1、大学英语四级 198及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic Private Cars in Ordinary Chinese Families. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline. 1. 小轿车开始进入越来越多的中国普通家庭。
2、2. 对这一社会现象人们的两种截然相反的观点。 3. 我的看法。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Why Dont Girls Think Like Boys? Do you believe that only boys do well in science? Does it seem to you that girls have better vocabularies than boys? In your opinion, are boys better at building things? If your answer t
3、o each of those questions is “Yes“, you are right, according to an article in Current Science. There are exceptions, but here are the facts. On the average, males score higher on tests that measure mathematical reasoning, mechanical ability, and problem-solving skills. Females show superior ability
4、in tests measuring vocabulary, spelling and memory. But these differences will probably not always exist. In the future, a persons abilities may not be determined by sex. As one scientist says, “Nothing is impossible for a person to be or do.“ In several recent studies, young babies have been observ
5、ed and tested to discover how different abilities are developed. A scientific team headed by Jerome Kanga, a psychologist at Harvard University, is studying the thinking ability of children 11 months old. The test is a simple one. The baby, while seated on its mothers lap watches “show“ on a small t
6、heater stage. In act 1 of the show, an orange-colored block is lifted from a blue box and moved slowly across the stage. Then it is returned to the box. This is repeated six times. Act 2 is similar, except that the orange block is smaller, but girls immediately become excited and begin to make noise
7、s that sound like language. They seem to be trying to talk. It is known that bones, muscles, and nerves develop faster in baby girls. Usually, too, baby girls talk at an earlier age than boys do. Scientists think there is a physical reason for this. They believe that the nerve endings in the left si
8、de of the brain influences an individuals ability to use words, to spell, and to remember things. By the time they start to school, therefore, little girls have an advantage that boys do not have. Girls are physically more ready to remember facts, to spell, and to read. There, of course, are skills
9、that are important in elementary school. But what have the boys been doing in the years before starting school? They have been developing something called aggression. An aggressive person has courage and energy. He feels strong and independent. He is often the first one to start a fight. What produc
10、es aggression in little boys? It has long been assumed that aggression is caused by male hormones. Scientists today believe that male hormones are not the only part of the explanation, however. They say aggressiveness in boys is also caused by mothers. A team of psychologists discovered this by plac
11、ing mothers and their one-year-old babies in a room filled with toys. The room had a wall through which the scientists could observe what happened without being seen. They took notes on everything the mothers and babies did. Here is a sample of those notes, taken during the observation of a baby boy
12、 and his mother: “Baby leans against mother. Looks up at her, she speaks to him. She turns him around. He walks away, picks up a toy cat, Goes to mother drops the cat, and leans against her. Looks up at her, she turns him around.“ From such observations and from conversations with mother, the scient
13、ists learned something about the treatment of baby boys and baby girls. While the mother keeps her daughter close to her, she unconsciously trains her son to move away from her, to develop independence, and to explore his surroundings. She trains him to become aggressive and to be a problem solver.
14、Consequently, it is easy to understand why little girls often perform school tasks more satisfactorily than boys, especially if the task requires sitting still, obeying few grades. While boys of her age bring home low marks, the girl may easily get good grades. Girls seem to have “better brains“ in
15、school. Why, then, do so few girls become great scientists? Why is the most important thinking in adult society done by men? According to scientists, the answer is aggression. Because boys are aggressive, they refuse to accept other peoples solutions: they insist upon solving problems for themselves
16、. Thus, while little girls are getting high marks in school for remembering what the teacher had told them, little boys are learning to think in more independent ways. In the adult world, the aggressive person is usually the one who gets the big salary, the great responsibility, the powerful job. An
17、d since males are trained at an early age to be aggressive, males are more often chosen for key positions. Many people believe this situation is wrong. They think women could be successful in science and industry if their early training included some “aggression lessons,“ if they were rewarded for i
18、ndependence and problem-solving, as boys are. Furthermore, some psychologists believe that boys may get too much training in aggression. Perhaps little boys should be permitted to learn more on their mothers. It might make them more gentler. The world needs gentleness as much as aggressive strength.
19、 （分数：71.00）(1).It is usually the case that girls learn better in vocabularies than boys.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Sex will not always determine a persons ability.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).In the show mentioned above, baby boys seem to notice the difference in the size of the block earlier than the girl ba
20、bes.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).The nerve endings in the lift side of the brain develop faster in boys than in girls.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Male hormones are not the only reason that boys are aggressive.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).In scientists observation, the mother trains her son to develop independence co
21、nsciously.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Teachers tend to like girls because they can get better grades and accept the teachers ideas faster.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).According to scientists, boys insist upon 1and they refuse to accept other peoples solutions which teach them to think in more independent ways.
22、（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Many people believe that 1and problem solving will make women successful in science and industry.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).According to the author, the world needs gentleness as mush as 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He picked these strawberries himself.B.He
23、 chose the freshest strawberries.C.The strawberries were displayed outside Baileys market.D.The market had just sold the last strawberries.A.Ate breakfast quickly.B.Came late to an appointment.C.Skipped breakfast.D.Waited in line.A.In room 301.B.Next door to room 301.C.On another floor.D.In another
24、building.A.It was sad.B.It was believable.C.It was boring.D.It was funny.A.The woman feels sorry for the man.B.The man is a member of the staff.C.The area is for passengers only.D.The woman is asking the man to leave.A.The rent is too high.B.He cant afford the high taxes.C.He doesnt want to live in
25、the suburbs.D.Its too far away from his office.A.He wants to make an appointment with Mr. Smith.B.He wants to make sure that Mr. Smith will see him.C.He wants to change the time of the appointment.D.He wants the woman to meet him at three oclock.A.The man bought a lot of books.B.There wasnt a large
26、selection at the bookstore.C.She didnt like the books the man bought.D.She wanted to see what the man thought.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Global warming.B.Humans actions.C.Industry pollution.D.Weather changes.A.Because she has experienced an extremely cold winter.B.Because she has not heard any dis
27、cussion about it.C.Because she doesnt think things are getting worse.D.Because she knows that man has done a lot about it.A.Peoples unawareness about global warming.B.Flooding in the Indian coast.C.Changes in the global weather system.D.Pollution and deforestation.A.The handbag is brown.B.The handba
28、g has a flap over the top.C.The handbag is a shoulder bag.D.The handbag is not made of leather.A.Her driving license.B.Her money.C.Her passport.D.Her address book.A.At the reception desk.B.In the brasserie.C.In her room.D.At the hotel bank.A.An account of a school for blind boys.B.A description of a
29、 French village.C.A story about a clever blind little boy.D.The education of the blind boys.A.By smelling them.B.By touching them.C.By recognizing their voices.D.By remembering the description of them.A.In 1891.B.In 1821.C.In 1819.D.In 1812.A.Televisions bad effects on the young.B.Televisions bad ef
30、fects on society in general.C.The history of television.D.The good sides of television.A.Children do not know whether TV shows are true or not.B.Children can tell that some programs are real and some are not.C.Children know clearly that TV shows present an unreal world.D.Children dont care whether o
31、r not TV shows are real.A.About 625 days.B.About 700 days.C.About 750 days.D.About 500 days.A.Production of TV sets will be stopped due to its bad effects.B.The number of TV sets will remain the same in the future.C.Television will still be in use for all its shortcomings.D.Television must stay wher
32、e it is now.A.To regain their memory.B.To show off their wealth.C.To feel good.D.To be different from others.A.To play games with them.B.To send them to the hospital.C.To make them aware of its harmfulness.D.To help solve their psychological problem.A.They are fond of round-the-world trips.B.They ar
33、e likely to commit crimes.C.They are mostly from broken families.D.They need care and affection.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you are a young college student, most of your concerns about your health and happiness in life are probably(S1) 1 on the present. Basically, you want to feel good physically,
34、 mentally, and(S2) 2 now. You probably dont spend much time worrying about the(S3) 3 future, such as whether you will develop heart disease, or (S4) 4, how you will take care of yourself in your (S5) 5 years, or how long you are going to live. Such thoughts may have (S6) 6 your mind once in a while,
35、 however, If you are in your thirties, forties, fifties, or older, such health related thoughts are likely to become (S7) 7important to you. (S8) 8 that will help you feel better physically and mentally. Recently researchers have found that, even in late adulthood, exercise, strength training with w
36、eights, and better food can help elderly individuals significantly improve their health and add happiness to their life. (S9) 9 giving us the opportunity to avoid some of the health problems that have troubled them. (S10) 10.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空
37、项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)I was 13 when Benji came into our lives. With his deep brown eyes, floppy ears and cheerful disposition, he was my constant companion throughout my teenage years. We would play together in the garden, and take long walks over the hills behind the house and
38、 being a dog, he seemed to have a sympathy for my problems that went deeper than words could express. He was my best friend. Benji left us about 15 years ago for that great kennel in the sky. But recently Ive been thinking about him a lot. Was he really conscious? Could any animal have consciousness
39、 like we do? Does it matter whether animals are conscious or not? For many, it is a matter of life and death. On the one hand, animal research has helped prevent some of the most pressing human diseases, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, “mad cow“ disease, malaria, cystic fibrosis and emphysema. O
40、n the other hand, this research is performed largely on chimps, our closest nonhuman relatives, with whom we share 98.4% of our genetic material, and great apes, with whom we are similarly biologically close. Some people feel this connection is strong enough to warrant special treatment. An internat
41、ional group called the Great Ape Project is lobbying the United Nations to adopt a declaration on the rights of great apes modeled on the UN declaration On the Rights of Man. The group believes that apes are “conscious“ and so deserve legal protection of their right to life and freedom from imprison
42、ment and torture. If great apes were shown to have consciousness or something like our own, I would consider it among the scientific discoveries of the century. I would then agree with the Australian philosopher and founder of the animal rights movement, Peter Singer, that per forming medical experi
43、ments on chimps would be like experimenting on orphan children. Thats a pretty chilling thought, and no amount of human suffering saved could justify such an action. But before we close down the laboratories and stop searching for a vaccine against AIDS, we had better take a long hard look at the ev
44、idence for ape consciousness. （分数：177.50）(1).Why does the author bring up the example of Benji?（分数：35.50）A.To show that animals have consciousness.B.To raise the question of animal consciousness.C.Because Benji was his best friend.D.To illustrate the differences between dogs and chimps.(2).What most
45、 likely happened to Benji about 15 years ago?（分数：35.50）A.He ran away.B.He became conscious.C.He died.D.He was the authors best friend.(3).Some people feel that apes should be given special treatment because.（分数：35.50）A.they are genetically similar to humansB.they can help final a cure for “mad cow“
46、diseaseC.they possess a consciousness superior to humansD.they are treated poorly by scientists(4).The Great Ape Project believes that apes deserve legal protection because.（分数：35.50）A.they are very much like humansB.they are conscious of thingsC.they are natural animals and should be protectedD.the
47、y are free from imprisonment ad torture(5).What does the author think about experimenting on apes?（分数：35.50）A.It should be stopped.B.It should not be stopped unless apes are shown to have a consciousness like our own.C.The medical advances gained are outweighed by the suffering of the apes.D.It is a
48、kin to experimenting on orphan children.Not many of the elements occur in nature as pure substances, lying around waiting for someone to pick them up. A few do, and it is not surprising that these were known and collected for various uses in societies around the globe as far back as several thousand years B. C. Sulfur is one of those elements. It was known to burn with smelly results and have an odd appearance. Its use was probably confined to religious ceremonies. Carbon was also known since antiquity, because the charred (烧焦的) b
