1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 395 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Bodybuilding supplements have become quite common to almost everybody. There are varieties of nutritional supplements that many people take to compensate for the 1 of minerals, vitamins and oth
2、er essential nutrients. These supplements help in gaining weight and building muscle along with many other benefits associated with the bodybuilding regime (养生之道). Time has changed and the 2 of people also have changed. Earlier, people used to consume balanced diets and proper healthy food such as f
3、resh vegetables, fruit, milk, fish, eggs, etc. But 3 , we face the lack of time, and it is not always possible to 4 the healthy eating habits and balanced diets all the time. Therefore, the fitness-concerned people are turning towards the supplements to maintain their bodybuilding nutrition. In fact
4、, 5 the right nutrition supplements for bodybuilding can be quite confusing. On the television, Internet, and hoardings (广告牌) and in various places, we will find ads of 6 bodybuilding supplements and therefore, it can be 7 to decide on the right one. It is always better to 8 a fitness expert and get
5、 the appropriate supplements. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the usefulness of the nutritional supplements for bodybuilding. Many people believe that there cannot be any 9 for right balanced diet, which is very true. But considering the busy life schedule that we keep in the present t
6、ime, the nutrition bodybuilding supplements provide is of good help. There is no 10 in taking these supplements in small doses, and it also helps to fight many diseases. However, it is important to consult a professional and then get into the supplements program according to his or her suggestions.
7、A. alternative I. habits B. amazing J. harm C. confront K. influence D. confusing L. maintain E. consult M. obviously F. consuming N. presently G. deficiency O. selecting H. different（分数：30.00）三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Wired for Distraction: Kids and Social Media?A. Most parents who worry about the
8、ir kids“ online activity focus on the people or content their children might encounter: Are they being cyberbullied? Do they have access to age-inappropriate material? Can sexual predators (捕食者) reach them? What I worry about, as a sociobiologist, is not what my kids are doing on the Internet but wh
9、at all this connectivity is doing to their brains. Scientific evidence increasingly suggests that, amid all the texting, poking and surfing, our children“s digital lives are turning them into much different creatures from usand not necessarily for the better. B. For starters, there is the problem of
10、 what some researchers refer to as continuous partial attention, a term coined by former Microsoft executive Linda Stone. We know the dangers of texting or talking on the phone while operating a motor vehiclebut what about when forming a brain? A Kaiser Family Foundation report found that on average
11、, children aged 8 to 18 spend 7 hours and 38 minutes a day using entertainment media. And if you count each content stream separatelya lot of kids, for example, text while watching TVthey are logging almost 11 hours of media usage a day. C. You (or your children) might think the people who have had
12、the most practice dealing with distractions would be the most adept (熟练的) at multitasking. But a 2009 study found that when extraneous information was presented, participants who (on the basis of their answers to a study questionnaire) did a lot of media multitasking performed worse on a test than t
13、hose who don“t do much media multitasking. In the test, a trio of Stanford University researchers showed college students an image of a bunch of rectangles (矩形) in various orientations (方向) and asked them to focus on a couple of red ones in particular. Then the students were shown a second, very sim
14、ilar image and asked if the red rectangles had been rotated. The heavy media multitaskers were wrong more oftenbecause, the study concluded, they are more sensitive to distracting stimuli than light media multitaskers are. D. We have separate circuits, it turns out, for top-down focusi.e., when we s
15、et our mind to concentrate on somethingand reactive attention, when our brain reflexively tunes in to novel stimuli. We obviously need both for survival, whether in the wilds of prehistory or while crossing a street today, but our saturated media universe has perhaps privileged the latter form and i
16、s wiring our kids“ brains differently. “Each time we get a message or text,“ Anthony Wagner, one of the Stanford study“s co-authors, speculates, “our dopamine (多巴胺) reward circuits probably get activated, since the desire for social connection is so wired into us.“ The result, he suggests, could be
17、a forward-feeding cycle in which we pay more and more attention to environmental stimuliHey, another text!at the expense of focus. E. Constant distraction affects not only how well kids learn but also how their brains absorb the new information. In 2006, UCLA scientists showed that multitaskers and
18、focused learners deploy different parts of the brain when they learn the same thing. Multitaskers fire up their striatum (纹状体), which encodes the learning more like habit, or what“s known as procedural memory. Meanwhile, those who were allowed to focus on the task without distraction relied on the h
19、ippocampus (海马体), which is at the heart of the declarative memory circuit that comes into play, say, in math class when you need to apply abstract rules to novel problems. The result of the study was that the focusers could apply the new skill more broadly but the multitaskers could not. Multitasker
20、s“ reliance on rote habit would be all well and good if we want our offspring to work on assembly lines, but to do the kind of high-level thinking that experts agree will be key to getting well-paying jobs, we“d better exercise our collective hippocampus. F. Some technology observers, like Danah Boy
21、d, a fellow at Harvard“s Berkman Center for Internet and Society, claim that social media are getting a bum rap and that the real problem lies in the hyperprotective way we parent today. “Over and over, kids tell me that they“d rather get together in person, but then they list off all of the things
22、that make doing so impossiblelike their overscheduled after-school lives or parents“ fears of kids wandering on the streets alone,“ she says. G. Stone has observed something similar in technology use among adolescents: “When they“re with friends, they won“t answer their cell phone. And if they get a
23、n SMS, they will just answer, “BZ, L8R.“ Perhaps this is a sign that our kids will be better than we are at learning how to prioritize taskssomething that will come in handy when they become workers and spouses and parents. H. But I am still concerned about the effect that 24/7 connectivity has on m
24、y kidsand on my 11-year-old son in particular. School-lunchroom behaviorgossipy whispers, competition for attention, etc.now goes on around the clock. There“s no downtime, no alone time for him to develop his sense of self. I. So what“s a good dad to do? I“ve set some rules that are designed to aid
25、his social and cognitive development: no Facebook during school, and no electronic devices after 9:30 p.m. The latter prohibition is designed to help him get more sleep, which, according to some studies, is when our brains prune connections among neurons, preserving and speeding up the ones that mat
26、ter and flushing out the ones that don“t. “Unfortunately, the new modes of communication and hours spent using them are preventing already sleep-deprived teens from getting any, which affects memory consolidation and behavioral regulation,“ says B.J. Casey, director of Cornell“s Sackler Institute fo
27、r Developmental Psychobiology. Even if kids get 9 to 10 hours of sleep but sustain multiple interruptionssay, a buzzing iPhone next to the pillowthey will suffer cognitively and feel tired the next day. Hence my 9:30 rule falls into that age-old parenting category: Do as I say, not as I do.（分数：40.00
28、）(1).According to Danah Boyd, the hyperprotective way parents behave rather than social media is the real problem.（分数：4.00）(2).According to a 2009 study, people who did a lot of media multitasking made more mistakes on a test.（分数：4.00）(3).Focused learners may have a better chance to get well-paying
29、jobs.（分数：4.00）(4).Multiple interruptions during kids“ sleep time may lead to their cognitive and physical problems the next day.（分数：4.00）(5).The saturated media universe may have weakened our top-down focus.（分数：4.00）(6).The author worries that his kids“ online activity may have a bad effect on their
30、 brains.（分数：4.00）(7).Many children aged 8 to 18 spend about 11 hours using media per day if each content stream is counted separately.（分数：4.00）(8).According to UCLA scientists, focusers could apply the new skill more broadly than multitaskers.（分数：4.00）(9).In order to help his son get more sleep, the
31、 author forbids him to use electronic devices after 9:30 p.m.（分数：4.00）(10).According to Stone, adolescents may be doing better than their parents in learning how to prioritize tasks.（分数：4.00）四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Let us begin by saying what does not cause our dreams.
32、 Our dreams do not come from “another world.“ They are not messages from some outside source. They are not a look into the future, either. All our dreams have something to do with our emotions, fears, longings, wishes, needs and memories. But something on the “outside“ may affect what we dream. If a
33、 person is hungry, or tired, or cold, his dreams may include a feeling of this kind. If the covers on your body, such as a quilt or a blanket, have slipped off your bed, you may dream that you are sleeping or resting on the ice and snow. The material for the dream you will have tonight is likely to
34、come from the experiences you have today. So the subject of your dream usually comes from something that has effect on you while you are sleeping (feeling of cold, a noise, a discomfort, etc.) and it may also use your past experiences and the wishes and interests you have now. That is why very young
35、 children are likely to dream of fairies, older children of school examinations, hungry people of food, homesick soldiers of their families, and prisoners of freedom. To show you what is happening while you are asleep and how your wishes or needs can all be joined together in a dream, here is the st
36、ory of an experiment. A man was asleep and the back of his hand was rubbed with a piece of absorbent cotton (药棉). He would dream that he was in a hospital and his charming girlfriend was visiting him, sitting on the bed and feeling gently his hand! There are some scientists who have made a special s
37、tudy of why we dream, what we dream and what those dreams mean. Their explanation of dreams, though a bit reasonable, is not accepted by everyone, but it offers an interesting approach to the problems. They believe that dreams are mostly expressions of wishes that did not come true. In other words,
38、a dream is a way of having your wishes carried out.（分数：15.00）(1).What does the author say about dreams?（分数：3.00）A.One cannot predict what may happen in the future through dreams.B.Our dreams can be related to anything but past experiences.C.Our dreams are messages from some outside source.D.People w
39、ith poor memories dream less than those with good memories.(2).What do we learn from the second paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.When a blanket slips off your bed at night, you may feel you have nothing on at all.B.When you feel cold, you may have a dream that you are staying in freezing surroundings.C.When you
40、 feel very tired, you may fall asleep quickly without having any dreams at all.D.When you feel uncomfortable, you may have a dream that people are making noise.(3).Why are very young children likely to dream of fairies?（分数：3.00）A.They feel uncomfortable while they are sleeping.B.They have seen such
41、fairies in their dreams before.C.They have a very strong desire to see such fairies.D.Such fairies may bring them good luck in their examinations.(4).What influenced the man“s dream according to the experiment described in this passage?（分数：3.00）A.Both the external and internal factors.B.His strong w
42、ishes to see his girlfriend.C.His fear of an operation.D.The hospital in which he was treated.(5).The explanation of dreams that some scientists give _.（分数：3.00）A.is considered interesting, but meaninglessB.gives a good answer to the question why we dreamC.has some value, though not fully convincing
43、D.has been proved by the findings of their studies六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Multi-product firms like General Electric obviously have a more difficult strategic planning job than firms with only a few products or product lines aimed at the same or similar target markets. Multi-product firms have t
44、o develop strategic plans for very different businesses. And they have to balance plans and resources so the whole company reaches its objectives. Details on how to manage a complicated multi-product firm are beyond our scope. But you should be aware that there are such firms and that the principles
45、 in this text are available. For example, some firms use strategic business units (SBUs), and some use portfolio management. Some multi-product firms try to improve their operations by forming strategic business units. A strategic business unit is an organizational unit within a larger company that
46、focuses on some product-markets and is treated as a separate profit center. By forming SBUs, a company formally acknowledges its very different activities. Some SBUs grow rapidly and require a great deal of attention and resources. Others produce only average profits and should be “milked“, that is,
47、 allowed to generate cash for the businesses with more potential. Some top managers handle strategic planning for a multi-product firm with an approach called portfolio management which treats alternative products, divisions, or SBUs as though they were stock investments, to be bought and sold using
48、 financial standards. Such managers make trade-offs (权衡) among very different opportunities. They treat the various alternatives as investments that should be supported, milked, or sold off depending on profitability and return on investment (ROI). This approach makes some sense if alternatives are
49、really quite different. Top managers feel they can“t become very familiar with the prospects for all of their alternatives. So they fall back on the easy-to-compare quantitative standard. And because the short run is much clearer than the long run, they place heavy emphasis on current profitability and return on investment. This puts great pressure on the operating managers to “deliver“ in the short run perhaps even neglecting the long run. Neglecting the long run is risky and this is the main weakness of the portfolio approach. This weakness can be overcome by enhancing
