1、大学英语六级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 230 及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the Beijing governments introducing a lottery for automobile buyers in order to solve traffic problem
2、s. You can give an example or two to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：11，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.She was very lucky to see many whales.B.She didnt go to the whale-watching trip.
3、C.She didnt see a whale on her whale-watching trip.D.She liked the whale-watching trip very much.A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Autumn.D.Winter.A.East.B.West.C.South.D.North.A.One hour.B.Two hours.C.Three hours.D.Four hours.A.Studying with a partner.B.Preparing snacks.C.Playing cards.D.Learning how to design b
4、ridges.A.Watch her partner.B.Play her cards in cooperation with her partner.C.Quit the game.D.Teach the man how to play bridge.A.Miss her card game.B.Stay up too late.C.Take too heavy a workload next semester.D.Neglect her studies to play bridge.A.He already knows how to play.B.He doesnt like to pla
5、y games.C.He doesnt have a partner.D.He doesnt have enough free time.5.Section B_A.Less than 30 minutes.B.From 30 to 45 minutes.C.At least 45 minutes.D.More than 45 minutes.A.He should show respect for the interviewer.B.He should show confidence in himself.C.He should talk enthusiastically.D.He shou
6、ld be dressed properly.A.Speaking confidently but not aggressively.B.Talking loudly to give a lasting impression.C.Talking a lot about the job.D.Speaking politely and emotionally.A.Because both have a limited supply of air, water, and other resources.B.Because the Earth moves around the sun as fast
7、as a spaceship.C.Because we can travel to outer space.D.Because the Earth never stops moving.A.About 80 miles per second.B.About 70 miles per second.C.About 18 miles per second.D.About 17 miles per second.A.Because the Earth is heavily polluted.B.Because nature cannot recycle its resources.C.Because
8、 more and more people live on the Earth.D.Because no more new resources can be added.A.Nature has changed our environment over the years.B.We must avoid wasting resources and polluting our environment.C.Our resources are nearly used up.D.Trips to other planets will help eliminate pollution.6.Section
9、 C_A.Real Madrid.B.Manchester United.C.Tottenham Hotspur.D.Borussia Dortmund.A.When he signed with Tottenham Hotspur.B.When he won the Champions League.C.When he won the Africa Cup.D.When he won the Premier League.A.To stage a World Cup that is a spectacular tournament.B.To stage a World Cup that be
10、nefits billions.C.To stage a World Cup that makes you, your grandchildren and everyone in football truly proud.D.To stage a World Cup that increase the popularity of English football.A.South Africa.B.England.C.Sierra Leone.D.Thailand.A.A small scene.B.A gesture.C.A little bit of magic.D.A glance bet
11、ween characters.A.What is life.B.What is space.C.What is an astronaut.D.What is existence.A.Kentucky.B.Massachusetts.C.New Jersey.D.Pennsylvania.A.See the planets with her naked eyes.B.See with the most powerful telescopes.C.Focus time and energy on finding planets at these distances from their star
12、s.D.Model the possible climates of exoplanets.A.Water.B.Distance.C.Atmosphere.D.Surface temperature.A.Its 23 light years away.B.Its more than 100 trillion miles away.C.Its 1,200 light years away.D.Its 100 trillion miles away.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Se
13、ction A_Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can 1 performance at work and school. Cognitive (认知派的) researchers, who
14、study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on 2 and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, 3 among educators. But the careful use of small 4 rewards sparks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that
15、 properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed 5 inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively 6 task, they show the most creativity,“ says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Del
16、aware in Newark. “But its easy to 7 creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.“ A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for 8 achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example
17、 of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and 9 failing grades. In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows 10 in raising
18、 efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.A) mental I) approvalB) promise J) monetaryC) kill K) generallyD) avoid L) improveE) hope M) challengingF) especially N) restoreG) aid O) excellent H) ordinary（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.
19、Section B_Protecting Student Privacy in the Data AgeA In Kentucky, parents, educators and policy makers can track how many students from a high school go to college, and once they are there, how many require remedial classes (补习班). Massachusetts is one of several states with an early warning indicat
20、or system, which notifies school officials when students appear to be at risk for dropping out of high school. And in Georgia, teachers can easily access years of test scores, class, grades and attendance rates for any student.B Student data advocates argue that used correctly data, including studen
21、t attendance, test scores and demographics (人口统计), can enrich education. Teachers can better personalize instruction for students, principals can view the academic records of students who move across school districts and parents can determine whether a child is on track for college, to name just a f
22、ew examples.C But that promise comes with threats to students privacy. Parents have expressed concerns that if teachers have easy access to students entire academic histories, they might write off those with poor records, or that student information might fall into the hands of sexual predators (侵害者
23、). Those concerns have led to heated debates about how much data schools should be collecting, how it should be stored and who should have access to it.D Over the past year, the Common Core State Standards have also triggered discussions about student data, although the standards do not call for the
24、 federal government to collect data. “ Theres no denying that education technology has the potential to transform learning if its used wisely,“ said Joni Lupovitz, vice president of policy at Common Sense Media, which this fall launched a campaign to raise awareness about student privacy issues. “Wh
25、at were working to ensure is that as educators, parents and student embrace more and more education technology, (and) balance the equation by focusing on student privacy to help ensure that were creating an atmosphere where kids can learn and be engaged and thrive without putting their personal info
26、rmation at risk. “Relying on a 1970s LawE Until recently, most states weighing privacy questions relied on the federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) , a 1974 law intended to protect student education records. But in recent years, the U. S. Department of Education has made regulat
27、ory changes to the law, creating many exceptions. For example, education records now may be shared with outside contractors, such as private companies that track grades or attendance on behalf of school systems. The changes have prompted some states to examine whether they should play a stronger rol
28、e in protecting student data.F Paige Kowalski, director of state policy and advocacy for the Data Quality Campaign, a nonprofit that advocates for the effective use of data to improve student achievement, said states are starting to realize they need more sophisticated and comprehensive policies, re
29、gulations and practices around student privacy, and that they cant just rely on FERPA.G “All states have privacy laws on the books, but a lot of them are old,“ Kowalski said. “A lot of them just dont have modern policies that were written acknowledging that data is even at the state level, let alone
30、 stored electronically and because of technology is able to move.“ Kowalski added that states privacy policies might refer to outdated information practices, such as checking out paper documents, while failing to discuss modern needs like encryption(加密).H Most school districts rely on cloud computin
31、gmeaning data are stored on servers that can be accessed through the Internetfor everything from cafeteria payments to attendance records. But a recent study by the Center on Law and Information Policy at Fordham Law School concluded that most cloud-based services are “ poorly understood, nontranspa
32、rent and weakly governed“ by schools. Most school districts fail to inform parents that they are using cloud-based services, and many contracts with web-based vendors (供应商) fail to address privacy issues, the study found. Keeping Parents in the DarkI The Electronic Privacy Information Center, a nonp
33、rofit research group in Washington, D. C., filed a lawsuit in February 2012 against the U. S. Department of Education challenging its FERPA changes, but a federal court dismissed the lawsuit for lack of standing. J Khaliah Barnes, the centers administrative law counsel, said many schools and states
34、are doing a poor job of informing parents of the issues that can arise with technology. She said school districts should tell parents about the kinds of information they collect, to whom that information is disclosed and for what purposes. Parents should also have the right to opt out of disclosing
35、certain types of information, she said, and should be informed how to access and change incorrect information. K Barnes said schools are using new technology to collect information that goes far beyond attendance records and test scores. Schools have used palm scanners to help students speed through
36、 cafeteria lines, and GPS or microchip (微芯片) technology to tell schools when students get on the right school buses or arrive at school, for example. L One state leading the conversation on student data privacy is Oklahoma, which in June adopted the Student Data Accessibility, Transparency and Accou
37、ntability Act establishing rules for the collection and transfer of student data by the state. “It was designed as a system of safeguards to protect student privacy,“ said state representative David Brumbaugh, a Republican, who sponsored the legislation. “It stops the release of confidential (机密的) d
38、ata to organizations outside of Oklahoma without written consent of parents or guardians. “M The law prohibits the state from releasing any student-level data without state approval, which means the education department can release only data that is aggregated and cannot be tied to any individual st
39、udent. “To my knowledge, were the only state that doesnt release student-level data,“ said Kim Richey, general counsel for the Oklahoma Department of Education. N Brumbaugh said hes heard from lawmakers around the country interested in proposing similar legislation for their states. The conservative
40、 American Legislative Exchange Council has also proposed model legislation similar to the Oklahoma bill. O Other states also have taken action on student data privacy this year: In New York, where a handful of bills related to student data privacy have been introduced in the legislature, the Senate
41、Education Committee held a series of public hearings (听证会) on topics including student privacy around a planned data collection system. Last week, state senator John Flanagan called for a one-year delay in the launch of the data collection system. The Long Island Republican urged lawmakers to streng
42、then protections for data on the statewide data portal (门户网站) and set civil and criminal penalties for violations. Georgia Governor Nathan Deal, a Republican, signed an executive order in May prohibiting the state from collecting or sharing personally identifiable data on students and prohibiting st
43、udent data from being collected for the development of commercial products or services. In October, the Alabama State Board of Education adopted a new policy on student data that allows the state to share student data with the federal government only in aggregate. The policy also calls on school dis
44、tricts to adopt their own policies on the collection and sharing of student data. Republican Governor Terry Branstad of Iowa signed an executive order in October reaffirming that student data should be collected in accordance with state and federal privacy laws and that only aggregate student data w
45、ould be provided to the federal government.（分数：20.00）(1).A study indicated that the way schools handle cloud-based services is quite unsatisfactory.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).The changes made to FERPA suggest that now student data may be exposed to a wider circle.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Some states follow Okla
46、homa and have taken some measures to deal with student data privacy.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Some states laws or policies on privacy are based on past practices and thus cant meet the present situations.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).New technology enables schools to expand the scope of information they collect.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Now states become aware that FERPA alone cannot be effective in pro
