1、剑桥商务英语中级-78 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数：1，分数：7.00)AFrederick HerzbergAlthough relatively few contemporary management students will have read his books. Herzbergs name is instantly recognizable to anyone who has studied industial organisations. This is because th
2、e American psychologist was responsible for introducing the concept of motivation into management thinking.As a young man. Herzberg became deeply interested in mental illness and the human need for mental and emotional satisfaction. This led him to criticise the approach of many companies to job des
3、ign, and to argue for the need for job enrichment to stimulate employees efforts.BJohn AdairAdair is the pioneering British thinker in the theory of leadership. He was the first person in the UK to hold a professorship in Business Leadership and has published a series of influential books on the sub
4、ject.Despite his quiet appearance, Adair has had a colourful life, serving in a Bedouin regiment and working on an Arctic fishing boat! His initial interest in leadership came from his army experience and he used to lecture at the highly prestigious academy where British army officers are trained. H
5、e now works as an international consultant.CEdward de BonoDe Bono is unusual among major gurus for two reasons; firstly, he was born not in one of the great industrial nations but on the tiny island of Malta. Secondly, his ideas have reached a wider audience than just managers. So that his books hav
6、e become essential reading in many different disciplines. Most of de Bonos work has been concerned with the way human beings can train themselves to think more creatively. This apparently simple idea has resulted in 37 books and a highly successful career as a lecturer and consultant.DPeter DruckerP
7、robably no other single thinker has done as much as Drucker to establish management as a serious area of study. Certainly, his fellow management thinkers consider him one of the founding fathers of the discipline, and his books and articles are quoted more than those of any other management writer.
8、His first book was published as far back as 1939, yet he is still writing and teaching. His greatest distinction has been his ability to predict coming trends in business and economics. As a result, his ideas are treated with the greatest respect and interest.（分数：7.00）(1).Contact with the military w
9、as an early influence on his thinking.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Others in his field think very highly of him.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).His ideas have spread beyond the business world.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).He felt that people should be able to enjoy their work.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).His ideas are more complex than th
10、ey seem.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).He did a variety of interesting things before writing his books.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).He is particularly skilled at forecasting important.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、PART TWO(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The Body Shop-A New Kind of International BusinessThe Body Shop-good to its employees, its cust
11、omers, the environment, worthy causes and the Third World-has pioneered a new kind of corporate culture, and made a great deal of money at the same time. When Anita Roddick, the founder of The Body Shop, is asked questions about her company, it is clear that she is passionate about the good work tha
12、t The Body Shop does at the same time that it is a corporate business. Auckland businessman Roger Lampen of the job search Lampen Group Ltd says hes inspired by what he has read and heard about Roddick.“Her level of passion and commitment is whats really required in business now,“ he says. (8) By al
13、l accounts, the huge British company, which makes and sells skin and hair-care products around the world, isGood to employees: they are encouraged to have fun to challenge management, to put love where their labour is;Good to customers: they can sample products with in-store “testers“ and buy small
14、bottles to start with; they are given information about ingredients; they are offered refills at a discount;Good to the Third World: Anita Roddick, who runs the company, spends months each year traveling to remote regions to study the peoples skin and hair care. (9) Good to charities and worthy caus
15、es: Amnesty International, Romanian orphanages and the threatened rainforests of South America are among many beneficiaries of money, million-signature petitions, supplies, volunteers, membership sign-ups, shop-window campaigns;Good to the environment: The Body Shop uses minimal packaging, recycles
16、almost everything in sight and battles pollution. In one Body Shop paper-making business in Nepal, paper is made from water hyacinths that used to clog waterways, and from specially planted banana palms that have helped stop erosion and provide food. Residue from the paper-making is used to make pot
17、s for trans- planting much-needed trees. (10) .While Roddick might say nasty things about some of the Body Shop shareholders-she loathes uncaring “speculators“ who are just in for a quick profit-the company has certainly been good for their bank accounts. Since the shares were floated, in 1981, thei
18、r price has increased almost 100-fold, says Fortune magazine. (11) Asked in a phone interview about how the Body Shop is likely to fare when Roddick retires, he says, “A couple of thousand years ago, you might have asked,“ Whats going to happen to Christianity if Jesus Christ dies? If Anita Roddick
19、goes, the Body Shop could potentially become even stronger. The corporate culture is very strong.“ (12) Roddick gets angry about suspicious questioning “Anyone claiming to be altruistic is considered suspect.“ But, in a phone interview while she is visiting the Madison Avenue, New York, Body Shop, s
20、he gives some answers.A But first lets look at what makes The Body Shop seem just too good to be true.B One London stock analyst, John Richards of Country Natwest, even compares Roddick to Christ.C All this, plus jobs and income!D She has set up several Third World suppliers under a “Trade not Aid“
21、policy;E Still, no person and no business is perfect.F Auckland businessman Roger Lampen of the job search Lampen Group Ltd says hes inspired by what he has read and heard about Roddick.G But each year were slowly getting better.（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、PART THREE(总题数：1，分数：6.00)
22、Business and Social ResponsibilityToday more and more people believe that business should play an active role in improving society and solving social problems. For example, we expect that businesses will take care not to pollute the air we breathe or the water we drink. We also expect them to offer
23、fair wages and employee benefits and to provide a satisfactory product or service at a reasonable price. Many companies recognize this and have stated publicly that they will act as a good citizen. They support local arts, build parks, raise funds for charities, and try to put back some of their pro
24、fits into the community that has made their success possible.A good reason for businesses to be socially responsible is that society gives business organizations the right to exist. A social setting or environment, with its laws, customs, and other social and cultural norms, allows businesses to for
25、m and function. It is only right for businesses to participate in making the community in which they operate a better place.To be socially responsible also benefits businesses. In many cases, a company will make greater profits in the long run if it considers benefits to society. Customers actually
26、vote for products and companies when they make a purchase. If a product is of good quality and priced fairly, they will probably buy it more than once. But when customers find out that a manufacturer produces only inferior or shoddy products that cheat them out of their money, they may become so ang
27、ry that they will never purchase another of their products. Consumers may also shun firms that pollute the environment or engage in unethical practices by not buying their products. When enough people believe a business no longer serves societys best interests, they may pressure the firm into its do
28、om by boycotting its goods or services, influencing officials against it, condemning it in the media, or patronizing other firms.A business whose goal is to maximize profits is not likely to act out of a sense of social responsibility although its activity will probably be legal. Only businesses tha
29、t are concerned about society as well as about maintaining profitability are likely to invest voluntarily in socially responsible activities. For example, the former president of Pizza Hut, Orr Gunther, implemented a program called “Book-it.“ This program rewarded children with a free pizza for read
30、ing a certain number of books. Such a business may win the trust and respect of its customers andin the long run increase profits.To be successful, a business must determine what customers and society want or expect in terms of social responsibility. Although .social responsibility may seem an abstr
31、act idea, managers consider it on a daily basis as they deal with real issues. A business must monitor changes and needs in society in order to behave in a .socially responsible way.（分数：6.00）(1).The passage mainly focuses on _.（分数：1.00）A.doing businessB.social responsibilityC.what customers and soci
32、ety wantD.cultural and social norms(2).To take social responsibility, a business should _.（分数：1.00）A.help solve social problemsB.play a part in improving the quality of life in the communityC.protect the environmentD.all of above(3).According to the text, a business should be socially responsible be
33、cause _.（分数：1.00）A.society requires itB.social laws and customs demand itC.it owns its existence to societyD.it is indebted to the community in which it operates(4).Many business organizations are willing to take social responsibility because the practice also does good to _.（分数：1.00）A.the needs of
34、consumersB.the stability of societyC.the protection of environmentD.the profits of a business(5).From paragraph 4, we can infer that those who do not act out of a sense of social responsibility are _.（分数：1.00）A.shortsightedB.farsightedC.concerned about societyD.likely to increase profits in the long
35、 run(6).To act in a socially responsible way, a business must _.（分数：1.00）A.reward children with foodB.observe changes and wants in societyC.build parks for peopleD.maximize its profits五、PART FOUR(总题数：1，分数：15.00)People ExpressPeople Express, founded in April 1981, grew rapidly on the basis of low far
36、es and no-frills service. It soon became a leading airline and (19) changed the industry as firms constantly engaged in price wars to lure passengers. Then, People Express bubble (20) because it overexpanded, consumer complaints mounted and other airlines matched its fares on popular routes. In 1986
37、,People Express (21) hundreds of millions of dollars and was forced to sell out to Texas Air, the owner of Continental and Eastern Airlines. In early 1987,Texas Air (22) People Express into its Continental division and industry observers believed (23) the costly fare wars would be ended. They could
38、not have been more wrong. To stimulate business for its (24) Continental Airlines, Texas Air instituted a new low fare category (25) MaxSaver. The fare offered prices that were up to 40 per cent lower than“ supersaver“ rates offered 28all airlines. For example, the round-trip MaxSaver fare from New
39、York to Houston was $79. The MaxSaver fares were immediately matched by all major airlines, (26) feared losing business.While MaxSaver rates were low, they also had restrictions. Tickets could not be (27) or flight times modified after purchase. Passengers would have to stay over either a Saturday o
40、r Sun- day. Reservations had to be made at least two days (28) ,and there were limited seats available. Three weeks after MaxSaver rates were (29) American Airlines announced plans to raise its discount fares and require 30-day (30) purchasing for its lowest fares. It felt it could not continue at t
41、he rates in effect. However, just 10 days (31) American Airlines had to revise its plan. Texas Air refused to abandon the MaxSaver fare; it even extended the (32) pro- gram into the busy summer season. Competitors went along and the price war raged on, (33) an executives that “nobodys cost structure
42、 can survive MaxSave./（分数：15.00）A.littleB.slowlyC.quickD.radicallyA.burstB.explodeC.openedD.disappearedA.gainedB.madeC.lostD.disappearedA.emergedB.mergedC.has combinedD.mixedA.whatB.whichC.whereD.thatA.expandB.to extendC.expandedD.extendedA.calledB.callingC.to callD.calling onA.toB.forC.withD.byA.pu
43、t offB.cancelingC.destroyedD.canceledA.beforeB.in advanceC.ahead ofD.laterA.introducedB.brought inC.taken inD.adaptedA.advancedB.beforeC.aheadD.prior toA.latelyB.laterC.lateD.latterA.furtherB.deeplyC.greatD.promotionA.despite ofB.despiteC.in spiteD.although六、PART FIVE(总题数：1，分数：12.00)Redundancies Thr
44、eatened in Insurance Takeover0 Hundreds of insurance workers were facing redundancy last night after00 two companies announced as they were joining forces. The redundancies34 are under threatened by a 4 billion takeover of Bastion Insurance35 which has been a 17,500-strong workforce, by overseas riv
45、al Sunshine36 Provincial, which employs a staff of 20,000. A spokesperson for37 Bastion workers who accepted there would be rationalization of the two38 companies operations, causing redundancies. However, since there was39 relief when workers heard the job losses would be nowhere near the40 5,000 l
46、evel initially were feared. These bigger cuts would have resulted if41 Bastion had accepted that a bid from Total Insurance two weeks ago. It opted42 instead of for joining up with Sunshine, whose employees are mostly based43 abroad. The spokeperson added, “Recently we were talking with about thousa
47、nds of44 redundancies, so this is at best for all. “Experts predict that this is only one of many45 such developments that can be expected in the insurance industry in the near future.（分数：12.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、WRITING(总题数：2，分数：10.
48、00)1.PART ONE You are the Head of Research for an international car manufacturer. You have to make an urgent trip tomorrow to visit Pierre Blanco, a colleague who works for a subsidiary. Write a memo to your secretary: telling her who you are going to see and when asking her to book flight tickets and accommodation telling her what work you would like her to do in your absence Write 40-50 words on the separate answer pap
