1、大学英语四级 188 及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.Suppose you are studying at a university which offers scholarships to those students whose average mark is over 90. Your record for the last final examination is 95, so you write a letter to apply for the scholarship. You
2、 should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline.（分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)A Mystery in the Lunchbox Hungry? Sit down. Were having catfish, corn on the cob, baked potatoes and fresh tomatoes. This might turn out to be the most nutritious mea
3、l of your life. It might even be the best-tasting dinner you ever had. On the other hand, it might induce an allergic (过敏性的) reaction even though you are not allergic to any of these foods. Different Opinions about Biotechnology (生物工程) Products Last weeks announcement that the U.S. federal governmen
4、t would impose no special regulations on bioengineered foods, in effect permitting them to be marketed exactly like natures own, proclaims a potentially vast change in our food supply. “We will not compromise safety one bit,“ Vice President Dan Quayle told the press. “And consumers will enjoy better
5、, healthier food products at lower prices.“ Many specialists in biotechnology agree in fact, they see consumers around the world benefiting from a new, genetically-engineered green revolution but critics are urging the government to move ahead more cautiously. “We should have learned from the histor
6、y of regulating pesticides (杀虫剂) that we never knew the long-term consequences until it was too late,“ says Ellen Haas, executive director of Public Voice for Food and Healthy Policy, a Washington D.C.-based advocacy group. The Food and Drug Administration maintains that most bioengineered foods pre
7、sent no special safety issues. “Were saying this is just another plant-breeding technique,“ says Eric Flamm, deputy director of the FDAs Office of Biotechnology. How Does Recombination of DNA Work? Heres how bioengineering works: all cells contain DNA, the long molecule (分子) shaped like a double hel
8、ix (螺旋). A gene is a swatch (样本) of DNA that controls a certain characteristic of the organism. In the 1970s scientists discovered they could clip off a gene-length swatch from a DNA molecule, and later they learned to affix (固定) it to a different DNA molecule a cut-and-paste job that became known a
9、s gene splicing and results in whats called recombinant DNA. Immediately, visions of carrots with the flavor of peanut butter began dancing in the imaginations of scientists and food writers alike. But most current experiments are less exotic (异乎寻常的). In many ways the new technology differs little f
10、rom traditional crossbreeding. One Product of Bioengineered Technology The first example of recombinant DNA in a form suitable for lunch makes its debut (首次露面) next summer: the Flavr Savr tomato. Scientists at Calgene, Inc., a biotech company based in Davis, California, isolated the gene in the toma
11、to that triggers the enzyme (酶) responsible for rotting and rendered it inactive. Rather man having to be picked hard and green for easy shipping, the tomatoes stay on the vine about five days longer than usual. They can be shipped* without refrigeration, which also helps retain flavor, and theyll r
12、esist rotting for more man three weeks, twice as long as their conventionally grown cousins. They arent perfect: like other supermarket tomatoes theyre grown with pesticides, they may be waxed, and they still lack the last three to five days of vine-ripening that homegrown tomatoes enjoy. Sampled at
13、 Calgenes headquarters, the Flavr Savr tasted fine; whether consumers still find it worth a dollar more per pound remains to be seen. Developing Pest Resistant Plant Several companies are hard at work on plants that will repel (抵制) pests (害虫). Monsanto, a St. Louis, Missouri, chemical company, expec
14、ts to put many such products on the market before the end of the decade. The weapon of choice is Bacillus thuringiensis, or BT, a soil-dwelling bacterium (细菌) that creates a protein crystal that is toxic to certain insects but harmless digested by humans. BT has been used for 30 years as an organic
15、pesticide. Scientists can transfer the gene for the toxin into plant cells, and the new plants will produce their own insecticides. Like traditional insecticides, however, these may simply spur the creation of new, more resistant pests. According to Belknap, the solution will be to splice several to
16、xins into a given plant, thus lessening the potential for insects to develop resistance (or inviting the birth of some pretty amazing insects). One Member of the Herbicide (除草剂) Family, and Its Problems Monsanto is also developing herbicide-resistant plants, specifically Roundup-resistant plants. Ro
17、undup is one of Monsantos most lucrative (获利的) products, a herbicide with sales of a billion dollars a year. It has been recognized as noncarcinogenic (非致癌的) by the Environmental Protection Agency, though its toxic to fish. Roundup is used as a weed-killer, but it will kill everything else it touche
18、s in the field, so farmers have had to apply it carefully. Now, however, Monsanto can isolate the enzyme in, say, corn, that is fatally vulnerable to Roundup. A corn plant engineered to have twice as much of that enzyme can lose a chunk of it to Roundup and still survive. Critics charge that this te
19、chnology simply invites fanners to use more Roundup. Good News for the Business but Consumers Are Entitled to Know What They Are Eating Its not surprising that biotechnology companies were delighted by the FDAs green light. Environmentalists and other consumer advocates dont claim the new foods are
20、unsafe by definition, but they do call for tougher scrutiny (监督) than the FDA believes is necessary. “The regulations do a lot more to protect the industry than they do to protect the American consumers, “says Rebecca Goldburg, a senior scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund, an advocacy group.
21、 “The public has a right to know whats in its food.“ Its Up to the Biotechnology Industry, not FDA Goldbury and other critics are especially concerned about potential allergens that may be hiding in new products an orange touched up with a gene from a cherry, for instance. The FDA requires no specia
22、l testing or labeling unless the new food is substantially different from its traditional version. A new food containing a “common allergen“ would also have to be labeled, but as examples of common allergens the FDA suggests only eggs, milk, fish, shellfish, tree nuts, wheat and other legumes. The t
23、ruth is, almost any food is an allergen (过敏源) to someone. According to the FDA, its up to the biotechnology industry to police itself on potential allergens. “If you move a gene, you have to prove it not allergenic or you will have to label it,“ says Flamm. There Are Better Ways to Produce Food than
24、 Using Biotechnological Methods Other critics are uneasy about making such dramatic changes with such speed. “We ought to be testing these changes in large populations over large periods of time,“ says Greg Drescher, a director of Old-ways Preservation the eating of meals that included meat, bread,
25、and vegetables served on separate plates; and the use of private toilets. They began to build their houses with separate rooms to (52) 6 guestsliving rooms, separate bedrooms for sleeping, separate work areaskitchen, laundry room, and separate bathroom. In Mexico, the meaning and organization of dom
26、estic space is (53) 7 different. Houses are organized around a patio (天井，院子), or courtyard. Rooms open onto the patio, where all kinds of (54) 8 activities take place. Individuals do not have separate bedrooms. Children often sleep with parents, and brothers or sisters (55) 9 a bed, emphasizing fami
27、lial interdependence. Rooms in Mexican houses are locations for multiple activities that, (56) 10, are rigidly separated in the United States. Word Bank A) entertain B) as long as C) reflects D) shift E) domestic F) bring G) style H) organization I) professional J) in contrast K) strikingly L) recor
28、ds M) share N) performance O) individualism （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Cloze (15 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Human beings act in a different way from that of animals just because they can speak while animals cannot. Even the cleverest animals cannot
29、 do things which to us seem very 【B1】 and which small children, as soon as they learn to 【B2】 , would be able to do. A German scientist, who made 【B3】 for many years with big apes, found that his apes could use sticks as 【B4】 to pull down bananas which they could not 【B5】 . But they 【B6】 used the st
30、ick to get the banana when both the stick and the banana were in 【B7】 at the same time. 【B8】 the banana was in front of them and the stick was 【B9】 them, they could 【B10】 use the stick. They could not bear the 【B11】 in mind long enough to look 【B12】 and pick up the stick and then use it. The 【B13】 f
31、or this is clear. 【B14】 have words for banana and stick which 【B15】 us to think about these when they are not in 【B16】 . Even a small child knowing the words “banana“ and “stick“ has an 【B17】 of their relationship and is able to think of “stick“ together with “banana“ and to 【B18】 this long enough t
32、o pick the stick from behind and use it on the banana. Unable to speak, animals cannot 【B19】 their knowledge of things for long. That is 【B20】 they often interrupt one line of action to do something else and later forget it completely. Human beings, on the other hand, use language and are able to go
33、 after one thing continuously and do it with a clear aim. （分数：71.00）A.unusualB.funnyC.simpleD.difficultA.talkB.eatC.walkD.pickA.discoveriesB.experimentC.speechesD.mistakesA.ifB.usualC.laddersD.toolsA.seeB.eatC.reachD.pullA.evenB.onlyC.hadntD.didntA.treesB.handsC.viewD.mindA.ButB.UnlessC.IfD.EvenA.be
34、hindB.beforeC.besideD.beyondA.alsoB.notC.easilyD.possiblyA.bananaB.stickC.loadD.ideaA.aroundB.upC.forwardD.overA.questionB.reasonC.resultD.methodA.YouB.TheyC.WeD.IA.attractB.teachC.requireD.helpA.permissionB.orderC.controlD.sightA.abilityB.aimC.eagernessD.ideaA.chooseB.rememberC.sufferD.walkA.studyB
35、.leaveC.keepD.remainA.whatB.becauseC.whyD.possible十、Translation (5 minu(总题数：5，分数：177.50)4.Having returned to the village, Li Yu felt_ (自己好比是住进了监牢里).（分数：35.50）_5._(这封信是否反映了) how you really feel?（分数：35.50）_6. Many big cities in the world_(正面临淡水资源短缺).（分数：35.50）_7.Thousands of English words _ (源自拉丁文). （
36、分数：35.50）_8.Driving after drinking alcohol is_ (自讨苦吃)（分数：35.50）_大学英语四级 188 答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.Suppose you are studying at a university which offers scholarships to those students whose average mark is over 90. Your record for the last final examination
37、 is 95, so you write a letter to apply for the scholarship. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline.（分数：30.00）_正确答案：( Applying for Scholarship Dear Sir, I learn from my teacher that our university will award scholarship to those students who have passe
38、d the last find examination with an average mark of over ninety. From the university register, you will find that my record for the last final examination is 95.I think I am entitled to one portion of the scholarship. My family being poor, it is as much as father could do to support me at university
39、. On this point, I should like to refer you to Mr. Wang Ling, my classmate and neighbor. The scholarship will obviously relieve my family of a heavy burden and better my future prosperity. Yours respectfully, Wu Mingming )解析：二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)A Mystery in the Lunchbox Hungry? Sit
40、 down. Were having catfish, corn on the cob, baked potatoes and fresh tomatoes. This might turn out to be the most nutritious meal of your life. It might even be the best-tasting dinner you ever had. On the other hand, it might induce an allergic (过敏性的) reaction even though you are not allergic to a
41、ny of these foods. Different Opinions about Biotechnology (生物工程) Products Last weeks announcement that the U.S. federal government would impose no special regulations on bioengineered foods, in effect permitting them to be marketed exactly like natures own, proclaims a potentially vast change in our
42、 food supply. “We will not compromise safety one bit,“ Vice President Dan Quayle told the press. “And consumers will enjoy better, healthier food products at lower prices.“ Many specialists in biotechnology agree in fact, they see consumers around the world benefiting from a new, genetically-enginee
43、red green revolution but critics are urging the government to move ahead more cautiously. “We should have learned from the history of regulating pesticides (杀虫剂) that we never knew the long-term consequences until it was too late,“ says Ellen Haas, executive director of Public Voice for Food and Hea
44、lthy Policy, a Washington D.C.-based advocacy group. The Food and Drug Administration maintains that most bioengineered foods present no special safety issues. “Were saying this is just another plant-breeding technique,“ says Eric Flamm, deputy director of the FDAs Office of Biotechnology. How Does
45、Recombination of DNA Work? Heres how bioengineering works: all cells contain DNA, the long molecule (分子) shaped like a double helix (螺旋). A gene is a swatch (样本) of DNA that controls a certain characteristic of the organism. In the 1970s scientists discovered they could clip off a gene-length swatch
46、 from a DNA molecule, and later they learned to affix (固定) it to a different DNA molecule a cut-and-paste job that became known as gene splicing and results in whats called recombinant DNA. Immediately, visions of carrots with the flavor of peanut butter began dancing in the imaginations of scientists and food writers alike. But most current experiments are less exotic (异乎寻常的). In many ways the new technology differs little from traditional crossbreeding. One Product of Bioengineered Technology The first example of recombinant DNA in a form sui
