1、大学英语四级 12及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled On English Learning. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 你认为在英语学习过程中存在的主要问题是什么？ 2. 导致这些问题的原因有哪些？ 3. 对于解决这
2、些问题，你有何建议？ （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Health Care and Epidemics (流行病) Everyone suffers from disease at some time or another. However, millions of people around the world do not have good health care. Sometimes they have no money to pay for medical treatment. Sometimes they have
3、 money, but there is no doctor. Sometimes the doctor does not know how to treat the disease, and sometimes there is no treatment. Some people are afraid of doctors. When these conditions are present in large population centers, epidemics can start. Epidemics can change history. Explorations and wars
4、 cause different groups of people to come into contact with other. They carry strange disease to each other. For example, when the Europeans first came to North and South America, they brought diseases with them that killed about 95 percent of the Native American population. People are very afraid o
5、f unknown things, especially diseases. People have all kinds of ideas about how to prevent and treat disease. Some people think that if you eat lots of onions or garlic, you won t get sick. Others say you should take huge amounts of vitamins. Scientific experiments have not proved most of these theo
6、ries. However, people still spend millions of dollars on vitamins and other probably useless treatments or preventatives. Some people want antibiotics whenever they get sick. Some antibiotics are very expensive. Much of this money is wasted because some diseases are caused by a virus. Viruses are ev
7、en smaller than bacteria, and they cause different kinds of diseases. Antibiotics are useless against viruses. Because of their fear, people can be cruel to victims of disease. Sometimes they fire them from their jobs, throw them out of their apartments, and refuse them transportation services. In t
8、he plague (瘟疫) epidemics a few hundred years ago, people simply covered the doors and windows of the victim s houses and left them to die inside, all in an effort to protect themselves from getting sick. Doctors know how most epidemic diseases spread. Some, like tuberculosis, are spread when people
9、s sneeze (喷嚏) sends the bacteria shooting out into the air. Then they enter the mouth or nose of anyone nearby. Others are spread through human contact, such as on the hands. When you are sick and blow your nose, you get viruses or bacteria on your hands. Then you touch another person s hand, and wh
10、en that person touches his or her mouth, nose, or eyes, the disease enters the body. Some diseases spread when people touch the same dishes, towels, and furniture. You can pick up a disease when you touch things in public buildings. Other diseases are spread through insects such as flies, mosquitoes
11、, and ticks. One disease that causes frequent, worldwide epidemics is influenza, or flu for short. The symptoms (症状) of influenza include headache and sometimes a runny nose. Some victims get sick to their stomachs. These symptoms are similar to symptoms of other, milder diseases. Influenza can be a
12、 much more serious disease, especially for pregnant women, people over sixty-five, and people already suffering from another disease, such as heart problems. About half of all flu patients have a high body temperature, called a fever. Flu is very contagious. One person catches the flu from another p
13、erson; it doesnt begin inside the body as heart disease does. Sometimes medicine can relieve the symptoms. That is, it can make a person cough less, make headaches less intense, and stop noses from running for a while. However, medicine can t always cure the disease. So far, there is no cure for man
14、y diseases and no medicine to prevent them. People have to try to prevent them in other ways. Some diseases can be prevented by vaccination (接种疫苗). A liquid vaccine is injected into the arm or taken by mouth and the person is safe from catching that disease. Other diseases can be prevented by good h
15、ealth habits, such as drinking only clean water, boiling water that might carry disease, and washing the hands often. Epidemics usually start in areas of large population. Poor people in big cities who live crowded together in miserable conditions have the most health problems. They often have the l
16、east education about disease prevention. For example, it is difficult for a person who has no electricity to refrigerate food or boil drinking water. With no money, the person can t even buy soap to wash his or her hands. Disease prevention costs much less than disease treatment. It seems completely
17、 illogical, but some countries like the United States spend much more health-care money on treatment for diseases than on programs to prevent disease in the first place. Most doctors and other hospital workers stay in their institutions. Only a few doctors go out into the streets of the poor areas t
18、o educate the people. Only a few doctors and some nurses vaccinate people and supervise them to make sure they take their medicine. Most people who help the poor people with their health problems are volunteers. How can you use all this information for your own good health? When someone you know bec
19、omes ill, try to avoid physical contact with that person. If you get sick yourself, keep your towel and dishes separate from everyone else s. Try not to touch things that belong to others. Don t touch other people, and don t shake hands. Explain why, however-you dont want people to think you are imp
20、olite. Wash your hands often if you are ill or if anyone around you is ill. Researchers continue searching for a way to cure or prevent epidemic diseases. Meanwhile, it is worth the money for governments to provide preventative health care for all of their people. Preventing epidemics is much cheape
21、r than stopping them after they have started and thousands of people are ill. （分数：71.00）(1).This passage is mainly about how epidemics spread and how to prevent in advance. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).When there are no efficient doctors in large population centers, epidemics start. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3)
22、.Antibiotics have no effect on diseases caused by viruses. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).In the past, epidemics spread much faster than at present. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).The symptoms of influenza are quite similar to those of other more serious diseases. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).People in remote areas who l
23、ive in miserable conditions have the most health problems. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The United States spend much more money on programs to prevent diseases than on treatment for diseases. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Besides pregnant women, people over sixty-five, Influenza can be an especially serious dise
24、ase for people 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Epidemic diseases usually spread through peoples sneeze, human contact, and 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Diseases can be prevented by means of vaccination or 1. （分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.She can do the job.B.She could call a friend.C.She
25、s just switched off the light.D.Shes already replaced the shelf.A.They want to go downtown.B.He wants to go to the park, but she doesnt.C.He doesnt know where to park the car.D.He wants to find out where the park is.A.Company and customer.B.Repairman and customer.C.Teacher and students parent.D.Wife
26、 and husband.A.She didnt like working in a company.B.She disliked machines.C.She was not good at doing business.D.She didnt like accounting.A.He has some money to buy a new car.B.He fails in borrowing enough money from the woman.C.He will spend much money on his house.D.He wants to buy a new house a
27、nd a new car.A.He had much trouble with his pronunciation.B.He began studying English too early.C.No one can understand him.D.He knew nothing about English.A.Frustration.B.Joy.C.Excitement.D.Sorrow.A.He likes to go out of town.B.He cant attend.C.He never attends novel reading.D.He isnt going out of
28、town next week.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.There arent enough cabinets.B.There is too much noise.C.Office supplies take up too much space.D.Some teaching assistants dont have desks.A.To chat with Simon socially.B.To get help in the course.C.To hand in their assignments.D.To practise giving intervie
29、ws.A.Give Simon a different office.B.Complain to the department head.C.Move the supplies to the storage room.D.Try to get a room to use for meetings.A.Her colleagues.B.Her neighbors.C.Her friends.D.Her schoolmates.A.At supper - time.B.Before Jane went to bed.C.Around eleven.D.After midnight.A.To wat
30、ch the night scenes.B.To look up at the stars.C.To clean up the roof.D.To show their visitor the view.A.Monitor students sleep patterns.B.Help students concentrate in class.C.Record students weekly performance.D.Ask students to complete a sleep report.A.Declining health.B.Lack of attention.C.Loss of
31、 motivation.D.Improper behavior.A.They should make sure their children are always punctual for school.B.They should ensure their children grow up in a healthy environment.C.They should help their children accomplish high-quality work.D.They should see to it that their children have adequate sleep.A.
32、To keep fish alive.B.To punish criminals.C.To preserve dead bodies.D.To help heal wounds.A.For making salted fish.B.For stealing salt.C.For taking salt from the kings table.D.For selling salt.A.He would lose his life.B.He would lose an ear.C.He would lose all his salt.D.He would be heavily fined.A.T
33、hree thousand years ago.B.When man began to salt fish.C.When man began to preserve the dead.D.No one knows.A.It can be used by farmers to protect large buildings.B.It was brought to the northern USA by Asian farmers.C.It has done more harm than good in the southern USA.D.It was introduced into the U
34、SA to kill harmful weeds.A.People will have to rely on kudzu for a living.B.They will soon be overgrown with kudzu.C.They will become too hard to plough.D.People will find it hard to protect the soil.A.The farmers there have brought it under control.B.The factories there have found a good use for it
35、.C.The climate there is unfavorable to its growth.D.The soil there is not so suitable for the plant.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Today I want to help you with a study reading method known as SQ3R. The letters stand for five steps in the reading (36) 1: Survey, Question, Read, Review, Recite. Each of t
36、he steps should be done carefully and in the order mentioned. In all study reading, a should be the first step. Survey means to look quickly. In study reading, you need to look quickly at , words in darker or larger print, words with (37) 2 letters, (38) 3 and charts. Dont stop to read complete sent
37、ences. Just look at the important (39) 4 of the materials. The second step is question. Try to form questions based on your . Use the question words who, what, when, where, why and how. Now you are ready for the third step. Read. You will be reading the (40) 5 and important words that you looked at
38、in the (41) 6, but this time you will read the examples and (42) 7 as well. Sometimes it is useful to take notes while you read. I have had students who (43) 8 to underline important points, and it seemed to be just as useful as note-taking. What you should do, whether you take notes or underline, i
39、s to read actively. (44) 9. The fourth step is review. Remember the questions that you wrote down before you read the material. You should be able to answer them now. (45) 10. Concentrate on those. Also review material that you did not consider in your questions. The last step is recite. (46) 11. SQ
40、3R Survey, question, read, review, and recite. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)A is for always getting to work on time. B is for being extremely busy. C is for the conscientious (勤勤恳恳的) way you do your job.
41、 You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics. Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesnt ensure career advancement. You have to b
42、e able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics - a better job, a raise, praise - many people are still unable - or unwilling - to “play the game.“ “People assume that office politics involves some manipulat
43、ive (工于心计的) behavior,“ says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “ But politics derives from the word “polite“. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting somethin
44、g in return.“ In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue ones own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environment - not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well. “The first thing
45、 people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,“ says Neil P. Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It
46、s simple human nature.“ Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承), fearful that, if they speak
47、 up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors. Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion. （分数：177.50）(1).“Office politics ( Line 2, Para. 4) is used in the passage to refer to _.（分数：35.50）A.the code of behavior for com
48、pany staffB.the political views and beliefs of office workersC.the interpersonal relationships within a companyD.the various qualities required for a successful career(2).To get promoted, one must not only be competent but _.（分数：35.50）A.give his boss a good impressionB.honest and loyal to his companyC.get along well with his colleaguesD.avoid being too outstanding(3).Why are many people unwilling to “play the game“ (Line 4, Para. 5)?（分数：35.50）A.They believe that doing so is imprac
