1、公共英语五级-202 及答案解析(总分：79.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Machines and foreign competition will replace 1 of American jobs. But work will be plentiful for people 2 in the occupations of the future. The Labor Department predicts a net increase of 25 million new jobs in the United State
2、s in 1995, 3 service-industry jobs growing three times 4 rapidly as factory jobs. “Work will shift its emphasis from the fatigue and 5 of the production line and the typing pool to the more interesting challenge of the electronic service center, the design studio, the research laboratory, the educat
3、ion institute, and the training school, “predicts Canadian economist Calvert. Jobs in high-tech fields will multiply fastest, 6 from a low base. In 7 of actual numbers, more mundane occupations will experience the biggest surge: custodians, cashiers, secretaries, waiters and clerks. Yet much of the
4、drudge work will be taken 8 by robots. The 9 of robots performing blue-collar tasks will increase 10 3 000 in 1981 to 40 000 in 1990, says John E. Taylor of the Human Resources Research Organization in Alexandria, Va. Robots might also be found on war zones, 11 space-even in the office, perhaps 12 c
5、offee, opening mall and delivering messages. One unsolved problem: what to do 13 workers displaced by high technology and foreign competition. 14 the world “the likelihood of growing permanent unemployment is becoming 15 accepted as a reality among social planners,“ notes David Macarov, associate pr
6、ofessor of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Meantime, the percentage of time people 16 on the job is 17 to continue to fall. Robert Theobald, 18 of Avoiding 1984, fears that joblessness will 19 to increasing depression, bitterness, and unrest. “The dramatic consequences of such a shift on the Wes
7、tern psyche, 20 has made the job the way we value human beings, are almost incalculable, “he comments.（分数：20.00）二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)From China to America, political leaders are wondering how to handle with the newly-elected Russian Preside
8、nt Vladimir V. Putin. The 47-year-old leader has not yet to reveal details of his foreign-policy vision, but this is much clear. He wants Russia to stand tallor at least, tallerin the world. “It would be unreasonable to be afraid of a strong Russia, but one should reckon with it, “he declared in an
9、“open letter“ to voters shortly after they elected him on March 26. “One can insult us only at one“s own peril.“ The important point is whether Putin“s efforts to build new respect for Russia will lead to confrontation with the West. For now, Putin seems hopeful of putting RussianWestern relations o
10、n a better standing despite U.S. and European criticism of the Chechen War. Putin is the one taking the initiative, media say, for a tete-a-tete with U. S. President Bill Clinton. The pair discussed a possible meeting when Clinton called Putin on March 27 to congratulate him. They hope to meet befor
11、e the July Group of Eight meetimg in Okinawa. “Putin wants it to be constructive,“ says Robert Legvold, a Russia watcher at Columbia University. The new president, Putin seems willing to negotiate arms control and security issues with Washington. Clinton wants Russia“s agreement to revise the 1972 a
12、nti-ballistic missile treaty so that the U. S. can build a limited national missile defense. Putin would want something in returnperhaps the right to sell its missile-defense technology to potential customers such as South Korea. Putin is also looking for a deal from the Paris Club of creditor gover
13、nments on reducing $40 billion in Soviet debt. Encouraged by Putin“s promises to enforce the rule of law, the creditors are likely to give him a break. Any sober calculation of Russia“s global status suggests that Russia needs the West more than the West needs Russia. And whatever is generally thoug
14、ht, Russia has more to gain from America and Europe than it does from China. That“s why the West should be unafraid of laying down rules for Putinand brace for a time of testing. Putin is often described as both an opportunist and a cynic, but there is no doubt one attribute that he respects: power.
15、（分数：5.00）(1).What does the sentence “one can insult us only at one“s own peril“ mean in the first paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.One can insult us only when one is in peril.B.Anyone who offends us will be in danger.C.Anyone who is in peril can insult us.D.We“ll never offend those who are in danger.(2).Accordi
16、ng to the passage, which of the statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Putin was elected on March 26.B.Clinton called Putin on March 27 to congratulate him.C.Clinton wants Putin to maintain the 1972 anti-ballistic missile treaty.D.Putin wants the fight to sell its missile-defence technology to will-be cu
17、stomers.(3).Which of the following statements about Putin is true?（分数：1.00）A.He was born in 1950.B.He is often considered as the one who takes advantage of any opportunity to gain power or money.C.He has shown details of his foreign-policy attitude.D.He is very powerful.(4).What does the last paragr
18、aph imply?（分数：1.00）A.China is vital to Russia.B.Russia is a threat to China.C.Russia needs the West in some aspects.D.Russia is a threat to the West.(5).In the last sentence of the last paragraph the word “cynic“ is closest in meaning to（分数：1.00）A.“a fault-finding critic“.B.“a peace-loving man“.C.“a
19、n outgoing man“.D.“a favorite companion“.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Standard English is that variety of English which is usually used in print, and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers studying the language. It is also the variety which is normally spoken by educated people and
20、 used in news broadcasts and other similar situations. The difference between standard and non-standard, it should be noted, has nothing in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial language; Standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. Historically, the standard
21、variety of English is derived from the London dialect of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one preferred by the educated, and it was developed and promoted as a model, or norm, for wider and wider
22、segments of society. It was also the norm that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are much the same everywhere in the world where English is used: variation among local standards is
23、 really quite minor, so that the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very little different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are concerned. Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous pressure on all local varieties, to the extent that many
24、 of the long-established dialects of England have lost much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to converge toward the standard. This latter situation is not unique to English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are under way. But it sometimes
25、 brings problems to speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational ones.（分数：4.00）(1).What are the characteristics of Standard English?（分数：0.80）A.It is usually used in print.B.It is normally taught in schools.C.It is used in news broadsts.D.A,
26、B and C.(2).Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?（分数：0.80）A.Standard English is better than non-standard English.B.Standard English does not differ from non-standard English in principle.C.Standard English can be both formal and colloquial.D.Non-standard English is the
27、 same as colloquial English.(3).Which of the following factors did not contribute to the London dialect becoming Standard English?（分数：0.80）A.The court moved from Winchester to London.B.The dialect was used by educated people.C.The dialect remained unaffected by foreign trade.D.The dialect was gradua
28、lly accepted and spoken by more and more people.(4).In terms of grammar and vocabulary, Standard English（分数：0.80）A.differs greatly from dialects in the United Kingdom.B.differs greatly from varieties outside U. K.C.differs little from any variety in the world.D.is the same with any variety of Englis
29、h.(5).The strong influence of Standard English is causing（分数：0.80）A.many new varieties to appear.B.many dialects to lose their uniqueness.C.variation among dialects to grow.D.different local standards to diverge.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Shortages of flu vaccine are nothing new in America, but this yea
30、r“ s is a whopper. Until last week, it appeared that 100 million Americans would have access to flu shots this fall. Then British authorities, concerned about quality-control problems at a production plant in Liverpool, barred all further shipments by the Chiron Corp. Overnight, the U.S. vaccine sup
31、ply dwindled by nearly half and federal health officials found themselves making an unusual plea. Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated, they“ re now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and 64 not to. “This reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply,“ says Dr. Martin Myer
32、s of the National Network for Immunization Information, “and the lack of redundancy in our system.“ Why is such a basic health service so easily knocked out? Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it. To create a single dose of flu vaccine, a manufacturer has to grow li
33、ve virus in a 2-week-old fertilized chicken egg, then crack the egg, harvest the virus and extract the proteins used to provoke an immune response. Profit margins are narrow, demand is fickle and, because each year“s flu virus is different, any leftover vaccine goes to waste. As a result, the United
34、 States now has only two major suppliers ( Chiron and Aventis Pasteur)-and when one of them runs into trouble, there isn“ t much the other can do about it. “A vaccine maker can“t just call up and order 40 million more fertilized eggs,“ says Manon Cox, of Connecticut-based Protein Sciences Corp. “The
35、re“s a whole industry that“s scheduled to produce a certain number of eggs at a certain time. “ Sleeker technologies are now in the works, and experts are hoping that this year“s fiasco will speed the pace of innovation. The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures-a medium
36、 already used to make most other vaccines. Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way, but several biotech companies are now pursuing this strategy, and one culture-based product (Solvay Pharmaceuticals“ Invivac) has been cleared for marketing in Europe. For Americans, the immediate chall
37、enge is to make the most of a limited supply. The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week. That“ s nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand, but only 60 million Americans seek out shots in a norma
38、l year. In fact, many experts are hoping the shortage will serve as an awareness campaign-encouraging the people who really need a flu shot to get one.（分数：5.00）(1).Shortages of flue vaccine show that _.（分数：1.00）A.America relies too much on foreign suppliersB.the demand of flue vaccines is high this
39、yearC.quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine productionD.the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up(2).The word “cleared“ (Line 4, Paragraph 3) might mean _.（分数：1.00）A.permittedB.removedC.provedD.produced(3).Private companies have little
40、interest in producing flu vaccines because of _.（分数：1.00）A.complicated process, high cost, low profit and high riskB.shortages of fertilized chicken eggsC.difficulty in growing live virusD.fast changing of flu virus(4).From the last paragraph we can infer that _.（分数：1.00）A.the government hopes to so
41、lve the problem by way of volunteer restrictionsB.more than 47 million Americans who are qualified to get flu vaccine shots can not get them this yearC.America has to deal with a limited supply of flu vaccines this yearD.normally only a small percentage of American population gets flu vaccine shots
42、each year(5).According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.All Americans are persuaded not to get vaccinated this year.B.The big problem in innovating flu vaccine producing technique is how to grow virus in a new way.C.More flu vaccines can not be produced in a short time becau
43、se private companies refuse to produce more.D.Flu vaccines are easier than most vaccines to produce through cell cultures.七、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It was a cold day. I sat in my room writing letters. I glanced out of the window. In the window directly opposite me stood Herr Stroh, gazing blatantly up
44、on me. I was annoyed at his interest. I pulled down the blind and switched on the light to continue my writing. But the drawn blind and the artificial light irritated me, and suddenly I didn“ t see why I shouldn“ t write my letters by daylight without being stared at. I switched off the light and re
45、leased the blind. Herr Stroh had gone. I concluded that he had taken my action as a signal of disapproval, and I settled back to write. 1 I left my room and went down to complain to Frau Lublonitsch. “She“s gone to the market,“ Gertha said. “She“ 11 be back in half an hour.“ 2 “I shall tell Frau Che
46、f,“ she said. Something in her manner made me ask, “Has this ever happened before.“?“ “Once or twice this year,“ she said. “I“ 11 speak to Frau Chef.“ And she added, with her music-hall grimace, “He was probably counting your eyelashes.“ 3 For nearly an hour I sat patiently at the window. Herr Stroh
47、 rested his arms now and again, but he did not leave his seat. I could see him clearly, although I think I imagined the grin on his face as, from time to time, he raised the glasses to his eyes. There was no doubt that he could see, as if it were within an inch of his face, the fury on mine. It was
48、too late now for one of us to give in, and I kept glancing down at the entrances to the hotel Stroh, expecting to see Frau Lublonitsch or perhaps one of her sons or the yard hands going across to deliver a protest. But no one from our side approached the Stroh premises. I continue to stare, and Herr
49、 Stroh continued to goggle through his glasses. Then he dropped them. It was as if they had been jerked out of his hands by an invisible nudge. He approached close to the window and gazed, but now he was gazing at a point above and slightly to the left of my room. After about two minutes, he turned and disappeared. 4 “Did she telephone to his house?“ “No, Frau Chef doesn“t use the phone; it mixes her up.“ “Who protested, then?“ “Frau Chef.“ “But she hasn“t been across to see him. I“ ve been watching the house.“ “No, Frau Chef doesn“t visit with him. But don“t w
