1、翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题 31 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：100.00)In WAR MADE EASY Norman Solomon demolishes the myth of an independent American press zealously guarding sacred values of free expression. Although strictly focusing on the shameless history of media cheerleading for
2、 the principal post World War II American wars, invasions, and interventions, he calls into question the entire concept of the press as some kind of institutional counterforce to government and corporate power. Many of the examples compiled in this impeccably documented historical review will be fam
3、iliar to readers who follow the news on the Internet. But such examples achieve fresh impact because of the way Solomon has organized and analyzed them. Each chapter is devoted to a single warhawk argument (“America Is a Fair and Noble Superpower“, “Opposing the War Means Siding with the Enemy“, “Ou
4、r Soldiers Are Heroes, Theirs Are Inhuman“), illustrated with historical examples from conflicts in the Dominican Republic, E1 Salvador, Vietnam, Grenada, Panama, Kosovo, both Iraq wars, and others in which the media were almost universally enthusiastic accomplices . The book should really be subtit
5、led “War reporting doesn“t just suck, it kills“, it makes you feel like demanding a special war crimes tribunal for corporate media executives and owners who joined the roll-up to“ shock and awe“ as non-uniformed psywar ops. To be sure, this would raise the issue of whether or not following orders m
6、ight suffice for the defense of obedient slaves such as Mary McGrory and Richard Cohen, who performed above and beyond the call of duty. “He persuaded me,“ McGrory gushed(热情洋溢地表达)the morning after Colin Powell addressed a plenary session of the United Nations on February 5, 2003, declaring that Iraq
7、 had weapons of mass destruction. “The cumulative effect was stunning.“ In the same Washington Post edition, Cohen wrote. The evidence he presented to the United Nationssome of it circumstantial, some of it absolutely bone-chilling in its detailhad to prove to anyone that Iraq not only hasn“t accoun
8、ted for its weapons of mass destruction but without a doubt still retains them. Only a foolor possibly a Frenchmancould conclude otherwise. Solomon demonstrates how this kind of peppy prewar warm up degenerates into drooling and heavy breathing once the killing begins. As if observing a heavy metal
9、computer game, the pornographers of death concentrate on the exquisite craftsmanship and visual design of the murder machines and the magnificence of the fiery explosions they produce.（分数：20.00）(1).The word “demolish“ underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.destroyB.wreckC.sm
10、ashD.negate(2).What is a common misperception of American press?（分数：2.00）A.It discloses the shocking history of invasions.B.It concentrates on media support for the wars.C.It protects freedom of expression without reserve.D.It stands on the side of the government.(3).The word “accomplices“ underline
11、d in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.conspiratorB.partnerC.co-agentD.co-worker(4).The author of this passage thinks WAR MADE EASY is _.（分数：2.00）A.questionableB.controversialC.well provenD.finely polished(5).The word “suffice“ underlined in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.（分数
12、：2.00）A.be sufficient forB.satisfyC.discoveryD.provide(6).It can be implied that the convicts in El Salvador, Vietnam, Grenada, Panama, Kosovo _.（分数：2.00）A.created heroesB.are forgotten by most AmericansC.were criticized by American mediaD.were supported by American media(7).What can be inferred abo
13、ut McGrory and Richard Cohen?（分数：2.00）A.Both were shocked by the news that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.B.Both publicly supported the US accusation of Iraq.C.Both committed a special war crime.D.Both defended the interests of those who were submissive.(8).The word “degenerate“ underlined in
14、Paragraph 5 refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.retrogressB.growC.declineD.recess(9).In the second to last paragraph, “. could conclude otherwise“ probably means to think _.（分数：2.00）A.the evidence given was trueB.Iraq had no weapons of mass destructionC.Cohen gave horrifying description of IraqD.Colin Powell“s a
15、ddress was out of question(10).Solomon mentioned the computer game in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.blame the press for its guilt in the warB.compare the prewar preparations and the real warC.stress the large scale of mass destructionD.describe the visual effects of the murder machinesAlthough “naming right
16、s“ have proliferated in American higher education for the past several decades, the phenomenon has recently expanded to extraordinary lengths. Anything to get an extra dollar out of donors is fair game. I know colleges and universities sorely need to raise funds in these times of fiscal constraints
17、, but things have gotten a bit out of hand. Universities and colleges have long been named after donors-think of Harvard, Yale, Brown, and many others. John Harvard would hardly get a bench named after him today, given the modesty of his gift of books for the library back in the seventeenth century.
18、 Now it takes much more to get one“s name on a college. One institution, Rowan University of New Jersey, changed its name (from Glassboro State College) not long ago when a large donation was made. Buildings, too, have been affected. Traditionally, they were named after people such as distinguished
19、scholars or visionary academic leaders; now they“re often named after big donors. Why is all of this happening now? The main motivation for the naming frenzy is, of course, to raise money. Donors love to see their names, or the names of their parents or other relatives, on buildings, schools, instit
20、utions, professorships, and the like. Increasingly, corporations and other businesses also seek to benefit from having their names on educational facilities. Today, no limits seem to exist on what can be named. If something does not have a name, it is up for grabsa staircase, a pond, or a parking ga
21、rage. Once all the major facilities have titles, lesser things go on the naming auction block. Colleges and universities, public and private, are all under increased pressure to raise money, and naming brings in cash. It is unproductive. Separate branding weakens the focus and mission of an institut
22、ion and perhaps even its broader reputation. It confuses the public, including potential students, and feeds the idea that the twenty-first-century university is simply a confederation of independent entrepreneurial domains. The trends we see now in the United States, and perhaps tomorrow in other c
23、ountries, will inevitably weaken the concept of the university as an institution that is devoted to the search for truth and the transmission of knowledge. All this naming distracts from the mission of an institution that has almost a millennium of history and cheapens its image. It is a sad symbol
24、indeed of the commercialization and entrepreneurialism of the contemporary university.（分数：20.00）(1).The word “constraints“ underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.restraintB.limitationC.confinementD.strain(2).From the 2nd paragraph, we can learn that John Harvard _.（分数：2.00）A
25、.got a university named after him due to his donated booksB.would only get a bench named after him todayC.was the first donor for higher education in 17th centuryD.was the founder of Harvard University(3).The word “visionary“ underlined in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.forward-lo
26、okingB.providentC.famousD.prominent(4).In the past, the buildings in universities were named after _.（分数：2.00）A.political leadersB.wealthy alumniC.outstanding scholarsD.famous donors(5).The word “frenzy“ underlined in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.swivetB.derangementC.puzzleD.exc
27、itement(6).The main purpose for corporations to donate money to universities is _.（分数：2.00）A.to raise more moneyB.to get benefit and reputationC.to train skillful students for themD.to improve educational facilities(7).In the 4th paragraph, the word “unproductive“ probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.naming
28、cannot bring benefits to the donating businessesB.separate naming yields a broader reputation for a universityC.out-of-hand naming weakens the goal of higher educationD.naming cannot raise enough money for a university“s development(8).The word “transmission“ underlined in Paragraph 5 refers to _.（分
29、数：2.00）A.spreadB.inculcationC.cultivationD.development(9).According to the author, a university should be a place _.（分数：2.00）A.devoted to the search for truthB.commercialized by naming trendsC.attracting potential studentsD.focusing on scientific research only(10).From this passage, we can learn tha
30、t the author holds a (n) _ attitude towards the current naming phenomenon in American higher education.（分数：2.00）A.supportiveB.criticalC.indifferentD.sarcasticThe landscape of the Giant“s Causeway, lurking below the gaunt sea wall where the land ends, must have struck wonder into the hearts of the an
31、cient Irish, who subsequently felt inspired and created legends about its builder: the giant Finn McCool. The Causeway Coast has an unparalleled display of geological formations representing volcanic activity during the Early Tertiary Period some 50-60 million years ago. Its Tertiary lavas of the An
32、trim Plateau, covering some 3,800 sq km, represent the largest remaining lava plateau in Europe. The Causeway is a mass of basalt columns packed tightly together. The tops of the columns form stepping stones that lead from the cliff foot and disappear under the sea. Altogether there are 40,000 of th
33、ese stone columns, mostly hexagonal, but some are quadrangular, pentagonal, heptagonal and octagonal. The tallest ate about 40 feet high, and the solidified lava in the cliffs is 90 feet thick in places. A fine circular walk will take you down to the Giant“s Causeway, past amphitheatres of stone col
34、umns and formations with fanciful names like the Honeycomb, the Wishing Well, and the Giant“s Granny, past a wooden staircase to Benbane Head, and back along the cliff-top. Further down the coast, the stunning Carrick-a-rede rope bridge spans a gaping chasm between the coast and a small island used
35、by fishermen. The eighty-foot drop can be crossed via the swinging bridgeand is not for the faint-hearted! The Giant“s Causeway and Causeway Coast site was inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986. The site is of outstanding universal value and meets the criteria set in the World Heritag
36、e Convention. Namely, it is an outstanding example representing major stages of the earth“s history including the record of life: significant on-going geological processes in landform developments, and significant geomorphic and physiographic features; moreover, it also contains superlative natural
37、phenomena and areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance. Moyle District Council“s Causeway Visitor Centre is open daily all year round and located on the cliff top 1 km from the site. The Centre is the ideal starting point for walks along the coastal and cliff-top paths, providing
38、 all excellent range of visitor services. A 12-minute audio-visual presentation, with commentary available in 5 European languages, enables visitors to further explore the origins of the Giant“s Causeway through local folklore and scientific theory, and highlights the many other attractions of the C
39、auseway Coast and Glens of Antrim area.（分数：20.00）(1).The word “lurking“ underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.lie in ambushB.waitC.standD.waylay(2).The Giant“s Causeway was created by _.（分数：2.00）A.the ancient Irish peopleB.the giant Finn McCoolC.the volcanic activitiesD.the
40、 drift of lava plateau(3).The word “remaining“ underlined in Paragraph I is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.the restB.keepC.stay the sameD.stick(4).The basalt columns may have _ sides.（分数：2.00）A.3, 4, 5, 6 or 7B.5, 6, 7, 8 or 9C.4, 5, 6, 7 or 8D.6, 7, 8, 9 or 10(5).The last sentence in Paragraph
41、3 implies that the trip on the swinging bridge is quite _.（分数：2.00）A.invitingB.intimidatingC.eye-openingD.heart-breaking(6).The word “inscribed“ underlined in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.caveB.describeC.subscribeD.cut(7).Which of the Giant“s Causeway“s features best fits with t
42、he criteria set in the World Heritage Convention?（分数：2.00）A.Its unparalleled display of geological formations.B.Its amphitheatres with fancily named stone columns.C.Its largest remaining lava plateau in Europe.D.Its swinging rope bridge between the coast and a little isle.(8).From the last paragraph
43、, we can infer that this piece of writing is most probably _.（分数：2.00）A.a developmental designB.a text on geographyC.a record of local folkloreD.a tourism advertisement(9).The word “highlights“ underlined in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.give prominence toB.focusC.markD.increase
44、brightness(10).Which of the following is NOT true of the Giant“s Causeway?（分数：2.00）A.It provides visitors grand and breath-taking views.B.It is a source of literary inspiration for the ancient Irish.C.It serves as an excellent piece of material for scientific research.D.It dwarfs many other World He
45、ritage Sites in Europe.If you left your book on the table overnight, you would find the following morning that it was still exactly when you had left it, provided nobody had moved it. If a ball is made to roll on a very smooth surface, it will roll a long distance unless something stops it or change
46、s its direction. This tendency of an object to remain at rest unless something moves it and to continue moving unless something stops it is known as the Law of Inertia. The following examples show the truth of this law. (a) Put a table-cloth on a table and arrange a pile of books on it. Hold one edg
47、e of the table-cloth and pull it quickly. The table-cloth will come off, leaving the pile of books undisturbed. (b) Place a small piece of cardboard on an open jar and place a coin on it directly over its mouth. Use one finger to flick the piece of cardboard away. You will notice that the coin drops
48、 into the jar. (c) Sitting in a car which starts suddenly, you feel you are jerked backwards. In fact, you are not jerked backwards. Your lower half, which is in contact with the cushion, is forced to move forward with the car, and the upper part of your body, which remained at rest, is left behind.
49、（分数：20.00）(1).A book put on the table overnight would _ the following morning.（分数：2.00）A.not be found againB.not be touched againC.stay exactly where it was leftD.be provided to someone else(2).A ball with a smooth surface made to roll on a very smooth surface would _.（分数：2.00）A.remove its surfaceB.meet some objectsC.roll a long distanceD.change its direction(3).In this passage, inertia means _.（分数：2.00）A.a situation in which no action is takenB
