1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 287 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Section C（分数：10.00）_Every so often, late at night, David Woodland steals away to the den of his home in Aberdeen, Washington, so that he can check stock prices on the I
2、nternet Mr. Woodland, a 78-year-old retired insurance salesman, delights at how with the click of a mouse, he can tap into the facts and fortunes of Wall Street. “If I get a bright idea late at night,“ Mr. Woodland said, “I go into the office, fire up the computer and put a buy or sell order in.“ Wh
3、ile online trading is popularly regarded as the province of any traders in their 20s and 30s, jumping in and out of the market to make quick profits, it is now being invaded by millions of people like Mr. Woodlandsenior investors who bring much larger accounts and more stability to this fast-growing
4、 corner of the markets. The low cost of doing business onlinenow as little as $7 a tradeand the excitement of riding a bull market are the lures (诱惑) for many older investorsjust as they are for the young. They are dismissing their full-service brokers, who offer research and advice but often charge
5、 more than $100 a trade, and instead are picking their own stocks, after downloading companies annual reports and other research basics. “These things are incredible tools, now in the hands of an individual investor,“ said Carol Potts, 56, a retired crafts designer in Santa Barbara, California. “The
6、res no reason for me to have financial advisers. I am very analytical, and I like to get involved in research.“ According to a survey this fall of 630 people over 50 by Charles Schwab and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are pr
7、oduced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An impo
8、rtant factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplie
9、s offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by
10、 seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private prope
11、rty), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to deter
12、mine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, in America, individuals _.（分数：2.00）A.are never satisfied with their incomesB.tend to overstate their incomesC.want to have their incomes increasedD.want to increase
13、the purchasing power of their incomes(2).It is implied in the first two sentences in the second paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.consumers can be satisfied by mechanized productionB.producers are the means through which consumers express their demandsC.the price of products are decided by producersD.price
14、s are regulated by supply and demand(3).According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is featured by_.（分数：2.00）A.private property and rights concernedB.manpower and natural resources controlC.ownership of productive resourcesD.free contracts and prices(4).We can learn from the passage that
15、in market-oriented economy_.（分数：2.00）A.consumers are the only factor to determine what shall be producedB.how goods and services are produced is mainly conducted by the profit motiveC.the American economic system is exactly a market-oriented economyD.businessmen can produce more goods in order to ea
16、rn more profits(5).Which of the following can be the BEST title of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.How Are American Goods Produced?B.How do American Consumers Buy Their Goods?C.How does American Economic System Work?D.How do American Businessmen Make Their Profits?大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 287 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90
17、 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Section C（分数：10.00）_解析：Every so often, late at night, David Woodland steals away to the den of his home in Aberdeen, Washington, so that he can check stock prices on the Internet Mr. Woodland, a 78-year-old ret
18、ired insurance salesman, delights at how with the click of a mouse, he can tap into the facts and fortunes of Wall Street. “If I get a bright idea late at night,“ Mr. Woodland said, “I go into the office, fire up the computer and put a buy or sell order in.“ While online trading is popularly regarde
19、d as the province of any traders in their 20s and 30s, jumping in and out of the market to make quick profits, it is now being invaded by millions of people like Mr. Woodlandsenior investors who bring much larger accounts and more stability to this fast-growing corner of the markets. The low cost of
20、 doing business onlinenow as little as $7 a tradeand the excitement of riding a bull market are the lures (诱惑) for many older investorsjust as they are for the young. They are dismissing their full-service brokers, who offer research and advice but often charge more than $100 a trade, and instead ar
21、e picking their own stocks, after downloading companies annual reports and other research basics. “These things are incredible tools, now in the hands of an individual investor,“ said Carol Potts, 56, a retired crafts designer in Santa Barbara, California. “Theres no reason for me to have financial
22、advisers. I am very analytical, and I like to get involved in research.“ According to a survey this fall of 630 people over 50 by Charles Schwab and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic
23、system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented econo
24、my is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the p
25、roduct is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will l
26、ower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire la
27、bor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make
28、a free contract with another private individual.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, in America, individuals _.（分数：2.00）A.are never satisfied with their incomesB.tend to overstate their incomesC.want to have their incomes increasedD.want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes 解
29、析：解析：文章首段末句提到，消费者个体的需求，加上企业主获取最大利润的欲望和个人追求收入效益最大化的欲望，共同决定。句中 individuals to maximize their incomes 指的是“个人追求收入效益最大化”因此选项 D 为本题答案。(2).It is implied in the first two sentences in the second paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.consumers can be satisfied by mechanized productionB.producers are the means through w
30、hich consumers express their demandsC.the price of products are decided by producersD.prices are regulated by supply and demand 解析：解析：第 2 段前两句话提到，市场经济的一个重要组成因素就是反映消费者需求并促使生产者对消费者需求做出反应的机制。在美国经济中，这种机制是通过价格体系来实现的。在该价格体系下，价格随消费者的需求以及销售者生产者的供应情况上下涨跌。结合这两句可知，价格是由供求关系调控的，因此选项 D 为本题答案。(3).According to the
31、passage, a private-enterprise economy is featured by_.（分数：2.00）A.private property and rights concerned B.manpower and natural resources controlC.ownership of productive resourcesD.free contracts and prices解析：解析：文章末段首句讲到私营经济的一个重要组成因素是个人可以拥有私人财产，接着第 2 句又说私人财产的概念不仅包括生产资料的所有权，也包含某些权利。由此可知，选项 A 正确。(4).We
32、 can learn from the passage that in market-oriented economy_.（分数：2.00）A.consumers are the only factor to determine what shall be producedB.how goods and services are produced is mainly conducted by the profit motive C.the American economic system is exactly a market-oriented economyD.businessmen can
33、 produce more goods in order to earn more profits解析：解析：首段第 2 句中的第 2 个分句提到，在竞争压力下进行经营的牟利动机，将在很大程度上决定如何生产和提供消费者最希望获得的产品和服务。也就是说，产品和服务是如何提供的主要由牟利动机决定，故选项 B 正确。(5).Which of the following can be the BEST title of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.How Are American Goods Produced?B.How do American Consumers Buy Their Goods?C.How does American Economic System Work? D.How do American Businessmen Make Their Profits?解析：解析：文章标题应该体现文章的主旨，文章第 1 段就指出美国经济体制基本上是围绕着私营企业，市场经济建立起来的。第 2、3 段分别说明了市场经济和私营经济的一个重要组成因素，由此可以推断文章的主旨是美国的经济系统是如何运作的，故选项 C 正确。
