1、托福真题 2001 年 01 月及答案解析(总分：89.00，做题时间：90 分钟)略二、Section Two: Structu(总题数：39，分数：39.00)1.A three-foot octopus can crawl through a hole_in diameter. A. than one inch less B. less than one inch C. one less inch than D. tan less one inch（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2._adopted the decimal system of coinage in 1867. A. C
2、anada B. When Canada C. Canada, which D. There was Canada（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Generally, the representatives _a legislature are constitutionally elected by a broad spectrum of the population. A. who they compose B. who compose C. ad compose D. compose（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The Actors Studio, a professiona
3、l actors workshop in New York City, provides_where actors can work together without the pressure of commercial production. A. a place and B. a place C. so that a place D. a place is（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5._that life began billions of years ago in the water. A. It is believed B. In the belief C. The belie
4、f D. Believing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.by 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, _astonishing expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862. A. because B. an C. to which D. was（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The artist Romare Bcarden was _whose yellows, deep blues, and fuchsias contrasted strongly
5、 with photographic gray in his bright collages. A. with a gift for color B. a gifted colorist C. a gift with colorful D. gifted with coloring（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The most important chemical catalyst on this planet is chlorophyll, _carbon dioxide and water react to form carbohydrates. A. whose presence
6、 B. which is present C. presenting D. in the presence of which（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.One theory of the origin of the universe is _from the explosion of a tiny, extremely dense fireball several billion years ago. A. because what formed B. the formation that C. that it formed D. when forming（分数：1.00）A.B.C
7、.D.10.Roads in the United States remained crude, _ with graved or wood planks, until the beginning of the twentieth century. A. were unsurefaced or they covered them B. which unsureface or covered C. unsurfaced or covered them D. unsurfaced or covered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.portrait prints were the firs
8、t reproductions of American paintings _ widely distributed in the United States. A. were B. that which C. that being D. to be（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Abigail Adams was prodigious letter writer, _ many editions of her letters have been published. A. who B. and C. in addition to D. due to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1
9、3.In geometry, an ellipse may be defined as the locus of all points _distances from two fixed points is constant. A. which as the sum of B. of the sum which C. whose sum of whose D. whose sum that the（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14._at the site of a fort established by the Northwest Mounted Police, Calgary is n
10、ow one of Canadas fastest growing cities. A. Built B. It is built C. To build D. Having built（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.An image on a national flag can symbolize political ideals that _express. A. take many words to otherwise would. B. would take to many otherwise words C. many words to take would otherwis
11、e D. would otherwise take many words to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.A (variation) of collodion photography was the tintype, (which) captured images on a black (or) dark brown metal plate (instead. from on glass. A. variationB. whichC. orD. instead（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.(In cases of. minor injury (to) the brain.
12、 Amnesia is (likely) to be a (temporarily) condition. A. In cases ofB. toC. likelyD. temporarily（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The (system) of chemical symbols, first devised about 1800. gives a concise and (instantly) recognizable description ofa. element (or) compound. A. systemB. instantlyC. aD. or（分数：1.00）
13、A.B.C.D.19.(The fact that) white light is light (composed of. various wavelengths may be (demonstrating. by dispersing a beam of (such) light through a prism. A. The fact thatB. composed ofC. demonstratingD. such（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.(Over) the course of history, (much) civilizations developed (their
14、own) number (systems). A. OverB. muchC. their ownD. systems（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.In the United States during the Second World War, (each) trade unions (and. employers avoided federal limits on wages (by) offering (employees) nontaxable medical benefits. A. eachB. andC. byD. employees（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2
15、2.Philosophy is (the study) of the nature of reality, knowledge, (existent), and (ethics) (by means) of rational inquiry. A. the studyB. existentC. existentD. by means（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.Poems vary in (length) (from) brief lyric poems to (narrative. or epic poems, which can be as broad in scope (tha
16、n) a novel. A. lengthB. fromC. narrativeD. than（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The population of California (more than) doubled (during the. period 1940-1960, creating problems in road-building and (provide. water for its arid (southern section). A. more thanB. during theC. provideD. southern section（分数：1.00）A.
17、B.C.D.25.Although (based it on) feudal models, the colony of Pennsylvania (developed. a (reputation for) a (progressive political) and social outlook. A. based it onB. developedC. reputation forD. progressive political（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.(Hard. and resistant to corrosion, bronze (is traditionally) u
18、sed in bell casting and is the material used (widely most) for metal (sculpture A. HardB. is traditionallyC. widely mostD. sculpture（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.The Appalachian Mountains (formation) a natural barrier (between) the eastern seaboard and the vast (lowlands) of the continental (interior) of Nort
19、h America. A. formationB. betweenC. lowlandsD. interior（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.The United States census (for) 1970 (showed that) the French-speaking residents of Louisiana (were. one of the countrys most compact regional linguistic (minority). A. forB. showed thatC. wereD. minority（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.(W
20、hen used. as food (additives), antioxidants prevent fats and oils from (become. rancid when exposed to air, (and thus) extend their shelf life. A. When usedB. additivesC. becomeD. and thus（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.Copper was the first (metallic. used by humans (and is) second only (to iron) in its utility
21、 through (the ages). A. metallicB. and isC. to ironD. the ages（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.31.(Despite. the fact that lemurs are (general) nocturnal, the ring-tailed lemur (travels) by day in bands of four (to) twelve individuals. A. DespiteB. generalC. travelsD. to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.32.The Western world is beset
22、 (with) the range of (problem) that characterize (mature., postindustrial (societies).A. withB. problemC. matureD. societies（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.33.Acrylic (paints) are (either) applied (using. a knife or diluted and (spreading. with a paintbrush. A. paintsB. eitherC. usingD. spreading（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3
23、4.Some marine invertebrates, (such as the. sea urchin and the starfish, (migrates) from deep water (to shallow) during spring and early summer (to spawn). A. such as theB. migratesC. to shallowD. to spawn（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.35.Marshes, wetland (areas characterized. by (plant grassy) growth, are disting
24、uished (from) swamps, wetlands (where trees) grown. A. areas characterizedB. plant grassyC. fromD. where trees（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.36.Wampum, beads used as (a form) of exchange by some Native Americans, was made of (bits of. seashells cut, (drill), and strung into belts. A. a formB. byC. bits ofD. drill
25、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.37.Kangaroos use (their) long and (powerful) tails (for) balance themselves (when sitting. upright or jumping. A. theirB. powerfulC. forD. when sitting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.38.Proper city planning (provides for) the (distribution) of public utilities, public buildings, parks, and (recrea
26、tion centers), and for adequate and (the inexpensive. housing. A. provides forB. distributionC. recreation centersD. the inexpensive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.39.(Most) traditional dances are (made up of.a prearranged series of steps and movements, but modern dancers are generally (free to) move as they (choi
27、ce A. MostB. made up ofC. free toD. choice（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Section Three: Readi(总题数：5，分数：50.00)In 1972, a century after the first national park in the United States was established at Yellowstone, legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The intent of this legislat
28、ion was to provide protection to selected coastal habitats similar to that existing for land areas designated as national parks. The designation of an areas a marine sanctuary indicates that it is a protected area, just as a national park is. People are permitted to visit and observe there, but livi
29、ng organisms and their environments may not be harmed or removed. The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce. Initially, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status
30、. Two and a half decades later, only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of these established after 1978. They range in size from the very small (less than I square kilometer) Fagatele BayNational Marine Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National MarineSanctuary in Calif
31、ornia, extending over 15,744 square kilometers. The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is a crucial part of new management practices in which whole communities of species, and not just individual species, are offered some degree of protection from habitat degradation and overexploitation. Only in t
32、his way can a reasonable degree of marine species diversity be maintained in a setting that also maintains the natural interrelationships that exist among these species. Several other types of marine protected areas exist in the United States and other countries. The National Estuarine Research Rese
33、rve System, managed by the United States government, includes 23 designated and protected estuaries. Outside the United States, marine protected-area programs exist as marine parks, reserves, and preserves. Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphery of the Carbbean Sea. Others rangefrom th
34、e well-known Australian Great Barrer Reef Marine Park to lesser-known parks in countries such as Thailand and Indonesia, where tourism is placing growing pressures on fragile coral reef systems. As state, national, and international agencies come to recognize the importance of conserving marine biod
35、iversity, marine projected areas. whether as sanctuaries, parks, or estuarine reserves, will play an increasingly important role in preserving that diversity.（分数：9.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss? A. Differences among marine parks, sanctuaries, and reserves B. Various marine conservation
36、 programs C. International agreements on coastal protection D. Similarities between land and sea protected environments（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “intent“ in line 3 is closest in meaning to A. repetition B. approval C. goalD. revision（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “administered“ in line 8 is close
37、st in meaning to A. managed B. recognized C. opposed D. justified（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “these“ in line 11 refers to A. sites B. candidates C. decades D. sanctuaries（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passage mentions the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (lines 13-14) as an example of a sanctuary
38、that A. is not well know B. covers a large area C. is smaller than the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary D. was not originally proposed for sanctuary status（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).According to the passage, when was the National Marine Sanctuaries Program established? A. Before 1972 B. After 1987 C
39、. One hundred years before national parks were established D. One hundred years after Yellowstone National Park was established（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).According to the passage, all of the following are achievements of the National Marine Sanctuaries Program EXCEPTA. the discovery of several new marine
40、organisms B. the preservation of connections between individual marine species C. the protection of coastal habitats D. the establishment of areas where the public can observe marine life（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).The word “periphery“ in line 24 is closest in meaning to A. depth B. landmass C. warm habita
41、t D. outer edge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).The passage mentions which of the following as a threat to marine areas outside the United States? A. Limitations in financial support B. The use of marine species as food C. Variability of the climate D. Increases in tourism（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.From their inception,
42、most rural neighborhoods in colonial North America included at least one carpenter, joiner, sawyer, and cooper in woodworking; a weaver and a tailor for clothing production; a tanner, currier, and cordwainer (shoemaker) for fabricating leather objects; and a blacksmith for metalwork, Where stone was
43、 the local building material, a mason was sure to appear on the list of people who paid taxes. With only an apprentice as an assistant, the rural artisan provided the neighborhood with common goods from furniture to shoes to farm equipment in exchange for cash or for “goods in kind“ from the custome
44、rs field, pasture, or dairy. Sometimes artisans transformed material provided by the customer wove cloth of yam spun at the farm from the wool of the family sheep; made chairs or tables from wood cut in the customers own woodlot; produced shoes or leather breeches from cow, deer, or sheepskin tanned
45、 on the farm.Like their farming neighbors, rural artisans were part of an economy seen, by one historian, as “an orchestra conducted by nature.“ Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off during harvest time, and still others waited on raw materials that were only produced s
46、easonally. As the days grew shorter, shop hours kept pace, since few artisans could afford enough artificial light to continue work when the Sun went down. To the best of their ability, colonial artisans tried to keep their shops as efficient as possible and to regularize their schedules and methods
47、 of production for the best return on their investment in time, tools, and materials, While it is pleasant to imagine a woodworker, for example, carefully matching lumber, joining a chest together without resort to nails or glue, and applying all thought and energy to carving beautiful designs on th
48、e finished piece, the time required was not justified unless the customer was willing to pay extra for the quality and few in rural areas were, Artisans, therefore, often found it necessary to employ as many shortcuts and economics as possible while still producing satisfactory products.（分数：8.00）(1)
49、.What aspect of rural colonial North America does the passage mainly discuss? A. Farming practices B. The work of artisans C. The character of rural neighborhoods D. Types of furniture that were popular（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “inception“ in line 1 is closest in meaning to A. investigation B. location C. beginning D. records（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “fabricating“ in line 3 is closest in meaning to A. constructing B. altering C. selecting D. demonstrating（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferied from the fr
