1、公共英语(五级)12 及答案解析(总分：7.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section II Use of E(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Dolphins are not the only animals 【B1】 humans that use sounds in an apparently intelligent manner. Whales also use a complex system of sounds 【B2】 is similar in many ways to a human language. One type of whale even sings, and i
2、ts songs can 【B3】 on for as long as three or four hours. What is more, they can be heard under water at 【B4】 of more than 300 kilometers. After analyzing one of these songs with the aid of a computer, Carl Sagan said it 【B5】 at least a million “bits“ of information. This is approximately the same 【B
3、6】 of “bits“ as in a long poem like The Odyssey. Chimpanzees also use a system of different sounds to communicate with each 【B7】 One type of cry 【B8】 to mean something like “ danger in the air“ or “ big bird“ and another apparently means “danger on the ground“ or “snake“. When they 【B9】 the first cr
4、y, they hide under trees or in holes and look up at the sky. The second cry causes them to hide in the upper 【B10】 of trees and to stare nervously at the grass. Chimpanzees are also 【B11】 of learning sign language. So are gorillas. One chimp called Washoe learned to 【B12】 about 160 separate signs me
5、aning 【B13】 things as “Give me a drink“ and “banana“. Washoe even 【B14】 to swear. She had a teacher called Jack 【B15】 once refused to give her a drink. Washoe 【B16】 angrier and angrier and used several signs which 【B17】 “dirty Jack“ ! A group of chimps at research institute in Atlanta, Georgia, have
6、 recently 【B18】 taught to type sentences, using a type of computer. The chimps trainer was called Tim, and he kept correcting the 【B19】 one of the chimps made. The chimp obviously wanted Tim to stop 【B20】 him and typed out the following request: “Tim, please leave room!“ （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1
7、:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、Section III Reading(总题数：3，分数：3.00)We are told that the mass media are the greatest organs for enlightenment that the world has yet seen; that in Britain, for instance, several m
8、illion people see each issue of the current affairs program, Panorama. It is true that never in human history were so many people so often and so much exposed to so many intimations about societies, forms of life, attitudes other than those which obtain in their own local societies. This kind of exp
9、osure may well be a point of departure for acquiring certain important intellectual and imaginative qualities, width of judgment, a sense of the variety of possible attitudes. Yet in itself such exposure does not bring intellectual or imaginative development. It is no more than the masses of a stone
10、 which lie around in a quarry and which may, conceivably, go to the making of a cathedral. The mass media cannot build the cathedral, and their way of showing the stones does not always prompt others to build. For the stones are presented within a self-contained and self-sufficient world in which, i
11、t is implied, simply to look at them, to observe fleetingly individually interesting points of difference between them, is sufficient in itself. Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to or feel we should try to make decisions, as citizens or as private individuals. But neither the real di
12、fficulty of these decisions, nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual, can often be communicated through the mass media. The disinclination to suggest real choice, individual decision, which is to be found in the mass media is simply the product of a commercial desire to keep the c
13、ustomers happy. It is within the grain of mass communications. The organs of the Establishment, however well-intentioned they may be and whatever their form (the State, the Church, voluntary societies, political parties) , have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rock
14、ed, and will so affect those who work within the mass media that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production which, though the skin to where such enquiries might really hurt. They will tend to move, when exposing problems, well within the accepted clich clich6 not to make a disturbing ap
15、plication of them to features of contemporary agitation of problems for the sake of the interest of that agitation in itself; they will therefore, again, assist a form of acceptance of the status quo. There are exceptions to this tendency, but they are uncharacteristic. The result can be seen in a h
16、undred radio and television programs as plainly as in the normal treatment of public issues in the popular press. Different levels of background in the readers or viewers may be assumed, but what usually takes place is a substitute for the process of arriving at judgment. Programs such as this are n
17、oteworthy less for the “stimulation“ they offer than for the fact that that stimulation (repeated at regular intervals ) may become a substitute for, and so a hindrance to, judgments carefully arrived at and tested in the mind and on the pulses. Mass communications, then, do not ignore intellectual
18、matters; they tend to castrate them, to allow them to sit on the side of the fireplace, sleek and useless, a family plaything. （分数：1.00）(1).According to the passage, the mass media present us with_.（分数：0.20）A.insufficient diversity of informationB.too restricted a view of lifeC.a wide range of facts
19、 and opinionsD.a critical assessment of our society(2).The word “disinclination“ in the second paragraph implies that_.（分数：0.20）A.mass media are not capable of giving real choice and individual decisionB.mass medial does not feel like giving real choice and individual decisionC.mass media does not m
20、anage to give real choice and individual decisionD.people do not expect to get real choice and decision from mass media(3).The author uses the comparison with building a cathedral to show that_.（分数：0.20）A.worthwhile results do not depend on raw material onlyB.the mediaeval world had different belief
21、sC.great works of art require good foundationsD.close attention to detail is important(4).Radio, TV and the press are criticized here for_.（分数：0.20）A.widening the gap between classesB.assuming that everyones tastes are the sameC.failing to reach any definite conclusionsD.setting too intellectual a s
22、tandard(5).What is the authors final judgment on how mass communications deal with intellectual matters?（分数：0.20）A.They regard them as unimportant.B.They see them as a domestic pastime.C.They consider them to be of only domestic interest.D.They rob them of their dramatic impact.Why does the Western
23、movie especially have such a hold on our imagination? Chiefly, I think, because it offers serious insights into the problem of violence such as can be found almost nowhere in our culture. One of the well-known peculiarities of modern civilized opinion is its refusal to acknowledge the value of viole
24、nce. This refusal is virtue, but like many virtues it involves a certain willful blindness and it encourages hypocrisy. We train ourselves to be shocked or bored by cultural images of violence, and our very concept of heroism tends to be a passive one: we are less drawn to the brave young men who ki
25、ll large numbers of our enemies than to the heroic prisoners who endure torture without capitulating. And in the criticism of popular culture, the presence of images of violence is often assumed to be in itself a sufficient ground for condemnation. These attitudes, however, have not reduced the elem
26、ent of violence in our culture but have helped to free it from moral control by letting it take on the aura of “ emancipation“. The celebration of acts of violence is left more and more to the irresponsible. The gangster movie, with its numerous variations, belongs to a cultural “underground“ which
27、glamorizes violence and sets it against all our higher social attitudes. It is more “modern“ genre than the Western movie, perhaps even more profound, because it confronts industrial society on its own ground the city and because, like much of our advanced art, it gains its effects by a gross insist
28、ence on its own narrow logic. But it is anti-social, resting on fantasies of irresponsible freedom. If we are brought finally to acquiesce in the denial of these fantasies, it is only because they have been shown to be dangerous, not because they have given way to higher values of behaviour. In war
29、movies, to be sure, it is possible to present violence within a framework of responsibility. But there is the disadvantage that modern war is a co-operative enterprise in which violence is largely impersonal and heroism belongs to the group more than to the individual. The hero of a war movie is mos
30、t often simply a leader, and his superiority is likely to be expressed in a denial of the heroic: you are not supposed to be brave, you are supposed to get the job done and stay alive (this too, of course, is a kind of heroic posture, but a new and “practical“ one). At its best, the war movie may re
31、present a more civilized point of view than the Western, and if it, were not continually marred by ideological sentimentality we might hope to find it developing into a higher form of drama. But it cannot supply values we seek in the Western movies. These values are in the image of a single man who
32、wears a gun on his thigh. The gun tells us that he lives in a world of violence, and even that he “believes in violence“. But the drama is one of self-restraint: the moment of violence must come in its own time and according to its special laws, or else it is valueless. He is there to remind us of t
33、he possibility of style in an age which has put on itself the burden of pretending that style has no meaning, and, in the midst of our anxieties over the problem of violence, to suggest that even in killing or being killed we are not freed from the necessity of establishing satisfactory models of be
34、haviour. （分数：1.00）(1).The reason given for our acceptance of a gangsters downfall is our being convinced that_.（分数：0.20）A.his behavior is wrongB.he is a threat to societyC.his aspirations are unrealisticD.he represents a denial of freedom(2).Violence in modern societies is seen, it is claimed in par
35、agraph 2, as_.（分数：0.20）A.a symbol of freedomB.something sacredC.morally controlledD.basic to our culture(3).The word “acquiesce“ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to_.（分数：0.20）A.acceptanceB.refusalC.devotionD.giving up(4).War films present the hero as_.（分数：0.20）A.pragmaticB.impersonalC.u
36、nheroicD.posturing(5).The image of the Western hero is intended to show us that_.（分数：0.20）A.violence need not cause us concernB.killing and death are not importantC.our modern age is lacking in styleD.there is always a need for standardsIn the immediate post-war years, the city of Birmingham schedul
37、ed some 50,000 small working class cottage as slums due for demolition. Today that process is nearly complete. Yet it is clear that, quite apart from any question of race, an environmental problem remains. The expectation built into the planning policies of 1945 was that in the foreseeable future th
38、e city would be a better place to live in. But now that slum clearance has run its course, there seems to be universal agreement that the total environment where the slums once stood is more depressing than ever. For the past ten years the slum clearance areas have looked like bomb sites. The buildi
39、ngs and places survived on islands in a sea of rubble and ash. When the slums were there they supported an organic community life and each building, each activity, fitted in as part of the whole. But now that they have been destroyed, nothing meaningful appears to remain, or rather those activities
40、which do go on do not seem to have any meaningful relation to the place. They happen there because it is an empty stage which no one is using any more. Typical of the inner-city in this sense is the Birmingham City Football Ground. Standing in unsplendid isolation on what is now wasteland on the edg
41、e of Small Heath, it brings into the area a stage army on twenty or so Saturdays a year who come and cheer and then go away again with little concern any more for the place where they have done their cheering. Even they, however, have revolted recently. “The ground,“ says the leader of the revolt, “
42、is a slum“, thus putting his finger on the fact that the demolition of houses creats rather than solves problems of the inner-city. A new element has now come upon the scene in the inner-city in the form of the tower block. Somehow it doesnt seem to be what Le Corbusier and the planners who wrote th
43、ose post-war Pelicans intended. The public spaces either havent yet been developed or are more meanly conceived, and the corridors and lifts are places of horror. In fact these places were always suspected. They had no legitimacy in the minds of the public as suburban family housing had, and those w
44、ho were placed there felt that they had been cheated. Along with the decaying elements, therefore, that which had been conceived as part of the brave new world was part of the problem. （分数：1.00）(1).The past few decades in Birmingham have proved that slum clearance_.（分数：0.20）A.will usually take longe
45、r than expectedB.creates as many problems as it solvesC.often raises racial issuesD.always achieves its aims, if well planned(2).According to the passage, now that the slum dwellings have gone, _.（分数：0.20）A.no one does anything at all in those areasB.urban theatrical life has gone, tooC.rebuilding c
46、an start almost immediatelyD.the area is extremely unattractive(3).According to the author, a number of Birmingham City football fans_.（分数：0.20）A.seem to be reluctant to continue supporting their teamB.are as rebellious as any other clubs supportersC.get necessary release from watching their team pl
47、ayD.are concerned about the future of that part of Birmingham(4).What did people think about tower blocks when they were first built?（分数：0.20）A.Town planners thought they were badly conceived.B.The public compared them with rural housing.C.The man in the street mistrusted them.D.People thought them
48、an improvement on suburban housing.(5).From the style in which its written, this passage was almost certainly taken from_.（分数：0.20）A.an official local planning reportB.a novel set in BirminghamC.a history of the Industrial RevolutionD.a sociology textbook三、Part B Directions: I(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Does the publisher of Douglas Starrs excellent Blood An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce actually expect to sell many copies?
