).（分数：7.1）A.Their streets are narrow.B.Each on has a unique character.C.They are mostly crowded.D.Life can be tedious in some places.五、Section C(总题数：3，分数：142.00)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：42.6）(1).（分数：14.2）A.They help spread the latest tech
11、nologr.B.They greatly enrich peopled leisure life.C.They provide residents with theD.They allow free access to digital books and videos.(2).（分数：14.2）A.By helping them find jobs.B.By keeping them off the streets.C.By inspiring tneir creatmty.D.By providing a place of relaxation.(3).（分数：14.2）A.Their i
12、nteraction with teenagers proved fruitful.B.They used libraries less often than teenagers.C.They tended to visit libraries regularly.D.Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：42.6）(1).（分数：14.2）A.It is the cleverest cat in the world.B.It is
13、an unusual cross breed.C.It is the largest cat in Africa.D.It is a large-sized wild cat.(2).（分数：14.2）A.They are as loyal as doges.B.They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.C.They have unusually long tails.D.They know how to please their owners.(3).（分数：14.2）A.They shake their front paws.B.They shower w
14、ith them.C.They teach them to dive.D.They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：56.8）(1).（分数：14.2）A.Contented and relieved.B.Anxious and depressed.C.Proud but a bit nervous.D.Excited but somewhat sad.(2).（分数：14.2）A.It starts the moment they are bom.B.It de
15、pends on their parents for success.C.It is gaining increasing public attention.D.It is becoming parents7 biggest concern.(3).（分数：14.2）A.Choose the right school for them.B.Help them to leam by themselves.C.Read books and magazines to them.D.Set a good example for them to follow.(4).（分数：14.2）A.Their i
16、ntelligence.B.Their home life.C.The quality of their school.D.The effort they put in learning.六、Part Reading Comp(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the
17、 most serious【C1】 occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs【C2】 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes【C3】 like home heating and cooking, has remain
18、ed【C4】 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 【C5】 it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors
19、 for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 【C6】 ,”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 【C7】 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where t
20、hey【C8】 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 【C9】 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel(柴油) 【C10】 have become more common in recent years, that number re
21、aches tens of thousands.A)ability I)exclusivelyB)associated J)innovatedC)consciously K)regularlyD)constant L)relatesE)control M)sourcesF)damage N)undermineG)described O)vehiclesH)equals （分数：35.50）(1).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(2).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(3).（分数：3.55）A.B.C
22、.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(4).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(5).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(6).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(7).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(8).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(9).（分数：3.55）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.(10).（分数：3.55）A.B
23、.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.八、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing ProgressA Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralphs market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this docto
24、r was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are
25、really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”B Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St.
26、Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The centers Shop with Your Doc program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.C Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scotts shoppin
27、g cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So Id have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “Im not sure theyd eat it. They just wont eat it.”D Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are b
28、ig contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real
29、 macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.E Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but its making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment,
30、 rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as Shop with your Doc, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “Theres no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabet
31、es, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.F In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not
32、 just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients
33、several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospitals medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what theyre e
34、ating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”G In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingl
35、y show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, su
36、gar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nations high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low c
37、onsumption of fruits and vegetables.H “Its a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to p
38、revent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.I Many people dont know how to c
39、ook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patients life. And beyond that, it might transform the health
40、and lives of that patients family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”J Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎症), for exa
41、mple, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.K “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Ngu
42、yen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”（分数：71.0）(1).More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.（分数：7.1）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(2).There is a special progra
43、m that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.（分数：7.1）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(3).There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.（分数：7.1）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(4).A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.（分数：7.1）A.B.C.D.
44、E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(5).Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.（分数：7.1）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(6).One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.（分数：7.1）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(7).Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, th
45、inking it would simply be a waste of time.（分数：7.1）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(8).Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.（分数：7.1）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(9).Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.（分数：7.1）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.(10).Americans
46、 high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.（分数：7.1）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.九、Section C(总题数：2，分数：142.00)Passage OneCalifornia has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is
47、 growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be e
48、xtracted (抽取). The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers(地下蓄水层)below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump
49、 water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Even though pumping
