1、大学四级-62 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.水的重要性； 2中国的水资源问题； 3为了生存和发展人们要（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to read the passages quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best
2、answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Role of Parents in Promoting Language DevelopmentFrom infancy to early childhood, one undeniable change takes place-children learn to talk. In cultures arou
3、nd the world, young childrens rapid language development represents a language exploration, with words and sentences bursting forth. By age 6, the average child has a vocabulary of over 10,000 words because during these early years children learn words at the rapid rate of 10 to 20 new words per day
4、 through a process called fast mapping. Furthermore, even though different languages have different subject, verb, and object placement, young childrens word replacement matches the grammatical structure of their native language from the time they first string two words together. Moreover, young chi
5、ldren demonstrate an understanding of verb tense in their language.An example of preschoolers knowledge of verb tense is demonstrated in the following example. The young child who says “I played with Sally today“ comprehends that “ed“ is added to a verb to represent past tense. When that same child
6、says “Sally and I goed to the park,“ the child is still demonstrating a basic understanding of past tense. In the second example, the child uses over regularization, whereby a standard rule of past tense is applied to the English language, which has many exceptions to the standard rules. The remarka
7、ble advances in language development during the preschool years are further exemplified in young childrens social speech. Preschool children are extraordinarily adept at producing socially adaptive behavior in their verbal communication. For example, 4-year-old children speak differently to 2olds wh
8、en they see themselves in a teaching role than when they are attempting to engage a younger child in informal play. Additionally, young childrens speech reflects the social skills of turn taking and topic maintenance.There is no question that the preschool stage of development is an impressive time
9、of language development. The extraordinary growth of vocabulary that occurs during the preschool years is matched by an impressive understanding of basic grammar and socially adaptive language. There are, nevertheless, variations in language development and these variations can be traced to parent-
10、child interactions. First of all, preschoolers need to hear new words in order to learn them. It is, hence, beneficial for young children when their parents continually engage them in verbal dialogues and respond to their questions and other verbal comments. Young childrens language development (esp
11、ecially vocabulary expansion) is further promoted when adults label new things for them.Finally, whereas the language development that occurs during the preschool stage is impressive, young childrens pronunciation takes a little longer to perfect. It is important that parents do not attempt to corre
12、ct their young childrens pronunciation because that approach actually hampers their preschoolers language development. Instead of calling attention to their youngsters mispronunciation, parents should respond to their preschoolers speech as if they had pronounced the words correctly. In their respon
13、ses to their young childrens mispronunciations, however, it is important for parents to repeat back the words correctly, thereby modeling the correct pronunciation.How Young Children Understand SpeechEven though young childrens speech reflects their social understanding of turn taking, topic mainten
14、ance, and social adaptation, they are somewhat limited in comprehending the speech of others. First, the preoperational thought of young children prevents them from understanding the concept of reversibility, which shows up in their failure to accurately comprehend reverse-order sentences. An exampl
15、e of this misunderstanding can be detected in the statement whereby the parent says to the child, “You can have a cookie after you wash your hands. “ Because young children understand the sequence of action in the order that it is presented, the child believes the parent is actually saying, “You can
16、 have a cookie, then you should wash your hands. “ Not only does the child think that cookie eating precedes hand washing in this instance, the child is less likely to have paid attention to the second half of the sentence. The failure to attend to the second stated action in the sentence is due to
17、preschoolers egocentric tendency to focus on one thing at a time.Still another limitation of childrens linguistic understanding stems from their inability to comprehend metaphors-that one word or phrase can mean different things when used in different contexts. Their inability to grasp metaphors mea
18、ns that young children are quite literal in their understanding and use of speech. As a case in point, if a father tells a preschool child on the phone that he will be home in a little while but that he is tied up right now/the child believes the father is literally tied up. The concerned child migh
19、t turn to the mother and ask, “How is Daddy going to get untied. “ The childs lack of understanding that words might mean different things in different contexts means their language understanding is very context bound. An illustration of this language limitation is apparent in the situation where a
20、parent has taken the child into the deep end of the swimming pool and the child learns from that experience that deep means over ones head. When that same parent says to the young child the following week that it is okay to step in puddles after a rain while wearing rain boots, but not to step into
21、deep puddles, the child will feel free to step into any puddle that is not over the childs head. Still another restriction of young children is their lack of ability to understand complex, multi-action sentences. For instance, a young child would have trouble making sense of the following request: “
22、Tommy, pick up your toys, go wash your hands, and put on your jacket. “ The parent who uses a sentence such as that expects the child to attend to several different requests, which is very difficult for the egocentric young child.What This Means for ProfessionalsFirst, parents should be certain that
23、 they speak clearly, and face-to-face, with their young children so that their children have the opportunity to watch the formation of their words and clearly hear how sentences are formed and words are pronounced. Second, it is better to use short, concrete sentences, state one request or idea at a
24、 time, and give the child an opportunity to think about and process each request separately. Third, it is important for parents not to use metaphors when talking to their preschool children, who rely on literal comprehension. Fourth, parents need to understand that even though a child has learned th
25、e meaning of a word, the child might not understand the usage of that word in a different context. Therefore, parents should be very patient with their young children and not assume that they are misbehaving when they have not followed through with instructions. It is possible that the child has not
26、 clearly understood the meaning of words used in a context that does not match the one in which the words were learned. Finally, some parents need to be reminded of the importance of slowing down their pace when speaking to their young children, thus providing sufficient pauses to encourage parent-p
27、reschooler dialogue.（分数：70.00）(1).What does the first paragraph tell us about young childrens language development? A. Most of their vocabularies are learned through seeing pictures. B. They can arrange words according to their native language grammar. C. They can use the verb tense in their languag
28、e properly. D. They will experience the language explosion at around six years old.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The example of preschool children speaking differently when playing different roles show that _. A. preschool years are important for the remarkable advances in their language development B. their
29、 speech can reflect the social skills of turn-taking and topic-maintenance C. they are fond of playing different roles during the process of language development D. they are expert in behaving adaptively in their verbal communications（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, the rapid growth of
30、 preschool childrens vocabulary is accompanied by _. A. the verbal comments from their parents response B. a number of new things they encounter in their daily life C. their comprehension of basic grammar and socially adaptive language D. the perfection of their pronunciation（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The
31、 authors attitude towards parents correcting their young childrens pronunciation is _. A. indifferent B. anxious C. supportive D. disapproving（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the parents right reaction to their young childrens mispronunciation, according to the author? A. Repeat back correctly to model
32、the right pronunciation. B. Allow them to imitate correct pronunciations by tapes. C. Encourage them to sing childrens songs. D. Let them pronounce in the way they like.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What prevents the preschoolers understanding the reverse-order sentences correctly? A. Their inability of reas
33、oning. B. Their preoperational thought. C. Their easily distracted attention. D. Their poor memory.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Preschoolers inability of comprehending metaphors refers to _, according to the author. A. their lack of ability of understanding complex words B. their misunderstanding of what ot
34、hers talk about C. their inability to understand more than one thing at a time D. their literal comprehension and use of speech（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).In order to make your young children to process what you talk to them properly, youd better use the sentences which are _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According
35、to the passage, parents need _ to make their preschoolers follow through their instructions.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).According to the passage, _ are needed to inspire the dialogue between parents and their preschoolers.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：4，分数：105.00)Directi
36、ons: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,
37、 you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.（分数：35.00）(1). A. The man enjoyed the movie very much. B. The man saw a horror movie. C. The woman asked the man t
38、o be careful at theatre. D. The woman went to the show with the man.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Friends. B. Boss and secretary. C. Customer and cashier. D. Colleagues.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Since last year. B. For a few days. C. For a few hours. D. For several weeks.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. The woman
39、 would sew them back on. B. The woman would quarrel with the man. C. The man would not take the responsibility. D. The man give the woman a good suggestion.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5). A. Watching a game with her husband. B. Going to a game. C. Her husbands absence. D. Her husbands watching a game.（分数：7.00
40、）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1). A. He was held up by the traffic jam. B. His secretary forgot to remind him of it. C. He was a stranger to the place. D. He forgot where to meet the woman.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. She has been eliminated. B. She belongs to the last few candidates chosen. C. She is writing som
41、e essays in order to be employed. D. She has already been taken on.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Its dull. B. Its fun. C. It s simple. D. It s complicated.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）(1). A. A hair wash. B. A nail trim. C. A massage. D.
42、 A shave.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. He didnt have a clear idea of the complete service. B. He wanted the test service. C. He just wanted his hair cut the way he likes. D. He wanted his hair to be trimmed quickly.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Your hands look good. B. Your hair is in good condition. C. You h
43、ave a good beautician to serve you. D. You can relax.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. He is going to a business convention in town. B. He is going to meet his clients. C. He is going to deal with workplace accidents. D. He is going to be interviewed for new employment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are
44、 based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. An alternative use of fuel oil. B. A way to make fuel oil less polluting. C. A new method for locating underground oil. D. A new source of fuel oil.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. To produce a gas containing carbon and hydrogen. B. To remove
45、 impurities from methanol. C. To heat the reactors. D. To prevent dangerous gases from forming.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. It hasnt been fully tested. B. Its quite expensive. C. It uses up scarce minerals. D. The gas it produces is harmful to the environment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.
46、00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some question. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark
47、the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. 10.7 hours. B. 4.1 hours. C. 3.1 hours. D. 5.35 hours.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. China. B. Japan. C. The U.S. D. The Philippines.（分数：7
48、.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Friends and neighbors. B. Teachers and friends. C. Parents and friends. D. Parents and grandparents.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. Because it is fun. B. Because they are forced to clean themselves. C. Because they are proud of their beautiful feathers. D. Because they have an instinct for cleanliness.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Keep it waterproof. B. Keep it cool in
