1、托福-11 (1)及答案解析(总分：109.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Set 1(总题数：2，分数：6.00)Tourism in ChileThe biggest problem facing Chile, as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a convenient stop on the way to any
2、where else and it is considerably farther than a relatively cheap half-days flight away from other major tourist markets, such as Mexico.Chile, therefore, is having to fight hard to attract tourists, to convince travelers that it is worth coming halfway round the world to visit. But it is succeeding
3、, not only in existing markets like the USA and Western Europe but in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being forgotten. More than 50% of visitors to Chile still come from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher.Sim
4、ilar to all the other South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of foreign currency, although it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable politically within the region, it has benefited from the problems suffered in other areas. In
5、Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry and fear of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro as a dream destination for foreigners.More than 150000 people are directly involved in Chiles tourist sector, an industry which earns
6、 the country more than U.S. $ 950 million each year. The state-run National Tourism Service, in partnership with a number of private companies, is currently running a world-wide campaign, taking part in trade fairs and international events to attract visitors to Chile.Chiles great strength as a tour
7、ist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama Desert in the north to the Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than 5000 km long. With the Pacific on one side and the Andean mountains on the other, Chile boasts natural attractions. Its beaches are not up to Caribbea
8、n standards but resorts such as Vinadel Mar are generally clean and unspoiled and have a high standard of services.But the trump card is the Andes mountain range. There are a number of excellent ski resorts within one hours drive of the capital, Santiago, and the national parks in the south are home
9、 to rare animal and plant species. The parks already attract specialist visitors, including mountaineers, who come to climb the technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the regions rivers.However, infrastructural development in these areas is limited. The ski reso
10、rts do not have as many lifts as their European counterparts and part poor quality of roads in the south means that only the most determined travelers see the best of the national parks. (A) Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. (B) While Chiles two larg
11、est airlines have extensive networks within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the U.S. and Europe while services to Asia are almost non-existent. (C) Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks. (D) Easter Isla
12、nd and Chiles Antarctic Territory are also on the list of areas where the government believes it can create tourist markets.But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass tourism is not being welcomed by everyone. Indigenous and environmental groups, including Greenpeace, say that many par
13、ts of the Andes will suffer if they become over-developed. There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexican and European resorts.The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent settlements
14、on the ice and many people see the decision to allow tourists there as a political move, enhancing Santiagos territorial claim over part of Antarctica.The Chilean government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to bring tourism potential. The government will have to monitor developmen
15、ts closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balanced, controlled industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to mean the loss of many of Chiles natural riches.（分数：5.50）(1).The word reckon in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：0.50）A.realizeB.t
16、ransformC.activateD.consider(2).According to the passage, many of Chiles tourists used to come from all of the following places EXCEPT _.（分数：0.50）A.the USAB.her neighborsC.Western EuropeD.the Far East(3).The word other in Paragraph 3 refers to _.（分数：0.50）A.areas such as Peru and BrazilB.Argentina an
17、d BrazilC.Brazil, Chile, and other areasD.Argentina and Peru(4).The word parched in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：0.50）A.roastedB.dryC.heatedD.warm(5).According to Paragraph 6, Chiles greatest attraction is _.（分数：0.50）A.the unspoilt beachesB.the famous mountain rangeC.the high standard
18、of servicesD.the dry and hot desert(6).According to the passage, in which area is improvement already underway?（分数：0.50）A.Facilities in the ski resorts.B.Domestic transport system.C.Air services to Asia.D.Road network in the sout(7).According to the passage, the objection to the development of Chile
19、s tourism might be all EXCEPT that it _.（分数：0.50）A.will bring harm to cultureB.is politically sensitiveC.will cause pollution in the areaD.is ambitious and unrealistic(8).According to the passage, Chile is disadvantaged in the promotion of its tourism by _.（分数：0.50）A.guerrilla warfareB.geographical
20、locationC.street crimeD.political instability(9).According to the passage, which of the following reasons why only the most determined travelers can see the best of the national parks is NOT mentioned?（分数：0.50）A.Infrastructural development in these areas is limited.B.The ski resorts do not have the
21、same number of lifts as their European counterpartsC.Roads are of poor quality in the south.D.The mountains are too tall for the tourists to clim(10).Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning
22、 in important ways or leave out essential information.（分数：0.50）A.The development of tourism will destroy the countrys environment.B.The government will be obliged to adjust the development of tourism.C.Tourism will influence the balance of various industries in the country.D.The tourist market is ba
23、sed on the abuse of various natural resources.(11).Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Nor is development being restricted to the Andes.Where would the sentence best fit?（分数：0.50）A.Square .B.Square .C.Square .D.Square .1.Directions: Compl
24、ete the table by matching the phrases below. Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the features to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 4 points./r/n /r/n Advantages /r/n Disadvantages /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /
25、r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n Answer Choices A. Guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt a heavy blow to the tourist industry. B. Beaches are generally clean and unspoiled. C. Chile has a high standard of services. D. The resorts are home to rare animal and plant species. E. Chile has technic
26、ally difficult peaks. F. Infrastructural development in these areas is limited. G. Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. H. Street crimes are quite common.（分数：0.50）_三、Set 2(总题数：2，分数：6.50)Green PowerYouve insulated the attic, installed triple-glazed windo
27、ws, and bought high-efficiency appliances. Can you make your home any more eco-friendly? For an increasing number of Americans, the answer is yes. You can let nature help cut your utility bill. It may be as simple as replacing outdoor lights with solar-powered fixtures or signing up for your utility
28、s “green power“ program. Thanks to rapid improving technology and government subsidies, thousands of Americans living in remote locations are finding it can be cheaper to use the sun and wind than fossil fuels.However, dont cut your ties to the local utility just yet. (A) While renewable energy wont
29、 replace coal and natural gas soon (or ever, critics contend), consumers have more choices in their energy mix than ever before. (B) And theyre not at all whole-bran environmentalists: Roldan Montalvo runs a gas station here in Hebbronville, Texas. (C) But when he wanted to bring electricity to his
30、cabin eight miles out of town, he went solar. The reason was simple. The utility company wanted $100000 to extend its electric line to his cabin. (D) Mr. Montalvo paid less than $8000 for his solar system, “Its all right so far,“ he says, looking up at the three solar panels that run a few lights, a
31、 fan, and a TV inside. “I can run power tools.“Others, of course, take a more enthusiastic line. “There is a new focus on renewable.“ says Thomas White, chairman and chief executive of Enron Renewable Energy Corporation, which has completed the worlds largest wind farm in Minnesota. “My feeling is t
32、hat we are at the point in time where the personal computer was in the late 70s,“ adds Mac Moore, Director of Business Development for BP Solar, one of the largest manufacturers and marketers of solar electric systems in the world. “Over the next 10 years, if things go well, theres going to be a rev
33、olutionary change in the way that we obtain power.“Wind power represents an even more compelling argument for remote homeowners. Turbines have become so much more efficient over the past decades that homeowners a quarter mile from a utility line may find it cheaper to put up a wind turbine than to p
34、ay the utility to extend its service. But for most consumers, barriers remain. For one thing, renewable energy systems are expensive to install and require more than a decade before consumers see a payback.Even a good deal on solar panels in a high-sun area would still cost a typical homeowner 30 ce
35、nts a kilowatt hour, explains the CEO of Strategy Unlimited, a technology-research firm in Mountain View, Calif. Thats far above the 6 to 15 cents that Americans typically pay their local utility, he adds. Small-scale wind turbines are much more competitiveanywhere from 8 to 15 cents a kilowatt-hour
36、, says Mike Bergey, President of Bergey Windpower in Norman, Oklahoma. But they still require a $30000 to $35000 investment up front and it would take most homeowners 15 to 20 years before theyd see any payback.There are other drawbacks. Since these systems only produce energy intermittently, theres
37、 no guarantee homeowners can store enough energy to run their homes when the sun isnt shining or the wind isnt blowing. Then theres aesthetics. Will the neighbor accept those solar panels on your roof? Do you want a 100-foot-high wind turbine humming in your backyard like a muffled helicopter? Thats
38、 why companies like Bergey Windpower are targeting rural residents in the United Statesespecially those in states such as California, where the government will pay up to half the cost of installing renewable-energy systems.（分数：6.00）(1).The word insulate in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：
39、0.50）A.separateB.decorateC.installD.expand(2).According to the passage, which of the following should be considered sources of renewable energy?（分数：0.50）A.Petroleum, sunlight and windpower.B.Gas, water and fossil fuel.C.Coal, natural gas and hydropower.D.Sunlight, water and windpower.(3).Why does th
40、e author say “However, dont cut your ties to the local utility just yet“ in Paragraph 2?（分数：0.50）A.To state the thesis of the passage.B.To summarize the passage.C.To use it as a transitional sentence.D.To lead to a counter-argument that follows(4).Why does the author mention personal computers in Pa
41、ragraph 3?（分数：0.50）A.To indicate that computer technology has already greatly developed.B.To indicate that a great change in energy technology will occur soon.C.To indicate that “green power“ will be of equal significance.D.To indicate that solar energy will replace all other energies soon.(5).What
42、does barrier refer to in Paragraph 4?（分数：0.50）A.Support.B.Acceptance.C.Resistance.D.Bondag(6).According the passage, what can be inferred about the author?（分数：0.50）A.He does not have definite personal view towards renewable energies.B.He compares non-renewable energies with renewable energies.C.He d
43、isplays a view towards the application of renewable energies.D.He does side with the views of environmentalists completely.(7).The word aesthetics in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：0.50）A.appreciation of beautyB.depiction of an imageC.feature of an objectD.structure of a house(8).It can
44、be inferred from the passage that more people will _.（分数：0.50）A.use non-renewable and renewable energiesB.stick to the use of local utility as beforeC.not use any renewable energies at allD.use renewable energies for household only(9).According to Paragraph 3, why does Mac Moore believe that theres
45、going to be a revolutionary change in the way that we obtain power?（分数：0.50）A.Because new energies have been put into use.B.Because there is great development in technology.C.Because natural resources are quite limited.D.Because many households began to use green energy.(10).According to Paragraph 4
46、, why does the author say that wind power represents an even more compelling argument for remote homeowners?（分数：0.50）A.The wind power is more convenient and easy to handle.B.The wind power is more convenient to use than local utility.C.The wind power is inconvenient but homeowners have to use it.D.T
47、he wind power is so costly that few people prefer to use it.(11).According to the last paragraph, what can be concluded?（分数：0.50）A.Solar and wind energy systems cost a lot for producing electricity.B.People had better pay for the utility instead of producing electricity.C.Solar and wind energy can p
48、rovide cheap and continuous electricity.D.Solar and wind energy is reasonable and cheap for remote villagers.(12).Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Many are choosing to go “green“ at least a bit.Where would the sentence best fit?（分数：0.5
49、0）A.Square .B.Square .C.Square .D.Square .2.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage o
