1、大学英语四级 221 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, suppose you are the Chairperson of the Student Union at your university. Write a welcome speech to the new students at your university. You should write no more than 120 words following the outline given be
2、low in Chinese: 1. 表示欢迎； 2. 介绍学校的有关情况(如图书馆、饭厅和体育活动场所等)； 3. 遇到困难该如何解决。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)In the United States, the items on a typical dinner plate have traveled between 1,500 and 2,500 miles to get there. That distance has increased by as much as 25 percent over the las
3、t 20 years an increase that comes with a series of consequences for food, farmers, consumers, local economies and even the global climate. Starting last fall on Tufts Medford/ Somerville campus, students had the chance to lower the overall mileage(里程)of their lunches when the dining hall offered app
4、les grown in nearby Topsfield, Mass. Part of the Harvest Food Festival, the “make-your-own-caramel (饴糖) -apple“ display featured (特出展示) six different locally grown apple varieties. The popular Tufts Dining Services program was part of ongoing efforts to increase the amount of local produce (农产品) ava
5、ilable on Tufts campuses. Friedman School Ph.D. student Melissa Bailey is one of those devoted to the cause. Combining her interests in sustainable agriculture and public policy, Bailey took it upon herself to breathe new life into the Tufts Food Awareness Project, a group launched by Tufts graduate
6、 students in the 1990s to raise awareness about the environmental, social and health issues connected to food production. “It was a great start, and there had been a lot of student backing and interest,“ Bailey says. “But when the students graduate, the idea sort of graduates with them if its not in
7、stitutionalized as part of the community.“ So Bailey joined forces with Julie Lampie, nutrition marketing specialist for Dining Services, in whom she found an enthusiastic ally, and secured a grant from the Tufts Institute for the Environment to pay graduate students Bryanna Millis and Georgia Kayse
8、r to work on the project. Together, the team works to raise awareness, solve problems and forge partnerships among the primary players: Tufts chefs, major food distributors and local farmers. Bailey and Lampie who work on the project mainly as a labor of love also seek to raise awareness among the s
9、tudent body to the point where student demand drives the addition of local produce to Tufts menus. On caramel apple night, their outreach (达到的范围) took the form of informational posters about the Connemara House Apple Farm and Guinee family who plant and tend the apple trees. They also described the
10、personal and global benefits of eating locally grown produce. “Of course the students loved making caramel apples, but it also gave them an education,“ Bailey says. “Its not up to me to make an ethical appeal to them, but they need to have the information to be able to make an informed choice.“ From
11、 farm to fork What are the benefits of buying local? Obviously, produce making the trip from Topsfield to Medford requires less sossil (化石) fuel to get it from farm to dining hall than apples grown in Washington State. Using less gasoline means reducing the amount of greenhouse gases released into t
12、he atmosphere. Shorter trips also require less energy-consuming refrigeration and waste-producing packaging. Some experts estimate that globe-travelling produce can require up to four times as much energy as an equivalent amount of local food and account for four times the greenhouse gas emissions (
13、释放) . Then theres the amount of energy, water, pesticides and fertilizers that go into raising produce. “If you grow things that are suited to your climate locally,“ Bailey explains, “you might not need as many of these inputs on the front end to grow things.“ Since the terrorist attacks of Septembe
14、r 11,2001, homeland security experts have even noted that food is more vulnerable to sabotage (破坏) the longer the distance from farm to fork. Recent decades have witnessed the rise of centralized, corporate agriculture; just 10 multinational companies produce more than half of the products available
15、 in the average supermarket. That puts the nations food supply at greater risk for contamination (污染) whether intentional or unintentional, as with mad cow disease or E.coli outbreaks. Similarly, if the nations transportation systems were ever disabled, many cities and towns would run out of food wi
16、thin a day or two. But as the interest in consuming locally grown produce blossoms, the number of farmers markets in the United States has doubled in the last decade. That means a safer and more constant food supply for people lucky enough to live near these 3,100 markets. The Worldwatch Institute e
17、stimates consumers are spending some $1 billion annually at local fanners markets, pouring that money into their regional economies. A large institution like Tufts buying locally grown produce is a boom to the Massachusetts economy. “The local farms will increasingly benefit, given the volume that w
18、e use,“ Bailey says. “The Guinees love farming apples, and they just saw this as a great community partnership.“ But even those of us who dont always think quite so globally still have reason to choose locally grown foods. Many varieties of fruits and veggies have actually been bred for features tha
19、t will help them survive the trip, not necessarily enhance their flavor. Double-blind taste tests show people simply find local foods fresher, tastier and more appealing. Bailey says that Tufts dining staff have been enthusiastic partners, too, rising to the creative challenge of creating menus base
20、d solely on whats locally available. “The chefs Julie Lampie works with were great,“ she says. “They came up with new recipes (食谱) using local butternut squash to make soups.“ Winter of our discontent With all the attractive reasons to serve local foods in Tufts dining halls, there is one, long, col
21、d problem. “The limitation is the winter, basically,“ Lampie laments. “There is so little available for the majority of the school year, which is really frustrating. The California schools have a huge advantage.“ In New England, the growing season is short. From June through September, Massachusetts
22、 farmers produce everything from apples to watermelons. But after September, only Octobers apples, cranberries, cabbages, potatoes and squashes remain for chefs to work with until early veggies like asparagus come up in the spring. “The next step would be twofold: One, to find out what the earliest
23、produce would be and when we could get them, and, two, give the chefs time to prepare,“ Bailey says. “Its up to them to integrate the information into their menus, but we need to provide it first.“ Another issue is food preparation. When foods like potatoes or butternut squash come from national ven
24、dors, they arrive in cans pre-peeled (预先削皮的) and cubed (切成方块的) . Lettuce often arrives washed, chopped or shredded. Industry insiders call these prepped and ready-to-go bulk foods “value-added.“ But neither the local farms nor Tufts has the labor and facilities to process, say, Maine potatoes this w
25、ay. “For Tufts, the labor costs of having the staff peel hundreds of potatoes,“ Bailey says, “its just not feasible (可行的) .“ “Thats something were investigating. Maybe it should be a student job to pick up the produce once a week and bring it to the dining facility,“ says Bailey. “There are obstacle
26、s, but I think there are lots of opportunities to overcome those obstacles when you consider the resources we have at Tufts.“ （分数：71.00）(1).The article is about how people in the United States have to travel about 1,500 to 2,500 miles to get the typical dinner plates.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Bailey ha
27、s secured a grant to encourage the Tufts chefs to increase the amount of local produce on Tufts campuses.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Buying local food means the consumption of less energy and less green house gas emissions.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Americas food supply is exposed to great danger.（分数：7.10）A.
28、YB.NC.NG(5).Consumers spending on the local food can help to boost the local economy.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).If you dont care about the connection between food production and global environment, you dont have enough reason to buy locally grown food.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Tufts school will get the sta
29、ff in the cafeteria to give the added-value to the local produce.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Tufts Food Awareness Project was launched to raise awareness about_ connected to food production.（分数：7.10）_(9).Bailey thinks the posters they give can provide students with the necessary information for them to m
30、ake a sensible food choice, and she doesnt want to make_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The chefs in the Tufts cafeteria have put forward new recipes based_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Steves directions are not clear.B.It will be impossible for them to go camping.C.Shes been to the campground
31、many times.D.Steve has no idea how to get to the campground.A.Hes never played professional basketball.B.Hes never seen a professional basketball game in person.C.He seldom watches television.D.He plans to attend a professional basketball game soon.A.When she will answer the questions.B.Where she dr
32、ove.C.What kind of car she has.D.Why she asked so many questions.A.He should have left after 2 hours.B.His roommate should have seen the doctor too.C.Hes exaggerating the length of the wait.D.His roommate cant always be believed.A.Read an article on political science.B.Read more than one article.C.P
33、resent a different theory to the class.D.Choose a better article to read.A.Hes better.B.Hes feeling worse.C.Hes sick in bed.D.He has recovered.A.He will return from Paris in two weeks.B.He is studying French in Paris.C.He is having a vacation in Paris.D.He is planning to go back to Paris in a year.A
34、.The man went to Australia during Christmas.B.The man visited Australia during the summer vacation.C.They didnt have a good time because of the different weather.D.He remained home while his parents went to see his uncle.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.He was crazy.B.They thought he was dead.C.He had m
35、any broken bones.D.He fell out of a plane.A.On a plane.B.On television.C.On the ground.D.In a hospital.A.The plane crashed to the ground.B.His two parachutes didnt open.C.He fell down while walking.D.A parachute fell on him.A.He died.B.He jumped from a plane again.C.He broke his leg.D.He went crazy.
36、A.Luck and success.B.Gatess secret to success.C.Gatess college education.D.Gates and Microsoft.A.Good luck.B.His hard work.C.His friend Paul.D.Good timing.A.It always puts the needs of customers first.B.It always keeps pace with the latest development.C.It should put his attitudes and approaches to
37、work.D.Luck, hard work and his friendship with Paul are essential to Microsoft.A.He ascribes success to his college education.B.He feels very sorry for not finishing college.C.He has no objection to his college education.D.He thinks it good to drop out of college in time.A.Gold was discovered.B.The
38、Transcontinental Railroad was completed.C.The Golden Gate Bridge was constructed.D.Telegraph communications were established with the East.A.Two million.B.Three million.C.Five million.D.Six million.A.Nineteen million dollars.B.Thirty-two million dollars.C.Thirty-seven million dollars.D.Forty-two mil
39、lion dollars.A.Huge increase in the number of public relations companies.B.Shrinking cultural differences.C.New communications technologies.D.PR efforts in other countries.A.Because British companies are more ambitious than US companies.B.Because British companies place more importance on PR than US
40、 companies.C.Because British companies are heavily involved in planning activities.D.Because four of the worlds top PR agencies are British-owned.A.The Wall Street Journal.B.The Financial Times.C.The Economist.D.The Observer.A.They are interested in other kinds of reading.B.They are active in volunt
41、ary services.C.They tend to be low in education and in income.D.They live in isolated areas.A.The reasons why people dont read newspapers are more complicated than assumed.B.There are more uneducated people among the wealthy than originally expected.C.The number of newspaper readers is steadily incr
42、easing.D.There are more non-readers among young people nowadays.A.Lowering the prices of their newspapers.B.Shortening their news stories.C.Adding variety to their newspaper content.D.Including more advertisements in their newspapers.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Women are, on the whole, more verbal th
43、an men. They are good at language and at reasoning, while men (36) 1to be better at tasks (37) 2visual-spatial abilities. Words are tools for (38) 3with other people and they are mainly verbal tools. Visual and spatial (39) 4are tools for (40) 5 and manipulating objects and helping information about
44、 them. Are these (41) 6 into the brain? It has been suggested that when it comes to the brain, (42) 7are specialists while women are (43) 8. But no one knows that, if anything, this means in terms of the of the two sexes. (44 ) 9. But women become just as skilled as men at shooting a rifle or drivin
45、g a car, tasks that involve visual-spatial skills. (45) 10. Women do, however, seem less likely to fall in love with the objects themselves. We all know men for whom machines seem to be extensions of their identity.(46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
46、 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)American travelers plan to take 10 million more trips this summer than last, despite increases in hotel rates, airfare, car-rental costs and gasoline prices. Thanks to high consumer confidence, people will travel more often, stay longer and spend mor
47、e money on their vacations this year. “Its going to be a record travel season,“ says Jason Ader, a senior analyst with in vestment bank Bear, Stearns just 10 multinational companies produce more than half of the products available in the average supermarket. That puts the nations food supply at greater risk for contamination (污染) whether intentional or unintentional, as with mad cow disease or E.coli outbreaks. Similarly, if the nations transportation systems were ever disabled, many cities and towns would run out of food within a day or
